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1.
  • Christesen, Henrik Thybo, et al. (författare)
  • Tissue variations of mosaic genome-wide paternal uniparental disomy and phenotype of multi-syndromal congenital hyperinsulinism
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Medical Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1769-7212 .- 1878-0849. ; 63:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Mosaic genome-wide paternal uniparental disomy (GW-pUPD) is a rarely recognised disorder. The phenotypic manifestations of multilocus imprinting defects (MLIDs) remain unclear. We report of an apparently non-syndromic infant with severe congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) and diffuse pancreatic labelling by 18F*-DOPA-PET/CT leading to near-total pancreatectomy. The histology was atypical with pronounced proliferation of endocrine cells comprising >70% of the pancreatic tissue and a small pancreatoblastoma. Routine genetic analysis for CHI was normal in the blood and resected pancreatic tissue. At two years’ age, Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) stigmata emerged, and at five years a liver tumour with focal nodular hyperplasia and an adrenal tumour were resected. pUPD was detected in 11p15 and next in the entire chromosome 11 with microsatellite markers. Quantitative fluorescent PCR with amplification of chromosome-specific DNA sequences for chromosomes 13, 18, 21 and X indicated GW-pUPD. A next generation sequencing panel with 303 SNPs on 21 chromosomes showed pUPD in both blood and pancreatic tissue. The mosaic distribution of GW-pUPD ranged from 31 to 35% in blood and buccal swap to 74% in the resected pancreas, 80% in a non-tumour liver biopsy, and 100% in the liver focal nodular hyperplasia and adrenal tumour. MLID features included transient conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia and lack of macrosomia from BWS (pUPD6); and behavioural and psychomotor manifestations of Angelman Syndrome (pUPD15) on follow-up. In conclusion, atypical pancreatic histology in apparently non-syndromic severe CHI patients may be the first clue to BWS and multi-syndromal CHI from GW-pUPD. Variations in the degree of mosaicism between tissues explained the phenotype.
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2.
  • Kanoni, Stavroula, et al. (författare)
  • Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis.
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Genome biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1474-760X .- 1465-6906 .- 1474-7596. ; 23:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery.To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N=1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3-5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism.Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.
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3.
  • Skotte, Line, et al. (författare)
  • Genome-wide association study of febrile seizures implicates fever response and neuronal excitability genes
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Brain. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0006-8950 .- 1460-2156. ; 145:2, s. 555-568
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Febrile seizures represent the most common type of pathological brain activity in young children and are influenced by genetic, environmental and developmental factors. In a minority of cases, febrile seizures precede later development of epilepsy. We conducted a genome-wide association study of febrile seizures in 7635 cases and 83 966 controls identifying and replicating seven new loci, all with P < 5 × 10-10. Variants at two loci were functionally related to altered expression of the fever response genes PTGER3 and IL10, and four other loci harboured genes (BSN, ERC2, GABRG2, HERC1) influencing neuronal excitability by regulating neurotransmitter release and binding, vesicular transport or membrane trafficking at the synapse. Four previously reported loci (SCN1A, SCN2A, ANO3 and 12q21.33) were all confirmed. Collectively, the seven novel and four previously reported loci explained 2.8% of the variance in liability to febrile seizures, and the single nucleotide polymorphism heritability based on all common autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms was 10.8%. GABRG2, SCN1A and SCN2A are well-established epilepsy genes and, overall, we found positive genetic correlations with epilepsies (rg = 0.39, P = 1.68 × 10-4). Further, we found that higher polygenic risk scores for febrile seizures were associated with epilepsy and with history of hospital admission for febrile seizures. Finally, we found that polygenic risk of febrile seizures was lower in febrile seizure patients with neuropsychiatric disease compared to febrile seizure patients in a general population sample. In conclusion, this largest genetic investigation of febrile seizures to date implicates central fever response genes as well as genes affecting neuronal excitability, including several known epilepsy genes. Further functional and genetic studies based on these findings will provide important insights into the complex pathophysiological processes of seizures with and without fever.
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4.
  • Adler, Sven, et al. (författare)
  • Ny design för riktade naturtypsinventeringar inom NILS och THUF
  • 2020
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Den här rapporten beskriver:  Ett generellt ramverk för nationella inventeringar där det går att komplettera utifrån nya behov på såväl nationell som regional nivå inom samma stickprovsdesign.  Samma skattningsförfarande och skattningsalgoritmer på både nationell och regional nivå samt vid olika tätheter på stickprovet.  Ett stort stickprov, med många rutor i stickprovet, vilket ger statistisk styrka vid skattningarna av t.ex. arealer, även för relativt ovanliga naturtyper.  Ett balanserat stickprov, bland annat med NMD som stödunderlag, vilket ger bättre skattningar än ett icke-balanserat stickprov.  Att relativt ovanliga naturtyper och naturtyper som förekommer geografiskt samlat kommer att kunna fångas upp med geografiskt riktade förtätningar.  Att vanliga fenomen inventeras med ett glest stickprov.  Extra stor fördel för naturtyper där många rutor går att exkludera från fältbesök genom modellering och inventering i ortofoto. En sådan naturtypsgrupp är gräsmarker, där det dessutom ännu saknas en nationell inventering.  Fortsatt samarbete med NMD där de data som samlas in i de nya inventeringarna kommer att kunna bidra både som träningsdata i utvecklingen av NMD och till att verifiera NMD.  Mer tids- och kostnadseffektiva inventeringar exempelvis: o Många rutor behöver aldrig besökas i fält eftersom det genom modellering och inventering i ortofoto går att utesluta att de har de eftersökta naturtyperna. Sådana rutor bidrar till en högre precision för skattningarna. o Ortofoton används för att hålla nere kostnaden för bilder och bildhantering. o De mindre 1 km × 1 km-rutorna underlättar fältlogistiken. o Den nya designen är flexibel. Det går att anpassa stickprovet efter den budget som erhålls och genom simuleringar kan vi uppskatta hur stor påverkan på skattningar en minskning eller ökning av stickprovet kan komma att ha. o Eftersom designen bygger på ett tätt, nationellt, stickprov så kommer ytterligare inventeringar kunna läggas till lövskogs- och gräsmarksinventeringarna med samordningsvinster (t.ex. inventeringar av linjeobjekt, pollinatörer och våtmarker).
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5.
  • Adler, Sven, et al. (författare)
  • Utvärdering av NILS fjällinventering 2021
  • 2022
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • I rapporten beskriver vi den nya designen för NILS fjällinventeringen 2021. Inventeringen använder en balanserad tvåfas-stickprovsdesign som i grunden bygger på NILS löv- och gräsmarksinventeringar. Till skillnad mot NILS löv- och gräsmarksinventeringar använder vi inte flygbildstolkning för att styra urvalet av fältprovytor, istället använder vi satellitbildsinformation tillsammans med LIDAR-data som kombineras i matematiska modeller. Syftet med förändringarna är främst att skapa ett bättre dataunderlag för Artikel 17-rapportering till EU:s art- och habitatdirektiv jämfört med den information som erhållits från tidigare NILS basinventerings utlägg i fjällregionen. I rapporten visas att vi kommer att uppfylla Naturvårdsverkets krav för kvalitén av annex 1-naturtyper i relation till arealskattningar, upptäckbara förändringar samt att vi har samlat in fler variabler och information om artförekomst för statusbedömningen av annex 1-naturtyper. Utöver en ökad datakvalité för annex 1-naturtyper kan vi även redovisa andra variabler med en högre detaljnivå om fjällens tillstånd och förändringar, t.ex. arealskattningar för olika myrtyper, snölegor, substratmarker, förekomst av skräp, mänskligt tramp och renspillning. Med utgångspunkt från erfarenheterna vi gjort under 2021 identifierar vi förbättringsmöjligheter inför fältsäsongen 2022 för att få en ännu mer stabil och hållbar fjällinventering.
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6.
  • Alzuhairi, Karam Sadoon, et al. (författare)
  • Sub-acute cardiac magnetic resonance to predict irreversible reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction : A DANAMI-3 sub-study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273. ; 301, s. 215-219
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims: To predict irreversible reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) during admission for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in addition to classical clinical parameters. Irreversible reduction in LVEF is an important prognostic factor after STEMI which necessitates medical therapy and implantation of prophylactic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Methods and results: A post-hoc analysis of DANAMI-3 trial program (Third DANish Study of Optimal Acute Treatment of Patients With ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction) which recruited 649 patients who had CMR performed during index hospitalization and after 3 months. Patients were divided into two groups according to CMR-LVEF at 3 months: Group 1 with LVEF≤35% and Group 2 with LVEF>35%. Group 1 included 15 patients (2.3%) while Group 2 included 634 patients (97.7%). A multivariate analysis showed that: Killip class >1 (OR 7.39; CI:1.47–36.21, P = 0.01), symptom onset-to-wire ≥6 h (OR 7.19; CI 1.07–50.91, P = 0.04), LVEF≤35% using index echocardiography (OR 7.11; CI: 1.27–47.43, P = 0.03), and infarct size ≥40% of LV on index CMR (OR 42.62; CI:7.83–328.29, P < 0.001) independently correlated with a final LVEF≤35%. Clinical models consisted of these parameters could identify 7 out of 15 patients in Group 1 with 100% positive predictive value. Conclusion: Together with other clinical measurements, the assessment of infarct size using late Gadolinium enhancement by CMR during hospitalization is a strong predictor of irreversible reduction in CMR_LVEF ≤35. That could potentially, after validation with future research, aids the selection and treatment of high-risk patients after STEMI, including implantation of prophylactic ICD during index hospitalization.
