| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Hagiwara, M, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of direct admission to a catheterisation lab/CCU in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction on the delay to reperfusion and early risk of death : results of a systematic review including meta-analysis
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : BioMed Central Ltd.. - 1757-7241. ; 22:67
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background For each hour of delay from fist medical contact until reperfusion in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) there is a 10% increase in risk of death and heart failure. The aim of this review is to describe the impact of the direct admission of patients with STEMI to a Catheterisation laboratory (cath lab) as compared with transport to the emergency department (ED) with regard to delays and outcome. Methods Databases were searched for from April-June 2012 and updated January 2014: 1) Pubmed; 2) Embase; 3) Cochrane Library; 4) ProQuest Nursing and 5) Allied Health Sources. The search was restricted to studies in English, Swedish, Danish and Norwegian languages. The intervention was a protocol-based clinical pre-hospital pathway and main outcome measurements were the delay to balloon inflation and hospital mortality. Results Median delay from door to balloon was significantly shorter in the intervention group in all 5 studies reported. Difference in median delay varied between 16 minutes and 47 minutes. In all 7 included studies the time from symptom onset or first medical contact to balloon time was significantly shorter in the intervention group. The difference in median delay varied between 15 minutes and 1 hour and 35 minutes. Only two studies described hospital mortality. When combined the risk of death was reduced by 37%. Conclusion An overview of available studies of the impact of a protocol-based pre-hospital clinical pathway with direct admission to a cath lab as compared with the standard transport to the ED in ST-elevation AMI suggests the following. The delay to the start of revascularisation will be reduced. The clinical benefit is not clearly evidence based. However, the documented association between system delay and outcome defends the use of the pathway.
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| 3. |
- Hansson, P. M., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of local curvature on the interaction between hydrophobic surfaces
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nanotechnology 2010: Advanced Materials, CNTs, Particles, Films and Composites - Technical Proceedings of the 2010 NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo, NSTI-Nanotech 2010. - 9781439834015 ; , s. 61-64
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface structure, including roughness and chemical heterogeneities, is known to be of importance for the surface interaction forces observed between hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces. In this study, silica particles have been used to prepare structured particulated surfaces with a controlled roughness using Langmuir-Blodgett deposition or a drop coating technique. The surfaces were characterized by SEM and AFM. The AFM colloidal probe technique was employed for probing the interaction between a micro-size hydrophobic particle and hydrophobic surfaces with a sintered and silanized nano-sized silica particle monolayer. These measurements indicate that the adhesion force is increased by a decrease in particle size. Larger roughness gives larger crevices on the surface and more air/vapor accumulation but the capillary growth is impaired since the three-phase line (solid-liquid-air) has to move over a longer distance with an increase in the size of the surface features.
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| 4. |
- Oko, A., et al.
(författare)
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Imbibition of picoliter water droplets on coated inkjet papers
- 2010
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Ingår i: NIP26. - 9780892082933 ; , s. 475-478
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- When an impinged inkjet droplet is impacting a paper substrate, it evaporates to the air and penetrates into the paper. The imbibition dynamics are strongly dependant on the pore structure on the surface and inside the substrate. In this work picoliter (pL) water droplets were impinged onto two commercially available matte and gloss coated paper sample. The imbibition process was recorded and analyzed using a high speed imaging system. Calcidations of the volume change were done by considering that the droplets are shaped as hemispherical caps. The total drying time of water droplets of about 60 pL is 10-15 ms on the gloss coated paper, and 30-150 ms on the matte coated paper. In addition, the two samples show different regimes in the imbibition process caused by the different porous structures present in the samples.
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| 5. |
- Quignon, Benoit, et al.
(författare)
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Sustained Frictional Instabilities on Nanodomed Surfaces : Stick Slip Amplitude Coefficient
- 2013
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 7:12, s. 10850-10862
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the frictional properties of nanostructured surfaces is important because of their increasing application in modem minlaturized devices. In this work, lateral force microscopy was used to study the frictional properties between AFM nanotip and surfaces bearing well-defined ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometers. Our results show that the average lateral force varied linearly with applied load, as described by Amontons' first law of friction, although no direct correlation between the sample topographic properties and their measured friction coeffidents was identified. Furthermore, all the nanodomed textures exhibited pronounced osdllations in the shear traces, similar to the dassic stick slip behavior, under all the shear velocities and load regimes studied. That is, the nanotextured topography led to sustained frictional instabilities, effectively with no contact frictional sliding. The amplitude of the stick slip oscillations, ab was found to correlate with the topographic properties of the surfaces and scale linearly with the applied load. In line with the friction coefficient, we define the slope of this linear plot as the stick slip amplitude coeffident (SSAC). We suggest that such stick slip behaviors are characteristics of surfaces with nanotextures and that such local frictional instabilities have important implications to surface damage and wear. We thus propose that the shear characteristics of the nanodomed surfaces cannot be fully described by the framework of Amontons' laws of friction and that additional parameters (e.g., a, and SSAQ are required, when their friction, lubrication, and wear properties are important considerations in related nanodevices.
