| 1. |
- Hillier, Ladeana W, et al.
(författare)
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Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 432:7018, s. 695-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present here a draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus. Because the chicken is a modern descendant of the dinosaurs and the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced, the draft sequence of its genome--composed of approximately one billion base pairs of sequence and an estimated 20,000-23,000 genes--provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes. For example, the evolutionary distance between chicken and human provides high specificity in detecting functional elements, both non-coding and coding. Notably, many conserved non-coding sequences are far from genes and cannot be assigned to defined functional classes. In coding regions the evolutionary dynamics of protein domains and orthologous groups illustrate processes that distinguish the lineages leading to birds and mammals. The distinctive properties of avian microchromosomes, together with the inferred patterns of conserved synteny, provide additional insights into vertebrate chromosome architecture.
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| 2. |
- Mason, M.G., et al.
(författare)
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Interfacial chemistry of Alq3 and LiF with reactive metals
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 89:5, s. 2756-2765
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic structure and chemistry of interfaces between tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) and representative group IA and IIA metals, Al, and Al/LiF have been studied by x-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies. Quantum-chemical calculations at the density functional theory level predict that the Alq3 radical anion is formed upon reaction with the alkali metals. In this case, up to three metal atoms can react with a given Alq3 molecule to form the trivalent anion. The anion formation results in a splitting of the N 1 s core level and formation of a new feature in the previously forbidden energy gap. Virtually identical spectra are observed in the Al/LiF/Alq3 system, leading to the conclusion that the radical anion is also formed when all three of these constituents are present. This is support by a simple thermodynamic model based on bulk heats of formation. In the absence of LiF or similar material, the reaction of Al with Alq3 appears to be destructive, with the deposited Al reacting directly with the quinolate oxygen. We proposed that in those circumstances where the radical anion is formed, it and not the cathode metal are responsible for the electron injection properties. This is borne out by producing excellent injecting contacts when Ag and Au are used as the metallic component of the cathode structure. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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| 5. |
- Palmieri, C, et al.
(författare)
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Estrogen receptor beta in breast cancer
- 2002
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Ingår i: Endocrine-related cancer. - : Bioscientifica. - 1351-0088. ; 9:1, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estrogen is essential for normal growth and differentiation in the mammary gland. It also supports growth of approximately 50% of primary breast cancers. For this reason, removal of estrogen or blocking of its action with the anti-estrogen, tamoxifen, is the main treatment for estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha)-positive tumors. In 1996, when oncologists became aware of a second ER, ERbeta, there was some doubt as to whether this receptor would be of importance in breast cancer because the clinical consensus was that responsiveness to tamoxifen is related to the presence of ERalpha in breast cancer. Today we know that ERalpha and ERbeta have distinct cellular distributions, regulate separate sets of genes and can oppose each other's actions on some genes. We also know that ERbeta is widely expressed in both the normal and malignant breast and that there are proliferating cells in the breast which express ERbeta. In this review we summarize what is known about ERbeta in breast cancer and examine the possibility that ERbeta-selective ligands may well represent a useful class of pharmacological tools with a novel target, namely proliferating cells expressing ERbeta.
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| 9. |
- von Mutius, E, et al.
(författare)
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International patterns of tuberculosis and the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema
- 2000
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Ingår i: Thorax. - : BMJ. - 0040-6376 .- 1468-3296. ; 55:6, s. 449-453
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background - An ecological analysis was conducted of the relationship between tuberculosis notification rates and the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema in 85 centres from 23 countries in which standardised data are available. These essentially comprised countries in Europe as well as the USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Methods - Tuberculosis notification rates were obtained from the World Health Organization. Data on the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema in 235,477 children aged 13-14 years were based on the responses to the written and video questionnaires from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). The analysis was adjusted for gross national product (GNP) as an estimate of the level of affluence. Results - Tuberculosis notification rates were significantly inversely associated with the lifetime prevalence of wheeze and asthma and the 12 month period prevalence of wheeze at rest as assessed by the video questionnaire. An increase in the tuberculosis notification rates of 25 per 100,000 was associated with an absolute decrease in the prevalence of wheeze ever of 4.7%. Symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in the past 12 months were inversely associated with tuberculosis notification rates, but there were no other significant associations with other ISAAC questions on allergic rhinoconjunctivitis or atopic eczema. Conclusions - These findings are consistent with recent experimental evidence which suggests that exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis may reduce the risk of developing asthma.