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7.
  • Andersen, Henrik L., et al. (författare)
  • Local and long-range atomic/magnetic structure of non-stoichiometric spinel iron oxide nanocrystallites
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: IUCrJ. - 2052-2525. ; 8, s. 33-45
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Spinel iron oxide nanoparticles of different mean sizes in the range 10-25 nm have been prepared by surfactant-free up-scalable near- and super-critical hydrothermal synthesis pathways and characterized using a wide range of advanced structural characterization methods to provide a highly detailed structural description. The atomic structure is examined by combined Rietveld analysis of synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data and time-of-flight neutron powder-diffraction (NPD) data. The local atomic ordering is further analysed by pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of both X-ray and neutron total-scattering data. It is observed that a non-stoichiometric structural model based on a tetragonal γ-Fe2O3 phase with vacancy ordering in the structure (space group P43212) yields the best fit to the PXRD and total-scattering data. Detailed peak-profile analysis reveals a shorter coherence length for the superstructure, which may be attributed to the vacancy-ordered domains being smaller than the size of the crystallites and/or the presence of anti-phase boundaries, faulting or other disorder effects. The intermediate stoichiometry between that of γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 is confirmed by refinement of the Fe/O stoichiometry in the scattering data and quantitative analysis of Mössbauer spectra. The structural characterization is complemented by nano/micro-structural analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), elemental mapping using scanning TEM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and the measurement of macroscopic magnetic properties using vibrating sample magnetometry. Notably, no evidence is found of a Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3 core-shell nanostructure being present, which had previously been suggested for non-stoichiometric spinel iron oxide nanoparticles. Finally, the study is concluded using the magnetic PDF (mPDF) method to model the neutron total-scattering data and determine the local magnetic ordering and magnetic domain sizes in the iron oxide nanoparticles. The mPDF data analysis reveals ferrimagnetic collinear ordering of the spins in the structure and the magnetic domain sizes to be ∼60-70% of the total nanoparticle sizes. The present study is the first in which mPDF analysis has been applied to magnetic nanoparticles, establishing a successful precedent for future studies of magnetic nanoparticles using this technique.
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8.
  • Arahal, David, et al. (författare)
  • The best of both worlds: a proposal for further integration of Candidatus names into the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. - 1466-5026 .- 1466-5034. ; 74:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The naming of prokaryotes is governed by the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) and partially by the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants (ICN). Such codes must be able to determine names of taxa in a universal and unambiguous manner, thus serving as a common language across different fields and activities. This unity is undermined when a new code of nomenclature emerges that overlaps in scope with an established, time-tested code and uses the same format of names but assigns different nomenclatural status values to the names. The resulting nomenclatural confusion is not beneficial to the wider scientific community. Such ambiguity is expected to result from the establishment of the ‘Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes Described from DNA Sequence Data’ (‘SeqCode’), which is in general and specific conflict with the ICNP and the ICN. Shortcomings in the interpretation of the ICNP may have exacerbated the incompatibility between the codes. It is reiterated as to why proposals to accept sequences as nomenclatural types of species and subspecies with validly published names, now implemented in the SeqCode, have not been implemented by the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP), which oversees the ICNP. The absence of certain regulations from the ICNP for the naming of as yet uncultivated prokaryotes is an acceptable scientific argument, although it does not justify the establishment of a separate code. Moreover, the proposals rejected by the ICSP are unnecessary to adequately regulate the naming of uncultivated prokaryotes. To provide a better service to the wider scientific community, an alternative proposal to emend the ICNP is presented, which would result in Candidatus names being regulated analogously to validly published names. This proposal is fully consistent with previous ICSP decisions, preserves the essential unity of nomenclature and avoids the expected nomenclatural confusion.
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9.
  • Christensen, Alex Hørby, et al. (författare)
  • Complications of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator treatment in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Europace. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1099-5129 .- 1532-2092. ; 24:2, s. 306-312
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims: Treatment with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) is a cornerstone for prevention of sudden cardiac death in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). We aimed at describing the complications associated with ICD treatment in a multinational cohort with long-term follow-up. Methods and results: The Nordic ARVC registry was established in 2010 and encompasses a large multinational cohort of ARVC patients, including their clinical characteristics, treatment, and events during follow-up. We included 299 patients (66% males, median age 41 years). During a median follow-up of 10.6 years, 124 (41%) patients experienced appropriate ICD shock therapy, 28 (9%) experienced inappropriate shocks, 82 (27%) had a complication requiring surgery (mainly lead-related, n = 75), and 99 (33%) patients experienced the combined endpoint of either an inappropriate shock or a surgical complication. The crude rate of first inappropriate shock was 3.4% during the first year after implantation but decreased after the first year and plateaued over time. Contrary, the risk of a complication requiring surgery was 5.5% the first year and remained high throughout the study period. The combined risk of any complication was 7.9% the first year. In multivariate cox regression, presence of atrial fibrillation/flutter was a risk factor for inappropriate shock (P < 0.05), whereas sex, age at implant, and device type were not (all P > 0.05). Conclusion: Forty-one percent of ARVC patients treated with ICD experienced potentially life-saving ICD therapy during long-term follow-up. A third of the patients experienced a complication during follow-up with lead-related complications constituting the vast majority.
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10.
  • Christensen, Alex Hörby, et al. (författare)
  • Genotype-phenotype correlation in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy-risk of arrhythmias and heart failure.
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of medical genetics. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1468-6244 .- 0022-2593.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is predominantly caused by desmosomal genetic variants, and clinical hallmarks include arrhythmias and systolic dysfunction. We aimed at studying the impact of the implicated gene(s) on the disease course.The Nordic ARVC Registry holds data on a multinational cohort of ARVC families. The effects of genotype on electrocardiographic features, imaging findings and clinical events were analysed.We evaluated 419 patients (55% men), with a mean follow-up of 11.2±7.4 years. A pathogenic desmosomal variant was identified in 62% of the 230 families: PKP2 in 41%, DSG2 in 13%, DSP in 7% and DSC2 in 3%. Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤45% on cardiac MRI was more frequent among patients with DSC2/DSG2/DSP than PKP2 ARVC (27% vs 4%, p<0.01). In contrast, in Cox regression modelling of patients with definite ARVC, we found a higher risk of arrhythmias among PKP2 than DSC2/DSG2/DSP carriers: HR 0.25 (0.10-0.68, p<0.01) for atrial fibrillation/flutter, HR 0.67 (0.44-1.0, p=0.06) for ventricular arrhythmias and HR 0.63 (0.42-0.95, p<0.05) for any arrhythmia. Gene-negative patients had an intermediate risk (16%) of LVEF ≤45% and a risk of the combined arrhythmic endpoint comparable with DSC2/DSG2/DSP carriers. Male sex was a risk factor for both arrhythmias and reduced LVEF across all genotype groups (p<0.01).In this large cohort of ARVC families with long-term follow-up, we found PKP2 genotype to be more arrhythmic than DSC2/DSG2/DSP or gene-negative carrier status, whereas reduced LVEF was mostly seen among DSC2/DSG2/DSP carriers. Male sex was associated with a more severe phenotype.
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11.
  • Christensen, Alex Horby, et al. (författare)
  • Genotype-phenotype correlation in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy-risk of arrhythmias and heart failure
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Medical Genetics. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0022-2593 .- 1468-6244. ; 59:9, s. 858-864
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is predominantly caused by desmosomal genetic variants, and clinical hallmarks include arrhythmias and systolic dysfunction. We aimed at studying the impact of the implicated gene(s) on the disease course. Methods The Nordic ARVC Registry holds data on a multinational cohort of ARVC families. The effects of genotype on electrocardiographic features, imaging findings and clinical events were analysed. Results We evaluated 419 patients (55% men), with a mean follow-up of 11.2 +/- 7.4 years. A pathogenic desmosomal variant was identified in 62% of the 230 families: PKP2 in 41%, DSG2 in 13%, DSP in 7% and DSC2 in 3%. Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <= 45% on cardiac MRI was more frequent among patients with DSC2/DSG2/DSP than PKP2 ARVC (27% vs 4%, p<0.01). In contrast, in Cox regression modelling of patients with definite ARVC, we found a higher risk of arrhythmias among PKP2 than DSC2/DSG2/DSP carriers: HR 0.25 (0.10-0.68, p<0.01) for atrial fibrillation/flutter, HR 0.67 (0.44-1.0, p=0.06) for ventricular arrhythmias and HR 0.63 (0.42-0.95, p<0.05) for any arrhythmia. Gene-negative patients had an intermediate risk (16%) of LVEF <= 45% and a risk of the combined arrhythmic endpoint comparable with DSC2/DSG2/DSP carriers. Male sex was a risk factor for both arrhythmias and reduced LVEF across all genotype groups (p<0.01). Conclusion In this large cohort of ARVC families with long-term follow-up, we found PKP2 genotype to be more arrhythmic than DSC2/DSG2/DSP or gene-negative carrier status, whereas reduced LVEF was mostly seen among DSC2/DSG2/DSP carriers. Male sex was associated with a more severe phenotype.
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12.