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| 6. |
- Strömsöe, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Association between population density and reported incidence, characteristics and outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - London : Elsevier. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 82:10, s. 1307-1313
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To describe the reported incidence of out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and the characteristics and outcome after OHCA in relation to population density in Sweden. Methods All patients participating in the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Register between 2008 and 2009 in (a) 20 of 21 regions (n = 6457) and in (b) 165 of 292 municipalities (n = 3522) in Sweden, took part in the survey. Results The regional population density varied between 3 and 310 inhabitants per km2 in 2009. In 2008–2009, the number of reported cardiac arrests varied between 13 and 52 per 100,000 inhabitants and year. Survival to 1 month varied between 2% and 14% during the same period in different regions. With regard to population density, based on municipalities, bystander CPR (p = 0.04) as well as cardiac etiology (p = 0.002) were more frequent in less populated areas. Ambulance response time was longer in less populated areas (p < 0.0001). There was no significant association between population density and survival to 1 month after OHCA or incidence (adjusted for age and gender) of OHCA. Conclusion There was no significant association between population density and survival to 1 month after OHCA or incidence (adjusted for age and gender) of OHCA. However, bystander CPR, cardiac etiology and longer response times were more frequent in less populated areas.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Brandner, Birgit D., et al.
(författare)
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Solvent segregation and capillary evaporation at a superhydrophobic surface investigated by confocal Raman microscopy and force measurements
- 2011
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Ingår i: SOFT MATTER. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1744-683X .- 1744-6848. ; 7:3, s. 1045-1052
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wetting of water, a 1 : 1 water/ethanol mixture and an aqueous dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid surfactant solution on hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces were studied using confocal Raman microscopy. The superhydrophobic surfaces were prepared by immersion of a glass substrate in a silica particle/fluoropolymer formulation followed by silanization. Preparation of hydrophobic surfaces was done in the same way with the exception that the silica particles were excluded from the formulation. The hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces were characterized with respect to surface roughness using AFM, and by contact angle measurements using different liquids. Confocal Raman microscopy measurements in a 1 : 1 water/ethanol mixture showed an enrichment of ethanol close to the superhydrophobic surface, which could not be observed for the hydrophobic surface. Unexpectedly, the Raman spectrum of a pure water film in close proximity to the superhydrophobic surface displayed some differences compared to that of bulk water and indicated a stronger hydrogen-bonding close to the superhydrophobic surface. Evidence for capillary evaporation next to the superhydrophobic surface was also found, and this results in very long-range capillary attraction between one superhydrophobic surface and a hydrophobic colloidal probe as shown by AFM colloidal probe force measurements. Addition of a surfactant or ethanol suppresses capillary evaporation.
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| 9. |
- Brunnstrom, A, et al.
(författare)
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Biosynthesis of eoxin C4 by porcine leukocytes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-2823 .- 0952-3278. ; 87:4-5, s. 159-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Claesson, A, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiac arrest due to drowning-changes over time and factors of importance for survival
- 2014
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd.. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 85:5, s. 644-648
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To evaluate changes in characteristics and survival over time in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) due to drowning and describe factors of importance for survival. METHOD: Retrospectively reported and treated drowning cases reported to the Swedish OHCA registry between 1990 and 2012, n=529. The data were clustered into three seven-year intervals for comparisons of changes over time. RESULTS: There were no changes in age, gender, witnessed status, shockable rhythm or place of OHCA during the time periods. Bystander CPR increased over time, 59% in interval 1992-1998, versus 74% in interval 2006-2012 (p=0.005). There was a decrease in delay between OHCA and calling for the Emergency Medical Service (EMS) over the years, while calling for the EMS to arrival increased in terms of time. Survival to hospital admission appears to have increased over the years (p=0.009), whereas survival to one month did not change significantly over time. In a multivariate analysis, witnessed status, female gender, bystander CPR, place-home and EMS response time were associated with survival to hospital admission. For survival to one month, place, age, shockable rhythm and logarithmised delay from calling for an ambulance to arrival were of significance for survival. CONCLUSION: In OHCA due to drowning, over a period of 20 years, bystanders have called for help at an earlier stage and administered CPR more frequently in the past few years. Survival to hospital admission has increased, while shockable rhythm and early arrival of the EMS appear to be the most important factors for survival to one month.
