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- Clarke, Robert, et al.
(author)
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Lowering blood homocysteine with folic acid based supplements : Meta-analysis of randomised trials
- 1998
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In: British Medical Journal. - : BMJ. - 0959-8146. ; 316:7135, s. 894-898
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To determine the size of reduction in homocysteine concentrations produced by dietary supplementation with folic acid and with vitamins B-12 or B-6. Design: Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials that assessed the effects of folic acid based supplements on blood homocysteine concentration. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the effects on homocysteine concentrations of different doses of folic acid and of the addition of vitamin B-12 or B-6. Subjects: Individual data on 1114 people included in 12 trials. Findings: The proportional and absolute reductions in blood homocysteine produced by folic acid supplements were greater at higher pretreatment blood homocysteine concentrations (P < 0.001) and at lower pretreatment blood folate concentrations (P < 0.001). After standardisation to pretreatment blood concentrations of homocysteine of 12 μmol/l and of folate of 12 nmol/l (approximate average concentrations for Western populations), dietary folic acid reduced blood homocysteine concentrations by 25% (95% confidence interval 23% to 28%; P < 0.001), with similar effects in the range of 0.5-5 mg folic acid daily. Vitamin B-12 (mean 0.5 mg daily) produced an additional 7% (3% to 10%) reduction in blood homocysteine. Vitamin B-6 (mean 16.5 mg daily) did not have a significant additional effect. Conclusions: Typically in Western populations, daily supplementation with both 0.5-5 mg folic acid and about 0.5 mg vitamin B-12 would be expected to reduce blood homocysteine concentrations by about a quarter to a third (for example, from about 12 μmol/l to 8-9 μmol/l). Large scale randomised trials of such regimens in high risk populations are now needed to determine whether lowering blood homocysteine concentrations reduces the risk of vascular disease.
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- Beausang, C W, et al.
(author)
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Lifetimes of yrast and excited superdeformed states in Gd-150 : effect of particle-hole excitations on the deformation
- 1998
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In: Physics Letters B. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 417:1-2, s. 13-19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The quadrupole moments and deformations have been measured for six superdeformed bands in Gd-150. The results indicate evidence for deformation driving properties of both the high-hi intruder and also low-N natural parity states at the superdeformed Fermi surface. Several new transitions have been identified and placed in the low spin non-yrast portion of one of the SD bands.
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- Gale, S. J., et al.
(author)
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Band termination spectroscopy in 157Er
- 1995
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In: Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. - 0954-3899. ; 21:2, s. 193-213
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The level scheme of 157Er has been extended from a spin region where the nucleus behaves as a prolate rotor to a region where the spin is produced by the alignment of all or most of the available valence nucleons along the symmetry axis of a weakly deformed oblate shape. The level scheme was established at high spin using up to four-fold gamma -ray coincidences detected in the Eurogam spectrometer following the reaction 114Cd( 48Ca,5n)157Er at a bombarding energy of 210 MeV. Particularly favoured states have been established at IK=69/2+, 81/2+, 71/2+, 77/2-, 87-/2 and 89-/2. Specific single-particle configurations are assigned to these special states by comparison with cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations. These states are related to structures observed in the neighbouring nuclei 158Er and 157Ho. These data provide the spectrum of single-particle states for the lowest lying valence orbitals above the 146Gd closed core.
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