  • Christensen, Diana Hedevang, et al. (författare)
  • Type 2 diabetes classification : a data-driven cluster study of the Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2) cohort
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care. - : BMJ. - 2052-4897. ; 10:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction A Swedish data-driven cluster study identified four distinct type 2 diabetes (T2D) clusters, based on age at diagnosis, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, and homeostatic model assessment 2 (HOMA2) estimates of insulin resistance and beta-cell function. A Danish study proposed three T2D phenotypes (insulinopenic, hyperinsulinemic, and classical) based on HOMA2 measures only. We examined these two new T2D classifications using the Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes cohort. Research design and methods In 3529 individuals, we first performed a k-means cluster analysis with a forced k-value of four to replicate the Swedish clusters: severe insulin deficient (SIDD), severe insulin resistant (SIRD), mild age-related (MARD), and mild obesity-related (MOD) diabetes. Next, we did an analysis open to alternative k-values (ie, data determined the optimal number of clusters). Finally, we compared the data-driven clusters with the three Danish phenotypes. Results Compared with the Swedish findings, the replicated Danish SIDD cluster included patients with lower mean HbA1c (86 mmol/mol vs 101 mmol/mol), and the Danish MOD cluster patients were less obese (mean BMI 32 kg/m 2 vs 36 kg/m 2). Our data-driven alternative k-value analysis suggested the optimal number of T2D clusters in our data to be three, rather than four. When comparing the four replicated Swedish clusters with the three proposed Danish phenotypes, 81%, 79%, and 69% of the SIDD, MOD, and MARD patients, respectively, fitted the classical T2D phenotype, whereas 70% of SIRD patients fitted the hyperinsulinemic phenotype. Among the three alternative data-driven clusters, 60% of patients in the most insulin-resistant cluster constituted 76% of patients with a hyperinsulinemic phenotype. Conclusion Different HOMA2-based approaches did not classify patients with T2D in a consistent manner. The T2D classes characterized by high insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia appeared most distinct.
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13.
  • Christensen, Henrik Serup, et al. (författare)
  • Unequal inequalities? How participatory inequalities affect democratic legitimacy
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: European Political Science Review. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1755-7739 .- 1755-7747. ; 15:1, s. 19-38
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Democratic theorists have long emphasized the importance of participatory equality, that is, that all citizens should have an equal right to participate. It is still unclear, however, whether ordinary citizens view this principle as central to democracy and how different violations of this principle affect subjective democratic legitimacy. The attitudes of citizens are imperative when it comes to the subjective legitimacy of democratic systems, and it is therefore important to examine how participatory inequalities affect these attitudes. We here contribute to this research agenda with survey experiments embedded in two surveys (n = 324, n = 840). We here examine (1) whether citizens consider participatory inequality to be an important democratic principle, and (2) how gender and educational inequalities affect subjective legitimacy and the perceived usefulness of the participatory input. The results show that citizens generally consider participatory inequalities to be important, but only gender inequalities affect subjective legitimacy and usefulness. Hence it is important to consider the type of inequality to understand the implications.
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14.
  • Christensen, Henrik, 1984- (författare)
  • We Call upon the Author : Contemporary Biofiction and Fyodor Dostoevsky
  • 2021
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis studies fictional representations of Fyodor Dostoevsky in contemporary biofiction. The aim of the study is to present an intermedial theoretical framework for biofiction, a genre defined as fictional biographical and often metafictional narratives in which a biographical subject serves as the focal point for the story or plays a role integral to the narrative. Drawing on contributions from prior studies within different areas—biopics, the biographical novel, intermediality, transmedial narratology—the thesis identifies the most salient tenets of an increasingly important and ubiquitous genre—its fictional, intermedial, and metafictional properties—to suggest a medium-spanning definition. From this intermedial definition of the genre, it is suggested that biofiction studies should move beyond medium-specific analysis. By situating the genre firmly within the realm of fiction, the thesis underlines the fact that it is exactly the fictional element that allows the genre to open up important ways to engage with a certain biographical subject. Overall, the biofiction definition presented in the thesis is inspired by Jacques Derrida’s différance.Arguing that contemporary biofiction arose from the larger aporetic shift in theory and fiction in the 1960s, which was directed toward various presuppositions undergirding epistemological, metaphysical, and ontological projects, it is contended that biofiction fictionalizes subjects to engage with and reassess the assumptions that suffuse our understanding of the subject. From their metafictional perspective, biofictions also employ subjects for various purposes to interrogate contemporary issues. Biofictions are thus turned toward both a historical moment and its own contemporary context. Buttressed by the intermedial perspective, it is argued that biofictions often employ sustained intermedial strategies—for instance, intermedial references and formal imitation—to engage not only with artistic subjects such as Dostoevsky and their work but also with the premises of creating art.The thesis centers on five Dostoevsky biofictions within film and literature: Aleksandr Zarkhi’s biopic Twenty-Six Days from the Life of Dostoevsky (1980), Leonid Tsypkin’s novel Summer in Baden-Baden (1982), J. M. Coetzee’s novel The Master of Petersburg (1994), Lara Vapnyar’s novel Memoirs of a Muse (2006), and Vladimir Khotinenko’s television series Dostoevsky (2010). As contemporary biofictions, these fictional representations of Dostoevsky were all produced or written in the wake of the aforementioned aporetic shift and therefore comprise examples of the reflexive and metacritical form of biofiction that is discussed in the thesis. The inclusion of Dostoevsky biofictions is, in part, connected with the various critical perceptions of the writer; it is maintained that biofictions such as those analyzed in the thesis proffer new readings of issues that have been overlooked or have not received due attention, such as how Dostoevsky engaged with and augmented the rivalry polemics of his day; the ways in which his conceptualization of Russian identity rested as much on inclusion as exclusion; how Dostoevsky has been employed to propagate certain models of the muse, the genius, and canonicity; and how, in today’s Russia, the writer is employed to embody and express the hyperreal politics of Vladimir Putin’s administration.
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15.
  • Christensen, Sarah Friis, et al. (författare)
  • Healthcare resource utilization in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms: A Danish nationwide matched cohort study
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Haematology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0902-4441 .- 1600-0609.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Few studies have assessed healthcare resource utilization (HRU) in patients with Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) using a matched cohort design. Further, no detailed assessment of HRU in the years preceding an MPN diagnosis exists. We conducted a registry-based nationwide Danish cohort study, including patients with essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, myelofibrosis, and unclassifiable MPN diagnosed between January 2010 and December 2016. HRU data were summarized annually from 2 years before MPN diagnosis until emigration, death, or end of study (December 2017). We included 3342 MPN patients and 32 737 comparisons without an MPN diagnosis, matched on sex, age, region of residence, and level of education. During the study period, the difference in HRU (rate ratio) between patients and matched comparisons ranged from 1.0 to 1.5 for general practitioner contacts, 0.9 to 2.2 for hospitalizations, 0.9 to 3.8 for inpatient days, 1.0 to 4.0 for outpatient visits, 1.3 to 2.1 for emergency department visits, and 1.0 to 4.1 for treatments/examinations. In conclusion, MPN patients had overall higher HRU than the matched comparisons throughout the follow-up period (maximum 8 years). Further, MPN patients had substantially increased HRU in both the primary and secondary healthcare sector in the 2 years preceding the diagnosis.
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16.