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| 11. |
- Weinreb, Neal J, et al.
(författare)
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Gaucher disease type 1 : revised recommendations on evaluations and monitoring for adult patients.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Semin Hematol. - 0037-1963. ; 41:4 Suppl 5, s. 15-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For patients with type 1 Gaucher disease, challenges to patient care posed by clinical heterogeneity, variable progression rates, and potential permanent disability that can result from untreated or suboptimally treated hematologic, skeletal, and visceral organ involvement dictate a need for comprehensive, serial monitoring. An updated consensus on minimum recommendations for effective monitoring of all adult patients with type 1 Gaucher disease has been developed by the International Collaborative Gaucher Group (ICGG) Registry coordinators. These recommendations provide a schedule for comprehensive and reproducible evaluation and monitoring of all clinically relevant aspects of this disease. The initial assessment should include confirmation of deficiency of beta-glucocerebrosidase, genotyping, and a complete family medical history. Other assessments to be performed initially and at regular intervals include a complete physical examination, patient-reported quality of life using the SF-36 survey, and assessment of hematologic (hemoglobin and platelet count), visceral, and skeletal involvement, and biomarkers. Specific radiologic imaging techniques are recommended for evaluating visceral and skeletal pathology. All patients should undergo comprehensive regular assessment, the frequency of which depends on treatment status and whether therapeutic goals have been achieved. Additionally, reassessment should be performed whenever enzyme therapy dose is altered, or in case of significant clinical complication.
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| 12. |
- Brunner, M, et al.
(författare)
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Ambient networks management challenges and approaches
- 2004
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Ingår i: MOBILITY AWARE TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS. - BERLIN : SPRINGER. - 3540234233 ; , s. 196-216
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- System management addresses the provision of functions required for controlling, planning, allocating, monitoring, and deploying the resources of a network and of its services in order to optimize its efficiency and productivity and to safeguard its operation. It is also an enabler for the creation and sustenance of new business models and value chains, reflecting the different roles the service providers and users of a network can assume. Ambient Network represents a new networking approach and it aims to enable the cooperation of heterogeneous networks, on demand and transparently, to the potential users, without the need for pre-configuration or offline negotiation between network operators. To achieve these goals, ambient network management systems have to become dynamic, adaptive, autonomic and responsive to the network and its ambience. This paper discusses relationships between the concepts of autonomous and self-manageability and those of ambient networking, and the challenges and benefits that arise from their employment.
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| 13. |
- Carolipio, E. M., et al.
(författare)
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The toroidicity-induced Alfven eigenmode structure in DIII-D : Implications of soft x-ray and beam-ion loss data
- 2001
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Ingår i: Physics of Plasmas. - : AIP Publishing. - 1070-664X .- 1089-7674. ; 8:7, s. 3391-3401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The internal structure of the toroidicity-induced Alfven eigenmode (TAE) is studied by comparing soft x-ray profile and beam ion loss data taken during TAE activity in the DIII-D tokamak [W. W. Heidbrink , Nucl. Fusion 37, 1411 (1997)] with predictions from theories based on ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), gyrofluid, and gyrokinetic models. The soft x-ray measurements indicate a centrally peaked eigenfunction, a feature which is closest to the gyrokinetic model's prediction. The beam ion losses are simulated using a guiding center code. In the simulations, the TAE eigenfunction calculated using the ideal MHD model acts as a perturbation to the equilibrium field. The predicted beam ion losses are an order of magnitude less than the observed similar to6%-8% losses at the peak experimental amplitude of deltaB(r)/B(0)similar or equal to2-5x10(-4).
