| 1. |
- Screaton, E., et al.
(författare)
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Interactions between deformation and fluids in the frontal thrust region of the NanTroSEIZE transect offshore the Kii Peninsula, Japan : Results from IODP Expedition 316 Sites C0006 and C0007
- 2009
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Ingår i: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems. - 1525-2027. ; 10, s. Q0AD01-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 316 Sites C0006 and C0007 examined the deformation front of the Nankai accretionary prism offshore the Kii Peninsula, Japan. In the drilling area, the frontal thrust shows unusual behavior as compared to other regions of the Nankai Trough. Drilling results, integrated with observations from seismic reflection profiles, suggest that the frontal thrust has been active since similar to 0.78-0.436 Ma and accommodated similar to 13 to 34% of the estimated plate convergence during that time. The remainder has likely been distributed among out-of-sequence thrusts further landward and/or accommodated through diffuse shortening. Unlike results of previous drilling on the Nankai margin, porosity data provide no indication of undercompaction beneath thrust faults. Furthermore, pore water geochemistry data lack clear indicators of fluid flow from depth. These differences may be related to coarser material with higher permeability or more complex patterns of faulting that could potentially provide more avenues for fluid escape. In turn, fluid pressures may affect deformation. Well-drained, sand-rich material under the frontal thrust could have increased fault strength and helped to maintain a large taper angle near the toe. Recent resumption of normal frontal imbrication is inferred from seismic reflection data. Associated decollement propagation into weaker sediments at depth may help explain evidence for recent slope failures within the frontal thrust region. This evidence consists of seafloor bathymetry, normal faults documented in cores, and low porosities in near surface sediments that suggest removal of overlying material. Overall, results provide insight into the complex interactions between incoming materials, deformation, and fluids in the frontal thrust region.
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| 2. |
- Singh, S., et al.
(författare)
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2.0 Ga Granite of the Lower Package of the Higher Himalayan Crystallines, Maglad Khad, Sutlej Valley, Himachal Pradesh
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of the Geological Society of India. - 0016-7622 .- 0974-6889. ; 67:3, s. 295-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Along the Sutlej valley, the lower package of the Higher Himalayan Crystallines (HHC) exposes a small concordant to discordant intrusive grey granite-The Maglad Khad Granite, within garnet mica schist/banded gneiss of the Jeori Formation. This body is fine grained and foliated along the margins, whereas the central part is relatively undeformed. This body along with aplites and pegmatites intrudes the country rock during early to syn-D-1 deformation. This is later affected by the most pervasive D-2-deformation producing gneissosity within the granite. U-Pb dating of zircons by conventional isotopic dilution technique yield an upper intercept age of 2068 +/- 5 Ma (2 sigma) from 6 zircon-fractions with MSWD=0.93, constraining the age of crystallization in the basal parts of the HHC during Early Proterozoic as well as the constraining pre-Himalayan fabric development.
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| 3. |
- Sofrata, Abier H, et al.
(författare)
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Strong antibacterial effect of miswak against oral microorganisms associated with periodontitis and caries.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of periodontology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 79:8, s. 1474-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The chewing stick (miswak) is used for oral hygiene in many parts of the world. In addition to the mechanical removal of plaque, an antibacterial effect has been postulated; however, tests of miswak extract from Salvadora persica (Arak) disclosed only low to moderate antibacterial effects. This may be attributable to the extraction process. Our aim was to test in vitro the antibacterial effect of miswak pieces, without extraction, on bacteria implicated in the etiology of periodontitis and caries. METHODS: Miswak pieces were standardized by size and weight (0.07 and 0.14 g) and tested against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), Porphyromonas gingivalis, and, as a reference, Haemophilus influenzae. The miswak pieces were tested in two ways: embedded in the agar plate or suspended above the agar plate. RESULTS: The inhibitory effect was most pronounced on P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and H. influenzae, less on S. mutans, and least on L. acidophilus. Suspended miswak had comparable or stronger effects than miswak embedded in agar. The 0.14-g suspended miswak exhibited significantly greater inhibition on A. actinomycetemcomitans and H. influenzae than the 0.14-g miswak embedded in agar (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Miswak embedded in agar or suspended above the agar plate had strong antibacterial effects against all bacteria tested. The antibacterial effect of suspended miswak pieces suggests the presence of volatile active antibacterial compounds.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Heller, T., et al.