  • Christensen, Sarah Friis, et al. (författare)
  • Labor Market Attachment in Patients with Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: A Nationwide Matched Cohort Study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 138:Suppl 1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are characterized by a substantial symptom burden, risk of debilitating complications (e.g., thrombosis), and increased comorbidity. Recently, three comprehensive questionnaire studies (Mesa 2016, Harrison 2017, Jingbo 2018) have reported a high impact of MPNs on patients' ability to work. However, no registry-based studies have assessed labor market attachment (LMA) of MPN patients and matched nonMPN comparisons.AIM: To assess the pre- and post-diagnostic LMA of MPN patients and matched nonMPN comparisons.METHODS: We conducted a descriptive, registry-based nationwide cohort study, using data from the Danish National Chronic Myeloid Neoplasia Registry including all Danish MPN patients diagnosed between January 2010 and December 2016. Population-based cohorts of nonMPN comparisons were constructed by 1:10 matching on age, sex, level of education, and region of residence. Data on LMA were retrieved from the Danish Register for Evaluation of Marginalization, which holds information on all public transfer payments in Denmark. Data were linked using the unique civil registration number, which identifies all Danish citizens. The LMA endpoints were defined for each individual as working (not receiving any type of transfer payment), unemployed, receiving transfer payment for either sick leave, disability pension, age pension, or other health-related benefits (e.g., wage-subsidized employment). We assessed LMA weekly for each individual from two years before diagnosis until death, emigration, or two years after the diagnosis. For each cohort, we presented LMA as proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), as well as the proportion of individuals who died during follow-up.RESULTS: The study included 3,342 MPN patients (1,140 essential thrombocythemia [ET]; 1,109 polycythemia vera [PV]; 533 myelofibrosis [MF]; and 560 unspecified MPN [MPN-U]) and 32,737 nonMPN comparisons (11,181 nonET; 10,873 nonPV; 5,217 nonPMF; and 5,466 nonMPN-U). The median age at time of diagnosis was: ET 67 years (interquartile range [IQR], 55-76); PV, 69 years (IQR, 61-77); PMF, 73 years (IQR, 66-79); and MPN-U, 72 years (IQR, 63-80).At time of MPN diagnosis, the majority of MPN patients and nonMPN comparisons received age pension (range: ET, 52.1% [95% CI, 49.2-55.0] to nonMF, 70.3% [95% CI, 69.1-71.6]). The proportions working were: ET, 35.1% (95% CI, 32.3-37.9) vs. nonET, 37.3% (95% CI, 36.5-38.2); PV, 22.6% (95% CI, 20.2-25.1) vs. nonPV, 30.8% (95% CI, 29.9-31.7); MF, 23.8% (95% CI, 20.2-27.4) vs. nonMF, 23.6% (95% CI, 22.5-24.8); and MPN-U, 22.1% (95% CI,18.7- 25.6) vs. nonMPN-U, 27.8% (95% CI, 26.6-29.0). Across MPN subtypes, a larger proportion of patients than comparisons were on sick leave: ET, 3.5% (95% CI, 2.4-4.6) vs. nonET, 1.3% (95% CI, 1.1-1.5); PV, 5.5% (95% CI, 4.2-6.8) vs. nonPV, 0.9% (95% CI, 0.7-1.1); MF (not applicable due to small numbers) vs. nonMF, 0.6% (95% CI, 0.4-0.8); and MPN-U, 3.0% (95% CI, 1.6- 4.5) vs. nonMPN-U, 1.0% (95% CI, 0.7-1.3). Regarding disability pension, the proportions ranged from 4.1% (95% CI, 2.4-5.8) to 5.0% (95% CI, 3.7-6.3) among patients and from 3.1% (95% CI, 2.6-3.6) to 4.7% (95% CI, 4.3-5.1) among comparisons. For both MPN patients and nonMPN comparisons, few were unemployed (≤3.3%) or received other health-related benefits (≤1.6%).Two years preceding diagnosis, the proportion of PV and MPN-U patients working was slightly lower than the matched comparisons: PV, 31.0% (95% CI, 28.4-33.8) vs. nonPV, 34.3% (95% CI, 33.5-35.2) and MPN-U, 28.2% (95% CI, 24.6-32.1) vs. nonMPN-U, 32.0% (95% CI, 30.7-33.2), while this difference was not observed between ET and MF patients and their respective comparisons.From two years before to two years after diagnosis, we observed slightly larger reductions in the proportion working among MPN patients than among comparisons. Among MPN patients, the proportion on sick leave including other health-related benefits, increased during the study period, while it remained unchanged among comparisons. The proportion of patients and comparisons on disability pension remained stable.CONCLUSION: Overall, our findings showed that Danish patients with ET, PV, MF, and MPN-U had slightly impaired LMA already two years before diagnosis and up to two years after diagnosis. Thus, fewer patients were working and more patients transferred to sick leave compared with matched individuals without MPN.
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17.
  • Christensen, Sarah, et al. (författare)
  • Healthcare resource utilization in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms: a nationwide matched cohort study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: HemaSphere. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 2572-9241. ; 5:S2, s. 529-530
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are associated with severe complications and a substantial symptom burden – frequently emerging several years before diagnosis. Due to the chronic nature ofthe diseases, MPN patients have a lifelong need for treatment and care. However, only few studies have assessed MPN healthcare resource utilization (HRU) compared with matched cohorts, and no detailed assessments of HRU in the years preceding MPN diagnosis exist.Aims: To assess the pre- and post-diagnostic HRU of MPN patients compared with matched cohorts of nonMPN comparisons.Methods: We conducted this descriptive, register-based nationwide cohort study, utilizing data from the Danish National Chronic Myeloid Neoplasia Registry on all MPN patients diagnosed between January 2010 and December 2016, and data on HRU from the Danish National Patient Registry and the Danish National Health Service Registry. Populationbased cohorts of nonMPN comparisons were constructed by 1:10 matchingon age, sex, level of education, and region of residence. Data were linkedusing the unique civil registration number, which identifies all Danish citizens. HRU was summarized over each year for all cohorts from twoyears before date of MPN diagnosis and until emigration, death, or endof study (31 December 2017). HRU was calculated as annual number ofhealthcare contacts (inpatient days, outpatient consultations, treatmentsand examinations, and general practitioner [GP] visits) divided by person-years at risk and compared using rate ratios with 95% CI.Results: The study population included 3,342 MPN patients (1,140 essential thrombocythemia [ET]; 1,109 polycythemia vera [PV]; 533 primary myelofibrosis [PMF]; and 560 unspecified MPN [MPN-U]) and 32,737 nonMPN comparisons (11,181 nonET; 10,873 nonPV; 5,217 nonPMF; and 5,466 nonMPN-U). The median age was 67 (ET), 69 (PV), 73 (PMF), and 72 years (MPN-U), and the mean follow-up was 3.8 (ET), 3.8(PV), 3.1 (PMF), and 3.3 years (MPN-U). A total of 750 (22.4%) MPNpatients and 4,627 (14.1%) nonMPN comparisons died during follow-up.In nearly all years of follow-up, MPN patients had a higher HRU thannonMPN comparisons (Figure, rate ratio>1). Rate ratios for outpatientconsultations were largest at the time of diagnosis: ET, 2.7 (95%CI, 2.6-2.9); PV, 3.4 (95%CI, 3.2-3.6); PMF, 4.0 (95%CI, 3.7-4.4); and MPN-U,3.7 (95%CI, 3.4-4.0). For most MPN subtypes, rate ratios also peaked attime of diagnosis for treatment and examinations. In contrast, the largest rate ratio for PV was in the last year of follow-up: 3.5 (95%CI, 2.8-4.3). Across MPN subtypes, rate ratios for GP visits varied from 1.0 to1.5 during follow-up without any considerable fluctuations. Interestingly, increased rate ratios for inpatients days were evident 2 years before diagnosis: ET, 1.8 (95%CI, 1.7-1.9); PV, 1.3, (95%CI, 1.2-1.3); PMF, 1.4(95%CI, 1.2-1.5); and MPN-U, 1.7 (95%CI, 1.6-1.9). During follow-up,notable increases in rate ratios were observed, e.g., PMF 3.0 (95%CI 2.4-3.6) and PV 3.8 (95%CI 3.0-4.8) in year 5 and 7, respectively.Summary/Conclusion: Overall, compared with matched nonMPN comparisons, MPN patients had a higher HRU throughout the study period. This was consistent across MPN subtypes and HRU measures. Within the limitations of small numbers toward end of follow-up and lack ofmatching on comorbidity, our findings confirmed a consistent HRU burden after MPN diagnosis. Equally important, our study revealed substantial increases in HRU two years before MPN diagnosis, warrantingfurther exploration of the pre-diagnostic period, including the potentialbenefits of early detection.
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18.
  • Christensen, Thorbjørn Erik Køppen, et al. (författare)
  • Flexible design in the stomatopod dactyl club
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: IUCrJ. - 2052-2525. ; 10:Pt 3, s. 288-296
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The stomatopod is a fascinating animal that uses its weaponized appendage dactyl clubs for breaking mollusc shells. Dactyl clubs are a well studied example of biomineralized hierarchical structures. Most research has focused on the regions close to the action, namely the impact region and surface composed of chitin and apatite crystallites. Further away from the site of impact, the club has lower mineralization and more amorphous phases; these areas have not been as actively studied as their highly mineralized counterparts. This work focuses on the side of the club, in what is known as the periodic and striated regions. A combination of laboratory micro-computed tomography, synchrotron X-ray diffraction mapping and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence mapping has shown that the mineral in this region undergoes the transition from an amorphous to a crystalline phase in some, but not all, clubs. This means that this side region can be mineralized by either an amorphous phase, calcite crystallites or a mixture of both. It was found that when larger calcite crystallites form, they are organized (textured) with respect to the chitin present in this biocomposite. This suggests that chitin may serve as a template for crystallization when the side of the club is fully mineralized. Further, calcite crystallites were found to form as early as 1 week after moulting of the club. This suggests that the side of the club is designed with a significant safety margin that allows for a variety of phases, i.e. the club can function independently of whether the side region has a crystalline or amorphous mineral phase.
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19.
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20.
  • Gäddman Johansson, Richard (författare)
  • Managing Vulnerability : Everyday Interaction in Sheltered Accommodations
  • 2021
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The purpose of this dissertation is to develop our understanding of the performance and management of vulnerability in social interaction. The term vulnerability is used frequently within a wide range of scholarly fields, however common conceptions of vulnerability have been criticized for containing normative assumptions about our propensities for being exposed to and capabilities for dealing with adverse events and experiences. Through ethnographic investigations carried out in sheltered accommodations for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Sweden, the dissertation seeks to challenge how scholarship on care and disability has approached matters of vulnerability. The analysis shows that vulnerability was performed in two distinct overarching forms: 1) vulnerability related to “situational uncertainty” perceived as a threat to individuals’ health and personal safety and 2) vulnerability related to “ritual automatization” perceived as a threat to individuals’ personal freedom and well-being. The study found that pervasive institutional demands for transparency, accountability, uniformity and self-monitoring were loudly echoed to be the formally sanctioned best course of action for managing vulnerability in the context of sheltered accommodations. However, the analysis suggests that these types of strategies only address vulnerabilities related to situational uncertainty, whereas they may do more to exaggerate vulnerabilities related to ritual automatization. By performing and managing vulnerability, service users and support workers participated in “interaction rituals” with socially stratifying effects based on the individuals’ perceived or assumed competences. By considering the positions, relationships, and encounters between service users and support workers who engage on an everyday basis in sheltered accommodations which are conceptualized as “vulnerability-based” and “chimeric” interventions for care and service provision, the dissertation opens new perspectives on the performance and management of vulnerability in social interaction.