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| 14. |
- Cheng, Q., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical epidemiology of Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults in Sweden 1996-97 : A prospective study
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 7:6, s. 685-692
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We described clinical manifestations, outcomes, prognostic indicators and clinico-epidemiological subgroups for 53 adult patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in Sweden during the period 1996-97. These patients were identified from a population of 2.8 million inhabitants and prospectively followed up for one year by a network of neurologists. An additional 10 cases, of whom five were adults who had not been prospectively followed up, were not included in the analyses. At 6 months after onset 80% of the patients could walk without aid, while at 1 year 46% were fully recovered, 42% had mild residual signs or symptoms, 4% had moderate and 6% severe disabilities, and 2% had died. Intravenous human immunoglobulin or plasmapheresis were used in 72% of the patients. The sum of the Medical Research Council (MRC) score at nadir was found as the only significant predictor for residual signs at 1 year in a multivariate model. Three subgroups, with different clinico-epidemiological characteristics, were identified by using cluster analysis. In conclusion, GBS in Sweden is frequently preceded by a respiratory infection, is often treated with immunomodulatory therapies, and exhibits a high recovery rate and a low fatality rate.
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| 21. |
- Fredrikson, S, et al.
(författare)
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Elevated suicide risk among patients with multiple sclerosis in Sweden
- 2003
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Ingår i: Neuroepidemiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0251-5350 .- 1423-0208. ; 22:2, s. 146-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results from previous studies of suicide risk among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are inconsistent. This may be explained partly by differences in methodology and study populations. The purpose of our study was to investigate suicide risk among hospital patients with MS in Sweden. During the period 1969–1996, 12,834 cases were recorded in the Swedish Hospital Inpatient Register, with 77,377 hospital admissions, in which MS was a primary or secondary diagnosis at discharge. The mean follow-up time for the whole cohort was 9.9 (SD 7.3) years. When the data for these MS patients were linked to the Swedish Causes of Death Register for the same period, 5,052 (39.4%) were found to have died. Among the 5,052 deaths, suicide was an underlying cause of death in 90 cases (1.8%). The mean period between the initial admission date with an MS diagnosis at discharge and the date of death for the 90 MS suicide cases was 5.8 (SD 5.1) years. This was significantly shorter (p = 0.002) than the mean of 7.9 (SD 6.4) years for MS cases who died due to other causes. Suicide risk, calculated as the standardized mortality ratio (SMR), was significantly elevated (SMR = 2.3) among both male and female MS cases compared with the general population. Suicide risk was particularly high in the first year after initial admission with an MS diagnosis, and among younger male MS cases. The mean age at the time of suicide was 44.5 (SD 12.4) years, and 58% of the suicides were committed within 5 years after the first admission with an MS diagnosis. The crude suicide rate among MS patients during the study period was 71 per 100,000 person-years. The rate was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in males (114) than in females (47), with an odds ratio of 2.4 (95% CI: 1.6–3.8). These findings have implications for suicide preventive measures in neurological practice.
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| 22. |
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| 25. |
- Lal, MA, et al.
(författare)
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Combined antioxidant and COMT inhibitor treatment reverses renal abnormalities in diabetic rats
- 2000
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 49:8, s. 1381-1389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development and progression of diabetic nephropathy is dependent on glucose homeostasis and many other contributing factors. In the present study, we examined the effect of nitecapone, an inhibitor of the dopamine-metabolizing enzyme catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) and a potent antioxidant, on functional and cellular determinants of renal function in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Administration of nitecapone to diabetic rats normalized urinary sodium excretion in a manner consistent with the dopamine-dependent inhibition of proximal tubule Na,K-ATPase activity. Hyperfiltration, focal glomerulosclerosis, and albuminuria were also reversed by nitecapone, but in a manner that is more readily attributed to the antioxidant potential of the agent. A pattern of elevated oxidative stress, measured as CuZn superoxide dismutase gene expression and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance content, was noted in diabetic rats, and both parameters were normalized by nitecapone treatment. In diabetic rats, activation of glomerular protein kinase C (PKC) was confirmed by isoform-specific translocation and Ser23 phosphorylation of the PKC substrate Na,K-ATPase. PKC-dependent changes in Na,K-ATPase phosphorylation were associated with decreased glomerular Na,K-ATPase activity. Nitecapone-treated diabetic rats were protected from these intracellular modifications. The combined results suggest that the COMT-inhibitory and antioxidant properties of nitecapone provide a protective therapy against the development of diabetic nephropathy.