(författare)
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Plasma concentrations of mycophenolic acid acyl glucuronide are not associated with diarrhea in renal transplant recipients
- 2007
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Ingår i: American Journal of Transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1600-6135 .- 1600-6143. ; 7:7, s. 1822-1831
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma concentrations of the acyl (AcMPAG) and phenolic (MPAG) glucuronide metabolites of mycophenolic acid (MPA) were related to diarrhoea in renal transplant patients on mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) with cyclosporine (CsA) or tacrolimus (TCL). Blood samples (0, 30, 120 min) were taken at days 3, 10, week 4, months 3, 6 and 12 for determination of MPA, MPAG and AcMPAG. MPA-AUC was estimated using validated algorithms. Two hour AUCs were calculated for MPAG and AcMPAG. Immunosuppressive therapy consisted of CsA/MMF (n= 110) and of TCL/MMF (n= 180). In 70/290 (24%) patients 86 episodes of diarrhoea were recorded during 12 months. Significantly more patients on TCL (31.1%) suffered from diarrhea compared to CsA (12.7%). MMF dose, MPA-AUC and the 2 h AUCs of MPAG and AcMPAG did not differ between patients with and without diarrhoea. Plasma AcMPAG and MPAG concentrations were substantially higher in patients on CsA compared with TCL, while MPA-AUC was lower in the former group. These data support the concept that CsA inhibits the biliary excretion of MPAG and AcMPAG, thereby potentially reducing the risk of intestinal injury through enterohepatic recycling of MPA and its metabolites.
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| 6. |
- Kaufman, E. D., et al.
(författare)
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Probing Protein Adsorption onto Mercaptoundecanoic Acid Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles and Surfaces by Quartz Crystal Microbalance and ζ-Potential Measurements
- 2007
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 23:11, s. 6053-6062
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adsorption characteristics of three proteins [bovine serum albumin (BSA), myoglobin (Mb), and cytochrome c (CytC)] onto self-assembled monolayers of mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) on both gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and gold surfaces (Au) are described. The combination of quartz crystal microbalance measurements with dissipation (QCM-D) and pH titrations of the zeta-potential provide information on layer structure, surface coverage, and potential. All three proteins formed adsorption layers consisting of an irreversibly adsorbed fraction and a reversibly adsorbed fraction. BSA showed the highest affinity for the MUA/Au, forming an irreversibly adsorbed rigid monolayer with a side-down orientation and packing close to that expected in the jamming limit. In addition, BSA showed a large change in the adsorbed mass due to reversibly bound protein. The data indicate that the irreversibly adsorbed fraction of CytC is a monolayer structure, whereas the irreversibly adsorbed Mb is present in form of a bilayer. The observation of stable BSA complexes on MUA/AuNPs at the isoelectric point by zeta-potential measurements demonstrates that BSA can sterically stabilize MUA/AuNP. On the other hand, MUA/AuNP coated with either Mb or CytC formed a reversible flocculated state at the isoelectric point. The colloidal stability differences may be correlated with weaker binding in the reversibly bound overlayer in the case of Mb and CytC as compared to BSA.
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| 7. |
- Mattson, Maria K., et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced Adsorption of Alkyl Glucosides on the Silica/Water Interface by Addition of Amine Oxides
- 2005
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 21:7, s. 2766-2772
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of adding a small amount of dodecyl dimethylamine oxide (DDAO) on adsorption on silica from an aqueous solution of dodecyl maltoside (C(12)G(2)) has been investigated. The C(12)G(2) itself does not adsorb significantly on silica at any concentration. DDAO on the other hand readily adsorbs in a bilayer-like structure at concentrations approaching the critical micelle concentration (cmc), but the adsorbed amount at the concentrations it has been applied in these mixtures is small. In contrast, by combination of the two surfactants, significant adsorption is observed at concentrations where the adsorption of the pure DDAO, as well as pure C(12)G(2), is very low. We thus see a strong enhancement of the adsorption from the mixed system. The adsorption is suggested to be a two-step process, where individual DDAO molecules first adsorb to the silica surface through electrostatic interactions, and then C(12)G(2) adsorbs at the hydrophobic sites the DDAO tails constitute through hydrophobic bonding. A minimum concentration of DDAO is required to induce adsorption from a solution with constant C(12)G(2) concentration. This concentration is lower for C(12)G(2) solutions below and equal to cmcC(12)G(2) than above cmc(C12)G(2). In addition, the total adsorbed amount shows a maximum around cmcC(12)G(2) of the mixture for a solution with low DDAO contents. Both these effects are explained by incorporation of DDAO in the mixed micelles above cmc(mix)., which leads to a desorption of DDAO from the surface.
