| 1. |
- Kindeberg, Tina, et al.
(författare)
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Changing Swedish students' attitudes in relation to the Aids epidemic
- 1994
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Ingår i: Health Education Research. - 0268-1153. ; 9:2, s. 171-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study we have evaluated the knowledge, attitudes and intention to act in relation to HIV/AIDS related issues among Swedish students aged 15–18 years. An intervention group (n = 368) and a comparison group (n = 180) were followed for 2 years between 1989 and 1991. The teachers of the intervention group were obliged to specifically give a continuous and in-depth education while the comparison group received ordinary traditional education. We present the results from questionnaires given to all students before and after the study. There was a significant increase in knowledge of facts in the intervention group, and also changes in attitudes towards, for example, gay people, drug users and HIV infected individuals, in a desirable direction. In sex related issues there was also a desirable change in intention to act, but this was not seen in students' relation to alcohol. No significant changes at all in knowledge, attitudes or intention to act were seen in the comparison group. Our results show that it is indeed possible to influence students' attitudes and intention to act in HIV/AIDS related issues provided teachers start by defining the students' central conceptions and their relation to each other, and promote individual thinking and reflection.
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| 2. |
- Larsson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Gas chromatographic determination of D-arabinitol/L-arabinitol ratios in urine: a potential method for diagnosis of disseminated candidiasis
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - 1098-660X. ; 32:8, s. 1855-1859
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A gas chromatographic procedure was developed to determine the relative amounts of D- and L-arabinitol in urine. Samples were filtered, diluted, purified through extractions, evaporated, and treated with trifluoroacetic anhydride; the arabinitol derivatives thus obtained were separated on a chiral stationary phase and registered by using an electron-capture detector. Urine samples from a patient with disseminated candidiasis had higher D-arabinitol/L-arabinitol ratios (referred to as D/L-arabinitol ratios)--up to 19.0--than samples from 96 study individuals with no signs of deep Candida infections (range, 1.1 to 4.5). D/L-Arabinitol ratios in urine samples from hospitalized patients without Candida infections were slightly higher than those in samples from healthy individuals; ratios in urine from children were slightly higher than those in adult urine samples. The D/L-arabinitol ratios in several urine samples culture positive for Candida albicans, but from patients without symptoms of disseminated candidiasis, did not differ from those in the urine of healthy individuals. The described gas chromatographic method is straightforward and can be implemented clinically to determine urine D/L-arabinitol ratios as a means of diagnosing disseminated candidiasis.
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