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| 26. |
- Palmieri, C, et al.
(författare)
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The expression of oestrogen receptor (ER)-beta and its variants, but not ERalpha, in adult human mammary fibroblasts
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of molecular endocrinology. - : Bioscientifica. - 0952-5041 .- 1479-6813. ; 33:1, s. 35-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whilst oestrogen receptor (ER)-alpha and ERbeta have been shown to be important in the development of the mammary gland, the cell-specific expression pattern of these two receptors within the human breast is not clear. Although it is well established that in the developing rodent mammary gland stromal ERalpha mediates the secretion of growth factors which stimulate the proliferation of the ductal epithelium, the expression of ERalpha in human adult breast stromal fibroblasts is controversial, and the expression of ERbeta has not been properly defined. In the present study, we have evaluated the expression of ERalpha and ERbeta by immunohistochemistry in normal tissue samples, and in purified human breast fibroblasts by Western blotting, RT-PCR analysis and ligand-binding sucrose gradient assay. Our data clearly demonstrated that ERbeta variants, including ERbeta1, ERbeta2, ERbeta5, ERbetadelta and ERbetains, but not ERalpha, are expressed in human adult mammary fibroblasts. These results are supported by the findings that an ERbeta-selective ligand, BAG, but not the ERalpha high-affinity ligand oestradiol, can induce fibroblast growth factor-7 release and activate transcription from an oestrogen-responsive element promoter in these adult human mammary fibroblasts. Together, these observations revealed that, in the adult breast and in breast cancer, the proliferative signals derived from the stroma of adult mammary glands in response to oestrogen are not mediated by ERalpha and provide new insights into the nature of stromal-epithelial interactions in the adult mammary gland. In addition, the expression of these ERbeta variants in cells where there is no ERalpha suggested that these ERbeta splice forms may have functions other than that of modulating ERalpha activity.
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| 27. |
- Sandgren, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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The human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 transfers extracellular DNA plasmid to the nuclear compartment of mammalian cells via lipid rafts and proteoglycan-dependent endocytosis
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 279:17, s. 17951-17956
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimicrobial peptides, such as LL-37, are found both in nonvertebrates and vertebrates, where they represent important components of innate immunity. Bacterial infections at epithelial surfaces are associated with substantial induction of LL-37 expression, which allows efficient lysis of the invading microbes. Peptide-mediated lysis results in the release of bacterial nucleic acids with potential pathobiological activity in the host. Here, we demonstrate that LL-37 targets extracellular DNA plasmid to the nuclear compartment of mammalian cells, where it is expressed. DNA transfer occurred at physiological LL-37 concentrations that killed bacterial cells, whereas virtually no cytotoxic or growth-inhibitory effects were observed in mammalian cells. Furthermore, LL-37 protected DNA from serum nuclease degradation. LL-37.DNA complex uptake was a saturable time- and temperature-dependent process and was sensitive to cholesterol-depleting agents that are known to disrupt lipid rafts and caveolae, as shown by flow cytometry. Confocal fluorescence microscopy studies showed localization of internalized DNA to compartments stained by cholera toxin B, a marker of lipid rafts, but failed to demonstrate any co-localization of internalized DNA with caveolin-positive endocytotic vesicles. Moreover, LL-37-mediated plasmid uptake and reporter gene expression were strictly dependent on cell surface proteoglycans. We conclude that the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 binds to, protects, and efficiently targets DNA plasmid to the nuclei of mammalian cells through caveolae-independent membrane raft endocytosis and cell surface proteoglycans.
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| 28. |
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| 30. |
- Zhang, WH, et al.
(författare)
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Update on estrogen signaling
- 2003
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Ingår i: FEBS letters. - 0014-5793. ; 546:1, s. 17-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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