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| 11. |
- Claesson, A, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiac disease and probable intent after drowning
- 2013
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Ingår i: American Journal of Emergency Medicine. - : W.B. Saunders Co.. - 0735-6757 .- 1532-8171. ; 31:7, s. 1073-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of cardiac disease and its relationship to the victim's probable intent among patients with cardiac arrest due to drowning. METHOD: Retrospective autopsied drowning cases reported to the Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine between 1990 and 2010 were included, alongside reported and treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrests due to drowning from the Swedish Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry that matched events in the National Board of Forensic Medicine registry (n = 272). RESULTS: Of 2166 drowned victims, most (72%) were males; the median age was 58 years (interquartile range, 42-71 years). Drowning was determined to be accidental in 55%, suicidal in 28%, and murder in 0.5%, whereas the intent was unclear in 16%. A contributory cause of death was found in 21%, and cardiac disease as a possible contributor was found in 9% of all autopsy cases. Coronary artery sclerosis (5%) and myocardial infarction (2%) were most frequent. Overall, cardiac disease was found in 14% of all accidental drownings, as compared with no cases (0%) in the suicide group; P = .05. Ventricular fibrillation was found to be similar in both cardiac and noncardiac cases (7%). This arrhythmia was found in 6% of accidents and 11% of suicides (P = .23). CONCLUSION: Among 2166 autopsied cases of drowning, more than half were considered to be accidental, and less than one-third, suicidal. Among accidents, 14% were found to have a cardiac disease as a possible contributory factor; among suicides, the proportion was 0%. The low proportion of cases showing ventricular fibrillation was similar, regardless of the presence of a cardiac disease.
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| 12. |
- Claesson, A., et al.
(författare)
-
N! matchings, n! posets (extended abstract)
- 2010
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Ingår i: FPSAC'10 - 22nd International Conference on Formal Power Series and Algebraic Combinatorics. ; , s. 637-648
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We show that there are n! matchings on 2n points without, so called, left (neighbor) nestings. We also define a set of naturally labeled (2 + 2)-free posets, and show that there are n! such posets on n elements. Our work was inspired by Bousquet-Mélou, Claesson, Dukes and Kitaev [J. Combin. Theory Ser. A. 117 (2010) 884-909]. They gave bijections between four classes of combinatorial objects: matchings with no neighbor nestings (due to Stoimenow), unlabeled (2 + 2)-free posets, permutations avoiding a specific pattern, and so called ascent sequences. We believe that certain statistics on our matchings and posets could generalize the work of Bousquet-Mélou et al. and we make a conjecture to that effect. We also identify natural subsets of matchings and posets that are equinumerous to the class of unlabeled (2 + 2)-free posets. We give bijections that show the equivalence of (neighbor) restrictions on nesting arcs with (neighbor) restrictions on crossing arcs. These bijections are thought to be of independent interest. One of the bijections maps via certain upper-triangular integer matrices that have recently been studied by Dukes and Parviainen [Electron. J. Combin. 17 (2010) #R53].