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21.
  • Hedenås, Henrik, et al. (författare)
  • Vad klarar vår nya stickprovsdesign? : NILS gräsmarks- och lövskogsinventeringar 2020
  • 2022
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Inventeringarna fältsäsongen 2020 genomfördes som ett storskaligt test av en ny stickprovsdesign, med nyutvecklad flygbilds- och fältinventering. Fokus för inventeringarna var att bidra till nationellt heltäckande data för naturtyper som hittills saknat det. Bristen på data har framförallt gällt naturtyper med höga naturvärden (annex 1-naturtyper) men inkluderar även en del vanligare naturtyper. Det första årets inventeringar inbegrep en läroprocess för att dimensionera inventeringarnas stickprovsstorlekar med hänsyn till flygbilds- och fältinventeringsmetodik, budget och att få in data på ovanliga naturtyper. Insamlade data användes för att göra skattningar och variansberäkningar vilka i sin tur utgjorde ett underlag för bedömningar av vilka justeringar i metodik som kunde behöva göras kommande år. Analyserna av data från 2020-års inventeringar visade även hur flexibiliteten i stickprovsdesignen gick att använda för att göra regionala förtätningar utifrån behov. Eftersom t.ex. skattningsalgoritmer och databas fanns på plats samma år kunde vi göra skattningar på både nationell och regional nivå direkt efter avslutad fältsäsong. I och med att vi tar fram skattningar i den här rapporten visar vi att alla steg är på plats i ett fungerande system som kan producera användbara resultat i relation till inventeringens syfte. Resultatet från 2020-års inventeringar visar att det går att inventera relativt ovanliga naturtyper, som ädellövskogar, och vanliga naturtyper som lövdominerad taiga och vägrenar inom samma generella ramverk. Det visar också att dimensioneringen av inventeringarna var tillräcklig för att vi skulle kunna beräkna arealer med önskvärd precision för flera av artikel 17-naturtyperna. För många av naturtyperna behöver vi förtäta stickprovet, i förhållande till det vi använde 2020, för att kunna detektera förändringar med efterfrågad styrka. Vi gjorde arealskattningar som hade bra precision både för vanliga naturtyper, t.ex. triviallövskogar och öppna kultiverade betesmarker (förväntade relativa medelfel om 12 % respektive 10 % efter fem år), och ovanligare naturtyper, t.ex. ädellövskogar (9020, 9160, 9190) och silikatgräsmarker (6270) (förväntat relativt medelfel om 22 % respektive 15 % efter fem år). Med hjälp av dessa data utvärderade vi 2020-års stickprovsnivåer utifrån de ambitionsnivåer som föreslås av Naturvårdsverket (Jacobson 2010). Möjligheten till att detektera förändringar beror till stor del på hur variabeln korrelerar mellan de två inventeringstillfällena som förändringen mäts och det relativa medelfelet för skattningarna. En hög korrelation och ett lågt relativt medelfel för tillståndsskattningarna ökar möjligheten att upptäcka förändringar. För de vanligare naturtyperna uppnådde vi detta redan med nuvarande dimensionering. För att kunna detektera förändringar över tid med god precision även för de sällsynta naturtyperna med höga naturvärden, skulle vi behöva öka stickprovet ytterligare för flera av dem. Vid en jämförelse med skattade lövskogsnaturtyper baserade på data från Riksskogstaxeringen kan vi dra slutsatsen att data från NILS lövskogsinventering behövs för att uppnå målet att arealskattningarna ska ha relativa medelfel på 20 % eller mindre. Den nya småprovytemetodik som infördes i gräsmarks- och lövskogsinventeringarna 2020 resulterade i att vi registrerade ungefär tre gånger så många arter i snitt per provyta, i fält- och bottenskikt, jämfört med den metodik som användes i NILS basinventering 2003–2020. Resultatet speglar både att storleken på ytan där arter inventeras har ökat och att fler arter lagts till i jämförelse med den lista som användes i NILS basinventering. Vår slutsats är att den nya stickprovsdesignen ger oss ett flexibelt och effektivt verktyg som, med justering av dimensioneringen, kommer att kunna ge oss både tillförlitliga skattningar av samtliga eftersökta naturtypsförekomster och goda möjligheter att detektera förändringar över tid. Redan efter ett år hade vi kommit långt och med fortsatt utveckling av inventeringarna har vi goda förutsättningar att möta både nuvarande och framtida krav för såväl internationell som nationell och regional miljöanalys.
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22.
  • Jensen, Alexander Bernthz, et al. (författare)
  • Very large-scale diffraction investigations enabled by a matrix-multiplication facilitated radial and azimuthal integration algorithm : MatFRAIA
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - 1600-5775. ; 29, s. 1420-1428
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • As synchrotron facilities continue to generate increasingly brilliant X-rays and detector speeds increase, swift data reduction from the collected area detector images to more workable 1D diffractograms becomes of increasing importance. This work reports an integration algorithm that can integrate diffractograms in real time on modern laptops and can reach 10 kHz integration speeds on modern workstations using an efficient pixel-splitting and parallelization scheme. This algorithm is limited not by the computation of the integration itself but is rather bottlenecked by the speed of the data transfer to the processor, the data decompression and/or the saving of results. The algorithm and its implementation is described while the performance is investigated on 2D scanning X-ray diffraction/fluorescence data collected at the interface between an implant and forming bone.
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23.
  • Kristensen, Frederik Pagh Bredahl, et al. (författare)
  • The Prevalence of Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Subgroups Based on HOMA2 Indices of b-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - 0149-5992. ; 46:8, s. 1546-1555
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome components may cumulatively increase the risk of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, driven by insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. We investigated the prevalence of DPN in three T2DM subgroups based on indices of b-cell function and insulin sensitivity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We estimated b-cell function (HOMA2-B) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-S) in 4,388 Danish patients with newly diagnosed T2DM. Patients were categorized into subgroups of hyperinsulinemic (high HOMA2-B, low HOMA2-S), classical (low HOMA2-B, low HOMA2-S), and insulinopenic (low HOMA2-B, high HOMA2-S) T2DM. After a median follow-up of 3 years, patients filled the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument questionnaire (MNSIq) to identify DPN (score ‡ 4). We used Poisson regression to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) for DPN, and spline models to examine the association with HOMA2-B and HOMA2-S. RESULTS A total of 3,397 (77%) patients filled in the MNSIq. The prevalence of DPN was 23% among hyperinsulinemic, 16% among classical, and 14% among insulinopenic pa-tients. After adjusting for demographics, diabetes duration and therapy, lifestyle behaviors, and metabolic syndrome components (waist circumference, triglycer-ides, HDL cholesterol, hypertension, and HbA1c), the PR of DPN was 1.35 (95% CI 1.15–1.57) for the hyperinsulinemic compared with the classical patients. In spline analyses, we observed a linear relation of higher DPN prevalence with increasing HOMA2-B, independent of both metabolic syndrome components and HOMA2-S. CONCLUSIONS Hyperinsulinemia marked by high HOMA2-B is likely an important risk factor for DPN beyond metabolic syndrome components and insulin resistance. This should be considered when developing interventions to prevent DPN.
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24.
  • Kunnus, Kristjan, et al. (författare)
  • Vibrational wavepacket dynamics in Fe carbene photosensitizer determined with femtosecond X-ray emission and scattering
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The non-equilibrium dynamics of electrons and nuclei govern the function of photoactive materials. Disentangling these dynamics remains a critical goal for understanding photoactive materials. Here we investigate the photoinduced dynamics of the [Fe(bmip)2]2+ photosensitizer, where bmip = 2,6-bis(3-methyl-imidazole-1-ylidine)-pyridine, with simultaneous femtosecond-resolution Fe Kα and Kβ X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and X-ray solution scattering (XSS). This measurement shows temporal oscillations in the XES and XSS difference signals with the same 278 fs period oscillation. These oscillations originate from an Fe-ligand stretching vibrational wavepacket on a triplet metal-centered (3MC) excited state surface. This 3MC state is populated with a 110 fs time constant by 40% of the excited molecules while the rest relax to a 3MLCT excited state. The sensitivity of the Kα XES to molecular structure results from a 0.7% average Fe-ligand bond length shift between the 1 s and 2p core-ionized states surfaces.
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25.
  • Lundmark, Evelina, 1985-, et al. (författare)
  • Editorial
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Religion, Media and Digital Culture. - : Brill Academic Publishers. - 2165-9214. ; 12:1, s. 1-4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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26.