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| 8. |
- Mohanty, B., et al.
(författare)
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Physical and anti-microbial characteristics of carbon nanoparticles prepared from lamp soot
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nanotechnology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0957-4484 .- 1361-6528. ; 18:44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soot originating from the burning of butter and mustard oil in a lamp with a cotton wick was collected on a brass plate and dispersed in water and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) as naked, and as Gum Arabic (GA, a anionic polyelectrolyte)-coated nanoparticles in water. They were physically characterized, and their anti-bacterial activities were probed on gram positive and negative bacterial colonies. TEM data revealed the presence of 35-55 nm diameter spherical carbon nanoparticles in water and CCl4. The dynamic light scattering determined the average hydrodynamic diameter for the same samples, which was found to be approximate to 100 nm ( in CCl4) and approximate to 240 nm ( in water), implying the packing of these nanoparticles into clusters. GA-coated particles yielded stable suspensions in water, but the clusters were almost the same in size (approximate to 250 nm). The zeta potential distributions of the naked and the GA-coated nanoparticles were found to be unimodal and bimodal, respectively, with both yielding mean zeta potential values nearly equal to zero. Results of energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX) confirmed the absence of toxic metallic elements inside the specimen. X-ray diffraction study confirmed the presence of amorphous as well as graphitized carbon in these nanostructures. The anti-microbial activities in terms of growth inhibition for the carbon nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus, ATCC 13709 ( native strain) and Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 29655 ( native strain) were assayed in agar gel. In vitro testing revealed significant anti-microbial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia, but carbon nanoparticles were unable to kill Staphylococcus aureus.
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| 9. |
- Samoshina, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption and aggregation of cationic amphiphilic polyelectrolytes on silica
- 2005
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 21, s. 2855-2864
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adsorption of two cationic amphiphilic polyelectrolytes, which are copolymers of two charged monomers, triethyl(vinylbenzyl)ammonium chloride and dimethyldodecyl(vinylbenzyl)ammonium chloride (which is the amphiphilic one) with different contents of amphiphilic groups (40% (40DT) and 80% (80DT)), onto the hydrophilic silica-aqueous solution interface has been studied by in situ null ellipsometry and tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). Adsorption isotherms for both polyelectrolytes were obtained at 25° C and at different ionic strengths, and the adsorption kinetics was also investigated. At low ionic strength, thin adsorbed layers were observed for both polyelectrolytes. The adsorption increases with polymer concentration and reaches, in most cases, a plateau at a concentration below 50 ppm. For the 80DT polymer, at higher ionic strength, an association into aggregates occurs at concentrations at and above 50 ppm. The aggregates were observed directly by AFM at the surface, and by dynamic light scattering in the solution. The adsorption data for this case demonstrated multilayer formation, which correlates well with the increase in viscosity with the ionic strength observed for 80DT.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Stubenrauch, C, et al.
(författare)
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Aqueous foams stabilized by n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside, hexaethyleneglycol monododecyl ether, and their 1 : 1 mixture
- 2009
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Ingår i: Soft Matter. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1744-683X .- 1744-6848. ; 5:16, s. 3070-3080
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aqueous foams stabilized by the non-ionic surfactants n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (β-C12G2) and hexaethyleneglycol monododecyl ether (C12E2) as well as by their 1 : 1 mixture were studied as a function of the total surfactant concentration from 0.1 to 10 cmc. Foamability and foam stability were measured with home-built winding equipment, the commercially available FoamScan, and a home-built foam conductivity apparatus (FCA), respectively. It was found that the foamability increases with increasing surfactant concentration for both the single and the mixed surfactant systems. On the other hand, at a fixed relative surfactant concentration (c/cmc) the foamability of β-C12G2 solutions was found to be much higher than that of C12E6 solutions, while the 1 : 1 mixture behaves like the pure C12E6.Measurements at different gas (N2) flow rates have shown that the foamability decreases non-linearly with decreasing N2 flow rate, which shows that foam generation and foam breakdown occur simultaneously. Regarding foam stability it was found that it also increases with increasing surfactant concentration. As was the case for the foamability, the stability of foams stabilized by β-C12G2 was much higher than that of foams stabilized by C12E6, while the foam stability of the 1 : 1 mixture was comparable to that of the pure C12E6. The foam results are discussed in the light of static surface tensions, dynamic surface tensions, and surface elasticities, which were measured for the single and the mixed surfactant systems.
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| 12. |
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