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Geretti, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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A mutated soluble neuropilin-2 B domain antagonizes vascular endothelial growth factor bioactivity and inhibits tumor progression
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Molecular Cancer Research. - 1541-7786 .- 1557-3125. ; 8:8, s. 1063-1073
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuropilins (NRP1 and NRP2) are coreceptors for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and mediate angiogenesis and tumor progression. VEGF binds to the NRP1 and NRP2 B domains. Previously, it was shown that mutagenesis of the soluble NRP2 B domain (MutB-NRP2) increased affinity to VEGF by 8-fold. Here, we show that MutB-NRP2 inhibited (125)I-VEGF binding to NRP1, NRP2, and VEGFR-2. It antagonized VEGF-induced VEGFR-2/NRP2 complex formation and inhibited VEGF-induced activation of AKT, a mediator of cell survival, without affecting activation of VEGFR-2. In three-dimensional embryoid bodies, a model of VEGF-induced angiogenesis, MutB-NRP2 inhibited VEGF-induced sprouting. When overexpressed in human melanoma cells, MutB-NRP2 inhibited tumor growth compared with control tumors. Avastin (bevacizumab), a monoclonal antibody to VEGF, inhibited VEGF interactions with VEGFR-2, but not with NRPs. The combination of MutB-NRP2 and Avastin resulted in an enhanced inhibition of human melanoma tumor growth compared with MutB-NRP2 treatment only or Avastin treatment only. In conclusion, these results indicate that MutB-NRP2 is a novel antagonist of VEGF bioactivity and tumor progression.
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| 16. |
- Glader, A, et al.
(författare)
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Byggnadsrelaterad ohälsa : Kompetensutveckling inom hälsovården
- 2014
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Det finns ett stort behov av utbildning om inomhusmiljö och byggnadsrelaterad ohälsa, både inom ramen för grundläggande yrkesutbildningar och som fortbildningskurser för yrkesverksamma. Hälsoproblem som beror på dålig inomhusluft på arbetsplatsen utreds av företagshälsovården. Dock har de som jobbar inom företagshälsovård idag inte alltid tillräcklig kunskap om inomhusmiljö och byggnadsrelaterad ohälsa och saknar ofta beredskap att som sakkunniga delta i utredningar på arbetsplatser. För att förbättra vården bör personalen utbildas om bl.a. riskfaktorer för dålig inomhusluft, vanliga hälsobesvär och inverkan på arbetsförmåga och produktivitet, de psykosociala faktorernas betydelse samt ansvarsfrågor och hälsoekonomiska konsekvenser. Öppna digitala lärresurser (OER) och kurser på nätet (MOOCs) kan med fördel användas vid fortbildning av vårdpersonal. Nätbaserad utbildning underlättar för vårdpersonalen att själv kunna välja tidpunkt och målsättning. Därtill utgör OER även ett hjälpmedel för att utveckla kunskapsöverföringen mellan Sverige och Finland.
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| 17. |
- Hagberg, Carolina E, et al.
(författare)
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Vascular endothelial growth factor B controls endothelial fatty acid uptake.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 464:7290, s. 917-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are major angiogenic regulators and are involved in several aspects of endothelial cell physiology. However, the detailed role of VEGF-B in blood vessel function has remained unclear. Here we show that VEGF-B has an unexpected role in endothelial targeting of lipids to peripheral tissues. Dietary lipids present in circulation have to be transported through the vascular endothelium to be metabolized by tissue cells, a mechanism that is poorly understood. Bioinformatic analysis showed that Vegfb was tightly co-expressed with nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes across a large variety of physiological conditions in mice, pointing to a role for VEGF-B in metabolism. VEGF-B specifically controlled endothelial uptake of fatty acids via transcriptional regulation of vascular fatty acid transport proteins. As a consequence, Vegfb(-/-) mice showed less uptake and accumulation of lipids in muscle, heart and brown adipose tissue, and instead shunted lipids to white adipose tissue. This regulation was mediated by VEGF receptor 1 and neuropilin 1 expressed by the endothelium. The co-expression of VEGF-B and mitochondrial proteins introduces a novel regulatory mechanism, whereby endothelial lipid uptake and mitochondrial lipid use are tightly coordinated. The involvement of VEGF-B in lipid uptake may open up the possibility for novel strategies to modulate pathological lipid accumulation in diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases.
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| 18. |
- Hansson, Petra M., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of surface depressions on wetting and interactions between hydrophobic pore array surfaces
- 2012
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 28:30, s. 11121-11130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The surface structure is known to significantly affect the long-range capillary forces between hydrophobic surfaces in aqueous solutions. It is, however, not clear how small depressions in the surface will affect the interaction. To clarify this, we have used the AFM colloidal probe technique to measure interactions between hydrophobic microstructured pore array surfaces and a hydrophobic colloidal probe. The pore array surfaces were designed to display two different pore spacings, 1.4 and 4.0 ÎŒm, each with four different pore depths ranging from 0.2 to 12.0 ÎŒm. Water contact angles measured on the pore array surfaces are lower than expected from the Cassie-Baxter and Wenzel models and not affected by the pore depth. This suggests that the position of the three-phase contact line, and not the interactions underneath the droplet, determines the contact angle. Confocal Raman microscopy was used to investigate whether water penetrates into the pores. This is of importance for capillary forces where both the movement of the three-phase contact line and the situation at the solid/liquid interface influence the stability of bridging cavities. By analyzing the shape of the force curves, we distinguish whether the cavity between the probe and the surfaces was formed on a flat part of the surface or in close proximity to a pore. The pore depth and pore spacing were both found to statistically influence the distance at which cavities form as surfaces approach each other and the distance at which cavities rupture during retraction.