  • Madsen, Jasmine Melissa, et al. (författare)
  • Clinical outcomes of no stenting in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing deferred primary percutaneous coronary intervention
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: EuroIntervention. - 1774-024X. ; 18:6, s. 482-491
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is treated with stenting, but the underlying stenosis is often not severe, and stenting may potentially be omitted. Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate outcomes of patients with STEMI treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) without stenting. Methods: Patients were identified through the DANAMI-3-DEFER study. Stenting was omitted in the patients with stable flow after initial PCI and no significant residual stenosis on the deferral procedure, who were randomised to deferred stenting. These patients were compared to patients randomised to conventional PCI treated with immediate stenting. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction (MI), and target vessel revascularisation (TVR). Results: Of 603 patients randomised to deferred stenting, 84 were treated without stenting, and in patients randomised to conventional PCI (n=612), 590 were treated with immediate stenting. Patients treated with no stenting had a median stenosis of 40%, median vessel diameter of 2.9 mm, and median lesion length of 11.4 mm. During a median follow-up of 3.4 years, the composite endpoint occurred in 14% and 16% in the no and immediate stenting groups, respectively (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.48-1.60; p=0.66). The association remained non-significant after adjusting for confounders (adjusted HR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.22-1.24; p=0.14). The rates of TVR and recurrent MI were 2% vs 4% (p=0.70) and 4% vs 6% (p=0.43), respectively. Conclusions: Patients with STEMI, with no significant residual stenosis and stable flow after initial PCI, treated without stenting, had comparable event rates to patients treated with immediate stenting.
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27.
  • Madsen, Jasmine Melissa, et al. (författare)
  • Comparison of Effect of Ischemic Postconditioning on Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Versus Without Thrombectomy
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9149. ; 166, s. 18-24
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), ischemic postconditioning (iPOST) have shown ambiguous results in minimizing reperfusion injury. Previous findings show beneficial effects of iPOST in patients with STEMI treated without thrombectomy. However, it remains unknown whether the cardioprotective effect of iPOST in these patients persist on long term. In the current study, all patients were identified through the DANAMI-3-iPOST database. Patients were randomized to conventional primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or iPOST in addition to PCI. Cumulative incidence rates were calculated, and multivariable analyses stratified according to thrombectomy use were performed. The primary end point was a combination of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization for heart failure. From 2011 to 2014, 1,234 patients with STEMI were included with a median follow-up of 4.8 years. In patients treated without thrombectomy (n = 520), the primary end point occurred in 15% (48/326) in the iPOST group and in 22% (42/194) in the conventional group (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41 to 0.94, p = 0.023). In adjusted Cox analysis, iPOST remained associated with reduced long-term risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.97, p = 0.039). In patients treated with thrombectomy (n = 714), there was no significant difference between iPOST (17%, 49/291) and conventional treatment (17%, 72/423) on the primary end point (unadjusted HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.45, p = 0.95). During a follow-up of nearly 5 years, iPOST reduced long-term occurrence of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization for heart failure in patients with STEMI treated with PCI but without thrombectomy.
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28.
  • Malmberg, Fredrik G., et al. (författare)
  • Voting Women, Protesting Men : A Multilevel Analysis of Corruption, Gender, and Political Participation
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Politics and Policy. - : Wiley. - 1555-5623 .- 1747-1346. ; 49:1, s. 126-161
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Previous studies have been unable to establish the link between corruption perceptions and political participation. This is partly due to a disregard of different types of political participation, ignoring gender differences in how corruption perceptions affect political participation, and overlooking the importance of context. We therefore here examine gender differences in the links between corruption perceptions and three types of political participation: voting, institutionalized participation between elections, and noninstitutionalized participation between elections. We also examine how the context in the form of the national level of corruption affects these linkages. The data come from International Social Survey Program Citizenship II and includes 31 democracies, analyzed with multilevel regression models. Our results show that women become more likely to vote when faced with corruption, whereas men become more likely to engage in elite-challenging forms of participation when faced with corruption while women remain unaffected.
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29.
  • Modvig, Signe, et al. (författare)
  • High CD34 surface expression in BCP-ALL predicts poor induction therapy response and is associated with altered expression of genes related to cell migration and adhesion
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Molecular Oncology. - : Wiley. - 1574-7891 .- 1878-0261. ; 16:10, s. 2015-2030
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Minimal residual disease (MRD) constitutes the most important prognostic factor in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). Flow cytometry is widely used in MRD assessment, yet little is known regarding the effect of different immunophenotypic subsets on outcome. In this study of 200 BCP-ALL patients, we found that a CD34-positive, CD38 dim-positive, nTdT dim-positive immunophenotype on the leukemic blasts was associated with poor induction therapy response and predicted an MRD level at the end of induction therapy (EOI) of ≥ 0.001. CD34 expression was strongly and positively associated with EOI MRD, whereas CD34-negative patients had a low relapse risk. Further, CD34 expression increased from diagnosis to relapse. CD34 is a stemness-associated cell-surface molecule, possibly involved in cell adhesion/migration or survival. Accordingly, genes associated with stemness were overrepresented among the most upregulated genes in CD34-positive leukemias, and protein–protein interaction networks showed an overrepresentation of genes associated with cell migration, cell adhesion, and negative regulation of apoptosis. The present work is the first to demonstrate a CD34-negative immunophenotype as a good prognostic factor in ALL, whereas high CD34 expression is associated with poor therapy response and an altered gene expression profile reminiscent of migrating cancer stem-like cells.
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30.
  • Ording, Anne Gulbech, et al. (författare)
  • Birthweight and all-cause mortality after childhood and adolescent leukemia : a cohort of children with leukemia from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Washington State
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 59:8, s. 949-958
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: High birthweight may predispose children to acute lymphoid leukemia, whereas low birthweight is associated with childhood morbidity and mortality. Low and high birthweight have been inconsistently associated with mortality in children with leukemia. Material and methods: In a cohort of childhood and adolescent leukemia (0-19 years) patients from registries in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Washington State in the United States (1967-2015), five-year all-cause mortality was assessed by birthweight and other measures of fetal growth using the cumulative incidence function and Cox regression with adjustment for sex, diagnosis year, country, the presence of Down's syndrome or other malformations, and type of leukemia. Results: Among 7148 children and adolescents with leukemia (55% male), 4.6% were low (<2500 g) and 19% were high (>= 4000 g) birthweight. Compared with average weight, hazard ratios (HRs) of death associated with low birthweight varied by age at leukemia diagnosis: 1.5 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7, 3.2) for patients 0-1 year old, 1.6 (95% CI: 1.0, 2.6) for >1-2 years old; 1.0 (95% CI: 0.6, 1.5) for 3-8 years old; 1.0 (95% CI: 0.6, 1.8) for 9-13 years old; and 1.2 (95% CI: 0.7, 2.1) for 14-19 years old, and were similar for size for gestational age and Ponderal index. In analyses restricted to children born full term (37-41 weeks of gestation), results were only slightly attenuated but risk was markedly increased for infants aged <= 1 year (HR for low birthweight = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.2, 8.8). Conclusion: This cohort study does not suggest that low birthweight or SGA is associated with increased five-year all-cause mortality risk among children with any type of childhood leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia, specifically, beyond infancy.
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31.
  • Peters, Susan, et al. (författare)
  • Narrative review of occupational exposures and noncommunicable diseases
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: ANNALS OF WORK EXPOSURES AND HEALTH. - 2398-7308 .- 2398-7316. ; 68:6, s. 562-580
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective Within the scope of the Exposome Project for Health and Occupational Research on applying the exposome concept to working life health, we aimed to provide a broad overview of the status of knowledge on occupational exposures and associated health effects across multiple noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) to help inform research priorities.Methods We conducted a narrative review of occupational risk factors that can be considered to have "consistent evidence for an association," or where there is "limited/inadequate evidence for an association" for 6 NCD groups: nonmalignant respiratory diseases; neurodegenerative diseases; cardiovascular/metabolic diseases; mental disorders; musculoskeletal diseases; and cancer. The assessment was done in expert sessions, primarily based on systematic reviews, supplemented with narrative reviews, reports, and original studies. Subsequently, knowledge gaps were identified, e.g. based on missing information on exposure-response relationships, gender differences, critical time-windows, interactions, and inadequate study quality.Results We identified over 200 occupational exposures with consistent or limited/inadequate evidence for associations with one or more of 60+ NCDs. Various exposures were identified as possible risk factors for multiple outcomes. Examples are diesel engine exhaust and cadmium, with consistent evidence for lung cancer, but limited/inadequate evidence for other cancer sites, respiratory, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. Other examples are physically heavy work, shift work, and decision latitude/job control. For associations with limited/inadequate evidence, new studies are needed to confirm the association. For risk factors with consistent evidence, improvements in study design, exposure assessment, and case definition could lead to a better understanding of the association and help inform health-based threshold levels.Conclusions By providing an overview of knowledge gaps in the associations between occupational exposures and their health effects, our narrative review will help setting priorities in occupational health research. Future epidemiological studies should prioritize to include large sample sizes, assess exposures prior to disease onset, and quantify exposures. Potential sources of biases and confounding need to be identified and accounted for in both original studies and systematic reviews.
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32.
  • Pidchenko, Ivan, et al. (författare)
  • Deep anoxic aquifers could act as sinks for uranium through microbial-assisted mineral trapping
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Communications Earth & Environment. - : Springer. - 2662-4435. ; 4:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Uptake of uranium (U) by secondary minerals, such as carbonates and iron (Fe)-sulfides, that occur ubiquitously on Earth, may be substantial in deep anoxic environments compared to surficial settings due to different environment-specific conditions. Yet, knowledge of U reductive removal pathways and related fractionation between 238U and 235U isotopes in deep anoxic groundwater systems remain elusive. Here we show bacteria-driven degradation of organic constituents that influences formation of sulfidic species facilitating reduction of geochemically mobile U(VI) with subsequent trapping of U(IV) by calcite and Fe-sulfides. The isotopic signatures recorded for U and Ca in fracture water and calcite samples provide additional insights on U(VI) reduction behaviour and calcite growth rate. The removal efficiency of U from groundwater reaching 75% in borehole sections in fractured granite, and selective U accumulation in secondary minerals in exceedingly U-deficient groundwater shows the potential of these widespread mineralogical sinks for U in deep anoxic environments.