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| 19. |
- Hansson, Petra M., et al.
(författare)
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Frictional forces between hydrophilic and hydrophobic particle coated nanostructured surfaces
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 15:41, s. 17893-17902
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Friction forces have long been associated with the famous Amontons' rule that states that the friction force is linearly dependent on the applied normal load, with the proportionality constant being known as the friction coefficient. Amontons' rule is however purely phenomenological and does not in itself provide any information on why the friction coefficient is different for different material combinations. In this study, friction forces between a colloidal probe and nanostructured particle coated surfaces in an aqueous environment exhibiting different roughness length scales were measured by utilizing the atomic force microscope (AFM). The chemistry of the surfaces and the probe was varied between hydrophilic silica and hydrophobized silica. For hydrophilic silica surfaces, the friction coefficient was significantly higher for the particle coated surfaces than on the flat reference surface. All the particle coated surfaces exhibited similar friction coefficients, from which it may be concluded that the surface geometry, and not the roughness amplitude per se, influenced the measured friction. During measurements with hydrophobic surfaces, strong adhesive forces related to the formation of a bridging air cavity were evident from both normal force and friction force measurements. In contrast to the frictional forces between the hydrophilic surfaces, the friction coefficient for hydrophobic surfaces was found to depend on the surface structure and we believe that this dependence is related to the restricted movement of the three-phase line of the bridging air cavity. For measurements using a hydrophobic surface and a hydrophilic probe, the friction coefficient was significantly smaller compared to the two homogeneous systems. A layer of air or air bubbles on the hydrophobic surface working as a lubricating layer is a possible mechanism behind this observation.
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| 20. |
- Hansson, Petra M., 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrophobic pore array surfaces : Wetting and interaction forces in water/ethanol mixtures
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 396, s. 278-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interactions between and wetting behavior of structured hydrophobic surfaces using different concentrations of water/ethanol mixtures have been investigated. Silica surfaces consisting of pore arrays with different pore spacings and pore depths were made hydrophobic by silanization. Their static and dynamic contact angles were found to be independent of the pore depth while fewer pores on the surface, i.e. a closer resemblance to a flat surface, gave a lower contact angle. As expected, a higher amount of ethanol facilitated wetting on all the surfaces tested. Confocal Raman microscopy measurements proved both water and ethanol to penetrate into the pores. AFM colloidal probe force measurements clearly showed that formation of air cavitation was hindered between the hydrophobic surfaces in presence of ethanol, and an increase in ethanol concentration was followed by a smaller jump-in distance and a weaker adhesion force. On separation, an immediate jump-out of contact occurred. The measured forces were interpreted as being due to capillary condensation of ethanol between the surfaces giving rise to very unstable cavities immediately rupturing on surface separation.
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| 21. |
- Hansson, Petra M., et al.
(författare)
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Robust Hydrophobic Surfaces Displaying Different Surface Roughness Scales While Maintaining the Same Wettability
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 27:13, s. 8153-8159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A range of surfaces coated with spherical silica particles, covering the size range from nanometer to micrometer, have been produced using Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition. The particles were characterized both in suspension and in the Langmuir trough to optimize the surface preparation procedure. By limiting the particle aggregation and surface layer failures during the preparation steps, well-defined monolayers with a close-packed structure have been obtained for all particle sizes. Thus, this procedure led to structured surfaces with a characteristic variation in the amplitude and spatial roughness parameters. In order to obtain robust surfaces, a sintering protocol and an AFM-based wear test to determine the stability of the deposited surface layer were employed. Hydrophobization of the LB films followed by water contact angle measurements showed, for all tested particle sizes, the same increase in contact angle compared to the contact angle of a flat hydrophobic surface. This indicates nearly hexagonal packing and gives evidence for nearly, complete surface wetting of the surface features.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Ingason, Haukur, et al.
(författare)
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The Metro Project: Final Report
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The report compiles the results from the METRO-project. The different parts of the project; design fires, evacuation, integrated fire control, smoke control, extraordinary strain on constructions and fire- and rescue operations are presented separately. The most complicated and expensive part of the project was the performance of the large scale fire and explosion tests in the Brunsberg tunnel. The maximum heat release rates measured from the metro carriage was 77 MW. The maximum ceiling gas temperatures was 1118 °C. These values are high, and should be put into a perspective of the situation and the type of carriages used. The project is not recommending the highest values as the design fire, but values reflected in conditions. The egress study confirm that one of the major issues related to fire evacuation in underground transportation systems is that people often are reluctant to initiate an evacuation. New data show that participants moved with an average of 0.9 meters per second in the smoke filled environment (average visibility of 1.5–3.5 meters). A way-finding installation at the emergency exit, which consisted of a loudspeaker, was found to perform particularly well in terms of attracting people to the door. Two smoke control systems were simulated for a single exit metro station. The systems consisted of a pressurizing supply air system and mechanical exhaust ventilation system with and without platform screen doors. The results show that both the pressurizing supply air system and the mechanical exhaust air system provide effective smoke control for one exit metro station. The significance of the platform screen doors was shown to be important in relation to smoke control. Experiments and simulations have provided increased confidence in ability to simulate explosion scenarios to determine the pressure inside and outside a carriage and to be able to study variations of conditions such as carriage geometry and window designs. The explosion test performed show that an explosion with a relatively minor charge can significantly change the conditions for both evacuees and the rescue service. The results show that the conditions for evacuation and rescue operations can change dramatically as a result of a relatively minor explosion. Evaluation of methods and fire and rescue tactics in metros is given. Mapping of IR imaging as a tactical resource at tunnel fires was presented.
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| 25. |
- Koch, Sina, et al.
(författare)
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NRP1 Presented in trans to the Endothelium Arrests VEGFR2 Endocytosis, Preventing Angiogenic Signaling and Tumor Initiation
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Developmental Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 1534-5807 .- 1878-1551. ; 28:6, s. 633-646
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) modulates angiogenesis by binding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor, VEGFR2. We examined the consequences when VEGFR2 and NRP1 were expressed on the same cell (cis) or on different cells (trans). In cis, VEGF induced rapid VEGFR2/NRP1 complex formation and internalization. In trans, complex formation was delayed and phosphorylation of phospholipase C gamma (PLC gamma) and extracellular regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) was prolonged, whereas ERK1 phosphorylation was reduced. Trans complex formation suppressed initiation and vascularization of NRP1-expressing mouse fibrosarcoma and melanoma. Suppression in trans required high-affinity, steady-state binding of VEGF to NRP1, which was dependent on the NRP1 C-terminal domain. Compatible with a trans effect of NRP1, quiescent vasculature in the developing retina showed continuous high NRP1 expression, whereas angiogenic sprouting occurred where NRP1 levels fluctuated between adjacent endothelial cells. Therefore, through communication in trans, NRP1 can modulate VEGFR2 signaling and suppress angiogenesis.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Ohlsson, A-C, et al.
(författare)
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Teacher students
- 2011
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Ingår i: PEVOC 9:th conference, Marseille, France.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 28. |
- Ohlsson, A-C, et al.
(författare)
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Teacher Students´Voices
- 2011
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Ingår i: NERA 38:th congress Jyväskylä Finland.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 29. |
- Pilkington, Georgia A., et al.
(författare)
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Amontonian frictional behaviour of nanostructured surfaces
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 13, s. 9318-9326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With nanotextured surfaces and interfaces increasingly being encountered in technological and biomedical applications, there is a need for a better understanding of frictional properties involving such surfaces. Here we report friction measurements of several nanostructured surfaces using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). These nanostructured surfaces provide well defined model systems on which we have tested the applicability of Amontons' laws of friction. Our results show that Amontonian behaviour is observed with each of the surfaces studied. However, no correlation has been found between measured friction and various surface roughness parameters such as average surface roughness (Ra) and root mean squared (rms) roughness. Instead, we propose that the friction coefficient may be decomposed into two contributions, i.e., μ = μ0 + μg, with the intrinsic friction coefficient μ0 accounting for the chemical nature of the surfaces and the geometric friction coefficient μg for the presence of nanotextures. We have found a possible correlation between μg and the average local slope of the surface nanotextures.