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33.
  • Platonov, Pyotr G., et al. (författare)
  • Pregnancies, ventricular arrhythmias, and substrate progression in women with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in the Nordic ARVC Registry
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Europace. - : Oxford University Press. - 1099-5129 .- 1532-2092. ; 23:12, s. 1873-1879
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIMS: Women with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) are at relatively lower risk of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) than men, but the physical burden associated with pregnancy on VA risk remains insufficiently studied. We aimed to assess the risk of VA in relation to pregnancies in women with ARVC.METHODS AND RESULTS: We included 199 females with definite ARVC (n = 121) and mutation-positive family members without ascertained ARVC diagnosis (n = 78), of whom 120 had at least one childbirth. Ventricular arrhythmia-free survival after the latest childbirth was compared between women with one (n = 20), two (n = 67), and three or more (n = 37) childbirths. Cumulative probability of VA for each pregnancy (n = 261) was assessed from conception through 2 years after childbirth and compared between those pregnancies that occurred before (n = 191) or after (n = 19) ARVC diagnosis and in mutation-positive family members (n = 51). The nulliparous women had lower median age at ARVC diagnosis (38 vs. 42 years, P < 0.001) and first VA (22 vs. 41 years, P < 0.001). Ventricular arrhythmia-free survival after the latest childbirth was not related to the number of pregnancies. No pregnancy-related VA was reported among the family members. Women who gave birth after ARVC diagnosis had elevated risk of VA postpartum (hazard ratio 13.74, 95% confidence interval 2.9-63, P = 0.001), though only two events occurred during pregnancies.CONCLUSION: In women with ARVC, pregnancy was uneventful for the overwhelming majority and the number of prior completed pregnancies was not associated with VA risk. Pregnancy-related VA was primarily related to the phenotypical severity rather than pregnancy itself.
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34.
  • Ranlund, Åsa, et al. (författare)
  • Metodbeskrivning : 2020 års inventeringar av gräsmarker och lövskogar
  • 2021
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • En generell stickprovsdesign, inom vilken det går att inventera både vanliga och ovanliga fenomen på såväl nationell som regional nivå, utvecklades under 2019 och 2020. Under 2020 har den nya stickprovsdesignen använts för inventeringar av gräsmarker och lövskogar med syfte att förbättra nationella data på naturtyper med höga naturvärden, dvs. naturtyper som uppfyller kriterierna för EU:s art- och habitatdirektivs annex 1, samtidigt som vanligare naturtyper följdes där behov funnits för att komplettera befintliga data. I den här rapporten redovisar vi metodiken vi utvecklat för flygbilds- och fältinventeringarna samt hur urval av trakter till stickprov och provytor för fältbesök gått till.För gräsmarks- och lövskogsinventeringarna gjordes först ett gemensamt så kallat balanserat urval för att slumpmässigt välja ut trakter ur urvalsramen till stickprov. Sedan klassades alla provytor inom de utvalda trakterna i en flygbildsinventering till både lövskogs- och gräsmarksklasser. Utifrån de flygbildsinventerade klasserna skapades urvalsklasser separat för gräsmarks- respektive lövskogsinventeringen. Urvalsklasserna användes sedan för att välja ut provytor för fältbesök, ett urval som gjordes för gräsmarks- respektive lövskogsinventeringen oberoende av varandra.Metodiken för flygbildsinventering utvecklades för att gräsmarks- och lövskogsinventeringarna skulle kunna använda stora stickprov, i linje med den nya stickprovsdesignen. En viktig princip vid flygbildsinveteringen var överklassning, dvs att provytor inkluderades där klassningen var osäker. Detta för att säkerställa att alla gräsmarker och lövskogar inom inventeringarnas respektive ramverk hade möjlighet att ingå så att det statistiska kravet för stickprovsdesignen var uppfyllda. Provytor som utifrån flygbildsinventeringen helt säkert inte innehöll eftersökta naturtyper behövde inte besökas i fält vilket gjorde att fältbesöken fokuserades till provytor av intresse för gräsmarks- eller lövskogsinventeringarna. Det minskade kostnaden för fältbesök och vi kunde använda större stickprov. Sammantaget flygbildsinventerades över 137 000 provytor fördelat på 701 trakter inför fältinventeringen 2020.För fältinventeringen inom gräsmarks- och lövskogsinventeringarna introducerades flera nyheter jämfört med tidigare inventeringar för att samla in mer data på bl.a. naturtypers kvalitet. Varje delyta klassades t.ex. till en naturtyp oavsett om den uppfyller kravet för att bli klassad som en annex 1-naturtyp. Utöver det registrerades ett antal kvalitetsvariabler som visar vilka kriterier för annex 1 som är uppfyllda eller inte. Det gör att det går att jämföra areal och statusvariabler för en annex 1-naturtyp) med areal och statusvariabler av motsvarande naturtyp med låga naturvärden (dvs. där annex 1-kriterierna inte är uppfyllda). 1763 provytor fördelat på 187 trakter slumpades ut för att inventeras i fält 2020. Av dem inventerades 64 provytor 2021 eftersom de inte hanns med säsongen 2020.Eftersom antalet trakter är den viktigaste faktorn i att bestämma precisionen i skattningarna så vill vi inte minska antalet trakter eftersom det ökar osäkerheten i skattningarna. För att effektivisera inventeringarna arbetar vi därför med två olika angreppssätt för en viss stickprovstäthet. Dels vill vi förbättra möjligheten att korrekt kunna utesluta provytor, och ibland hela trakter, från fältbesök genom att förbättra flygbildsinventeringen. Det kan t.ex. handla om att minska överklassningen, genom att göra kriterierna för klasserna snävare . Under det första inventeringsåret 2020 tog det lite längre tid att inventera en trakt i fält än vad som var önskvärt. För att minska fälttiden kan vi därför behöva minska antalet provytor som vi inventerar per trakt alternativt förenkla fältmetodiken per provyta. Fältinsatsen kan också bli effektivare genom att inventering av smala linjära objekt, som åker- och vägrenar, görs genom en linjekorsningsinventering istället för via gräsmarks- och lövskogsinventeringarnas provytor. För lövskogsinventeringen 2020 var ålderskriteriet >30 år . Ett sätt att fokusera denna inventering mot naturtyper av större intresse är att höja ålderskriteriet så att inventeringen riktas mer mot äldre lövskogar. Utöver färre provytor skulle det antagligen också leda till att vi behöver besöka färre trakter inom lövskogsinventeringen. Nackdelen blir förstås att inventeringen inte inkluderar yngre skogar, så det är ett beslut som bör tas utifrån vilka frågeställningar som ska besvaras och hur prioriteringen ser ut för vilka data som ska samlas in.För att kunna ta tillvara de möjligheter som den nya stickprovsdesignen ger har vi utvecklat ny metodik för flygbildsinventering av stora stickprov inom gräsmarks- och lövskogsinventeringarna. Det förbättrar våra möjligheter att möta kraven på tillfredställande data även för mer ovanliga naturtyper. För att möta de ökade kraven på data till artikel 17-rapporteringen har vi också utvecklat och omprioriterat fältinventeringen. 2020 var det första året för gräsmarks- och lövskogsinventeringarna. Redan då fanns allt på plats men många delar behöver utvecklas vidare för att ytterligare effektivisera dem.
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35.
  • Reinert, Line S, et al. (författare)
  • Brain immune cells undergo cGAS-STING-dependent apoptosis during herpes simplex virus type 1 infection.
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: The Journal of clinical investigation. - 1558-8238. ; 131:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Protection of the brain from viral infections involves the type I interferon (IFN-I) system, defects in which renders humans susceptible to herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). However, excessive cerebral IFN-I levels leads to pathologies, suggesting the need for tight regulation of responses. Based on data from mouse models, human HSE cases, and primary cell culture systems, we here show that microglia and other immune cells undergo apoptosis in the HSV-1-infected brain through a mechanism dependent on the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) - stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, but independent of IFN-I. HSV-1 infection of microglia induced cGAS-dependent apoptosis at high viral doses, while lower viral doses led to IFN-I responses. Importantly, inhibition of caspase activity prevented microglial cell death and augmented IFN-I responses. Accordingly, HSV-1-infected organotypic brain slices, or mice treated with caspase inhibitor, exhibited lower viral load and improved outcome of infection. Collectively, we identify an activation-induced apoptosis program in brain immune cells which down-modulates local immune responses.
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36.
  • Ruptured Times : Advances in Visual Environmental Humanities
  • 2021
  • Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This first issue of Annals of Crosscuts includes eleven richly textured films that speak from the growing environmental humanities with strong intent and originality. The films speaks to the theme of "Ruptured Times" and forms a testimony to the integrative ambitions of the environmental humanities. The contributors come from a range of disciplines, schools and practices including artistic research, urban and architectural studies, social movements of the urban south, political ecologies of water, studies of mining legacies, decolonial performance aesthetics, science studies and ethnographies of conservation, toxicity and more-than-human relations. Made in ten countries, at four continents, the films are the final outcomes of a collaborative peer-review process that started in the first half of 2019, screened at the Crosscuts festival in late 2019 and published as a film-based special issue at Zenodo, CERN, in 2021 with a reflection from chief editor Jacob von Heland.