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| 31. |
- Rolny, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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HRG Inhibits Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Inducing Macrophage Polarization and Vessel Normalization through Downregulation of PIGF
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cancer Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 1535-6108 .- 1878-3686. ; 19:1, s. 31-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to a proangiogenic/immune-suppressive (M2-like) phenotype and abnormal, hypoperfused vessels are hallmarks of malignancy, but their molecular basis and interrelationship remains enigmatic. We report that the host-produced histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) inhibits tumor growth and metastasis, while improving chemotherapy. By skewing TAM polarization away from the M2- to a tumor-inhibiting M1-like phenotype, HRG promotes antitumor immune responses and vessel normalization, effects known to decrease tumor growth and metastasis and to enhance chemotherapy. Skewing of TAM polarization by HAG relies substantially on downregulation of placental growth factor (PIGF). Besides unveiling an important role for TAM polarization in tumor vessel abnormalization, and its regulation by HRG/PIGF, these findings offer therapeutic opportunities for anticancer and antiangiogenic treatment.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Van de Veire, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Further pharmacological and genetic evidence for the efficacy of PlGF inhibition in cancer and eye disease
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 141:1, s. 178-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our findings that PlGF is a cancer target and anti-PlGF is useful for anticancer treatment have been challenged by Bais et al. Here we take advantage of carcinogen-induced and transgenic tumor models as well as ocular neovascularization to report further evidence in support of our original findings of PlGF as a promising target for anticancer therapies. We present evidence for the efficacy of additional anti-PlGF antibodies and their ability to phenocopy genetic deficiency or silencing of PlGF in cancer and ocular disease but also show that not all anti-PlGF antibodies are effective. We also provide additional evidence for the specificity of our anti-PlGF antibody and experiments to suggest that anti-PlGF treatment will not be effective for all tumors and why. Further, we show that PlGF blockage inhibits vessel abnormalization rather than density in certain tumors while enhancing VEGF-targeted inhibition in ocular disease. Our findings warrant further testing of anti-PlGF therapies.
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| 35. |
- Vestman, Nelly Romani, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization and in vitro properties of oral lactobacilli in breastfed infants
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Microbiology. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2180. ; 13, s. 193-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Lactobacillus species can contribute positively to general and oral health and are frequently acquired by breastfeeding in infancy. The present study aimed to identify oral lactobacilli in breast and formula-fed 4 month-old infants and to evaluate potential probiotic properties of the dominant Lactobacillus species detected. Saliva and oral swab samples were collected from 133 infants who were enrolled in a longitudinal study (n=240) examining the effect of a new infant formula on child growth and development. Saliva was cultured and Lactobacillus isolates were identified from 16S rRNA gene sequences. Five L. gasseri isolates that differed in 16S rRNA sequence were tested for their ability to inhibit growth of selected oral bacteria and for adhesion to oral tissues. Oral swab samples were analyzed by qPCR for Lactobacillus gasseri.Results: 43 (32.3%) infants were breastfed and 90 (67.7%) were formula-fed with either a standard formula (43 out of 90) or formula supplemented with a milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) fraction (47 out of 90). Lactobacilli were cultured from saliva of 34.1% breastfed infants, but only in 4.7% of the standard and 9.3% of the MFGM supplemented formula-fed infants. L. gasseri was the most prevalent (88% of Lactobacillus positive infants) of six Lactobacillus species detected. L. gasseri isolates inhibited Streptococcus mutans binding to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite, and inhibited growth of S. mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces oris, Candida albicans and Fusobacterium nucleatum in a concentration dependent fashion. L. gasseri isolates bound to parotid and submandibular saliva, salivary gp340 and MUC7, and purified MFGM, and adhered to epithelial cells. L. gasseri was detected by qPCR in 29.7% of the oral swabs. Breastfed infants had significantly higher mean DNA levels of L. gasseri (2.14 pg/uL) than infants fed the standard (0.363 pg/uL) or MFGM (0.697 pg/uL) formula.Conclusions: Lactobacilli colonized the oral cavity of breastfed infants significantly more frequently than formulafed infants. The dominant Lactobacillus was L. gasseri, which was detected at higher levels in breastfed than formula-fed infants and displayed probiotic traits in vitro.
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