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37.
  • Schauer, Tim, et al. (författare)
  • Pre-treatment levels of inflammatory markers and chemotherapy completion rates in patients with early-stage breast cancer
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Clinical Oncology. - : Springer Nature. - 1341-9625 .- 1437-7772. ; 28:1, s. 89-98
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy efficacy is largely dependent on treatment adherence, defined by the relative dose intensity (RDI). Identification of new modifiable risk factors associated with low RDI might improve chemotherapy delivery. Here, we evaluated the association between low RDI and pre-chemotherapy factors, including patient- and treatment-related characteristics and markers of inflammation.METHODS: This exploratory analysis assessed data from 267 patients with early-stage breast cancer scheduled to undergo (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy included in the Physical training and Cancer (Phys-Can) trial. The association between low RDI, defined as < 85%, patient-related (age, body mass index, co-morbid condition, body surface area) and treatment-related factors (cancer stage, receptor status, chemotherapy duration, chemotherapy dose, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) was investigated. Analyses further included the association between RDI and pre-chemotherapy levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, C-reactive protein (CRP) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) in 172 patients with available blood samples.RESULTS: An RDI of < 85% occurred in 31 patients (12%). Univariable analysis revealed a significant association with a chemotherapy duration above 20 weeks (p < 0.001), chemotherapy dose (p = 0.006), pre-chemotherapy IL-8 (OR 1.61; 95% CI (1.01; 2.58); p = 0.040) and TNF-α (OR 2.2 (1.17; 4.53); p = 0.019). In multivariable analyses, inflammatory cytokines were significant association with low RDI for IL-8 (OR: 1.65 [0.99; 2.69]; p = 0.044) and TNF-α (OR 2.95 [1.41; 7.19]; p = 0.007).CONCLUSIONS: This exploratory analysis highlights the association of pre-chemotherapy IL-8 and TNF-α with low RDI of chemotherapy for breast cancer. IL-8 and TNF-α may therefore potentially help to identify patients at risk for experiencing dose reductions. Clinical trial number NCT02473003 (registration: June 16, 2015).
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38.
  • Skovgaard Svingel, Lise, et al. (författare)
  • Labor market affiliation of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms : a population-based matched cohort study
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) suffer from substantial symptoms and risk of debilitating complications, yet observational data on their labor market affiliation are scarce.Material and methods: We conducted a descriptive cohort study using data from Danish nationwide registries, including patients diagnosed with MPN in 2010-2016. Each patient was matched with up to ten comparators without MPN on age, sex, level of education, and region of residence. We assessed pre- and post-diagnosis labor market affiliation, defined as working, unemployed, or receiving sickness benefit, disability pension, retirement pension, or other health-related benefits. Labor market affiliation was assessed weekly from two years pre-diagnosis until death, emigration, or 31 December 2018. For patients and comparators, we reported percentage point (pp) changes in labor market affiliation cross-sectionally from week −104 pre-diagnosis to week 104 post-diagnosis.Results: The study included 3,342 patients with MPN and 32,737 comparators. From two years pre-diagnosis until two years post-diagnosis, a larger reduction in the proportion working was observed among patients than comparators (essential thrombocythemia: 10.2 [95% CI: 6.3–14.1] vs. 6.8 [95% CI: 5.5–8.0] pp; polycythemia vera: 9.6 [95% CI: 5.9–13.2] vs. 7.4 [95% CI: 6.2–8.7] pp; myelofibrosis: 8.1 [95% CI: 3.0–13.2] vs. 5.8 [95% CI: 4.2–7.5] pp; and unclassifiable MPN: 8.0 [95% CI: 3.0–13.0] vs. 7.4 [95% CI: 5.7–9.1] pp). Correspondingly, an increase in the proportion of patients receiving sickness benefits including other health-related benefits was evident around the time of diagnosis.Conclusion: Overall, we found that Danish patients with essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, myelofibrosis, and unclassifiable MPN had slightly impaired labor market affiliation compared with a population of the same age and sex. From two years pre-diagnosis to two years post-diagnosis, we observed a larger reduction in the proportion of patients with MPN working and a greater proportion receiving sickness benefits compared with matched individuals.
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39.
  • Sumaila, U. Rashid, et al. (författare)
  • WTO must ban harmful fisheries subsidies
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 374:6567, s. 544-544
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
  •  
40.
  • Sumiala, Johanna, et al. (författare)
  • Introduction to the special issue : Studying Populism, Religion and Media – a Nordic Perspective
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Religion and Society. - 0809-7291. ; 36:2, s. 62-68
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This special issue contributes to the emerging research field of religion and populism in contemporary media contexts. With a shared focus on how Protestant Nordic contexts align with populist practices in specific ways, the articles provide illustrative examples of how the entanglement between religion, populism and media needs to be taken into account when dealing with contemporary public and political debates in the Nordics. The special issue is the result of collaborations among scholars in the Nordic Network on Media, Religion and Populism (NOREMPO). The NOREMPO research network was funded by the Nordic funding body NOS-HS (2021–2023). As an interdisciplinary network NOREMPO gathers Nordic scholars from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden sharing special expertise in media studies, sociology of religion, the study of religion, political science, and computational social science.
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41.
  • Svensson, Anneli, et al. (författare)
  • Natural Course of Electrocardiographic Features in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy and Their Relation to Ventricular Arrhythmic Events.
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA). - 2047-9980. ; 13:16
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Electrocardiographic abnormalities are common in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and are included in the 2010 Task Force Criteria. Their time course, however, remains uncertain. In this retrospective observational study, we aimed to assess the long-term evolution of electrocardiographic characteristics and their relation to ventricular arrhythmias.Three hundred fifty-three patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy as per the 2010 Task Force Criteria with 6871 automatically processed 12-lead digital ECGs were included. The relationship between the electrocardiographic parameters and the risk of ventricular arrhythmias was assessed at 10years from the first ECG. Electrocardiographic parameters were compared between the first contact ECG, the ECG at diagnosis, and the most recent ECG. Median time between the first and the latest ECG was 6 [interquartile range, 1-14] years. Reductions of QRS voltage, R- and T-wave amplitudes between the first, diagnostic, and the latest ECGs were observed across precordial and extremity leads. Mean QRS duration increased from 96 to 102ms (P<0.001), terminal activation duration (V1) from 47 to 52ms (P<0.001), and QTc from 419 to 432 ms (P<0.001). T-wave inversions in leads V3 to V6 and aVF at first ECG were associated with ventricular arrhythmias (adjusted hazard ratio [HRadj][V3], 2.03 [95% CI, 1.23-3.34] and HRadj[aVF], 1.87 [95% CI, 1.13-3.08]).Depolarization and repolarization parameters evolved over time in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, supporting the progressive nature of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Electrocardiographic abnormalities may be detected before diagnosis and might, although not fulfilling the 2010 Task Force Criteria, be markers of early disease. T-wave inversion in leads V3 or aVF before diagnosis was associated with ventricular arrhythmias during follow-up.
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42.
  • Tatsuno, Hideyuki, et al. (författare)
  • Hot Branching Dynamics in a Light-Harvesting Iron Carbene Complex Revealed by Ultrafast X-ray Emission Spectroscopy
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie - International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 59:1, s. 364-372
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Iron N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes have received a great deal of attention recently because of their growing potential as light sensitizers or photocatalysts. We present a sub-ps X-ray spectroscopy study of an FeIINHC complex that identifies and quantifies the states involved in the deactivation cascade after light absorption. Excited molecules relax back to the ground state along two pathways: After population of a hot 3MLCT state, from the initially excited 1MLCT state, 30 % of the molecules undergo ultrafast (150 fs) relaxation to the 3MC state, in competition with vibrational relaxation and cooling to the relaxed 3MLCT state. The relaxed 3MLCT state then decays much more slowly (7.6 ps) to the 3MC state. The 3MC state is rapidly (2.2 ps) deactivated to the ground state. The 5MC state is not involved in the deactivation pathway. The ultrafast partial deactivation of the 3MLCT state constitutes a loss channel from the point of view of photochemical efficiency and highlights the necessity to screen transition-metal complexes for similar ultrafast decays to optimize photochemical performance.
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43.
  • Ţuţueanu, A. E., et al. (författare)
  • Gradual emergence of superconductivity in underdoped La2-x Srx CuO4
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9969 .- 2469-9950. ; 107:17
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present triple-axis neutron scattering studies of low-energy magnetic fluctuations in strongly underdoped La2-xSrxCuO4 with x=0.05, 0.06 and 0.07, providing quantitative evidence for a direct competition between these fluctuations and superconductivity. At dopings x=0.06 and x=0.07, three-dimensional superconductivity is found, while only a very weak signature of two-dimensional superconductivity residing in the CuO2 planes is detectable for x=0.05. We find a surprising suppression of the low-energy fluctuations by an external magnetic field at all three dopings. This implies that the response of two-dimensional superconductivity to a magnetic field is similar to that of a bulk superconductor. Our results provide direct evidence of a very gradual onset of superconductivity in cuprates.
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44.
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