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| 4. |
- Thorsen, Cecilia, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of fluid and crystallized intelligence on the development of knowledge and skills
- 2014
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Ingår i: British Journal of Educational Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0007-0998 .- 2044-8279. ; 84:4, s. 556-570
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Cattell’s Gf–Gc distinction is quite generally recognized. However, the developmental part of the Gf–Gc theory of intelligence has not gained the same recognition. Results are inconsistent, but recent discussions emphasize the importance of homogeneity of samples with regard to education and language when investigating the developmental Investment theory. Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Gf and Gc on the development of knowledge and skills in a sample of children in compulsory school who are homogenous with regard to level of education, age, and cultural background. Sample Totally, 9,002 individuals from the evaluation through follow-up database born in 1972 and who left compulsory school in 1988 were included. These individuals were followed up in Grades 3, 6, and 9. Methods Structural equation modelling was used, and autoregressive path models were fitted. All modelling was performed using Mplus version 6.1. Results In the first step, a path model with a simplex structure was defined. However, a second model with direct relations of Gf on Gc in Grades 6 and 9 had better model fit, suggesting a continuous influence of Gf on Gc. However, no direct influence of Gf was found for the subject grades. Conclusion Due to the continuous influence of Gf on the measures of Gc throughout compulsory school, support for Cattell’s (1987) Investment theory was found.
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- Axelsson, Malin, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Self-efficacy and adherence as mediating factors between personality traits and health-related quality of life.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-2649 .- 0962-9343. ; 22:3, s. 567-575
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Personality traits are rather stable dispositions in adulthood, while self-efficacy and adherence may be modified through targeted interventions. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) serves as a vital outcome measure. The present aim was to explore the function of self-efficacy and adherence as mediators for the influencing effect of personality traits on HRQL in people with chronic disease. METHODS: An epidemiological sample of 786 persons completed questionnaires on personality, general self-efficacy, adherence behaviour and HRQL. Data were statistically analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analyses and path models. RESULTS: Self-efficacy mediated the effect of Extraversion and Conscientiousness on mental HRQL. Neuroticism had a direct effect on both physical and mental HRQL. Adherence partially mediated the effect of both Agreeableness and Conscientiousness on mental HRQL. CONCLUSIONS: The mental HRQL in people scoring low on Extraversion or low on Conscientiousness could be improved by strengthening general self-efficacy. Increasing adherence in people scoring low on Agreeableness or Conscientiousness could improve their mental HRQL, but the improvement was small and may be of lesser clinical relevance. These results argue for personalized interventions intended to positively affect health outcomes in people with chronic disease.
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| 7. |
- Axelsson, Malin, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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The function of medication beliefs as mediators between personality traits and adherence behavior in people with asthma
- 2013
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Ingår i: Patient Preference and Adherence. - 1177-889X. ; 7, s. 1101-1109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:There is evidence that both personality traits and personal beliefs about medications affect adherence behavior. However, limited research exists on how personality and beliefs about asthma medication interact in influencing adherence behavior in people with asthma. To extend our knowledge in this area of adherence research, we aimed to determine the mediating effects of beliefs about asthma medication between personality traits and adherence behavior.Methods:Asthmatics (n=516) selected from a population-based study called West Sweden Asthma Study completed the Neuroticism, Extraversion and Openness to Experience Five-Factor Inventory, the Medication Adherence Report Scale, and the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.Results:Three of the five investigated personality traits – agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism – were associated with both concerns about asthma medication and adherence behavior. Concerns functioned as a partial mediator for the influencing effects of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism on adherence behavior.Conclusion:The findings suggest that personality traits could be used to identify individuals with asthma who need support with their adherence behavior. Additionally, targeting concerns about asthma medication in asthmatics with low levels of agreeableness or conscientiousness or high levels of neuroticism could have a favorable effect on their adherence behavior.
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| 8. |
- Berggren, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Widening participation trends in Sweden : Regulations and their effects, intended and unintended
- 2012
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Ingår i: Widening Participation in Higher Education. - London : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9780230300613 ; , s. 197-212
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Widening Participation in Higher Education: Casting the Net Wide? offers an authoritative up-to-date commentary on the challenges facing higher education today, through the perspectives of experts representing universities across the UK, Europe, Africa and the USA. Contributors draw on recent empirical research as well as analysis of historical developments and emerging policy to provide an understanding of these issues of widening participation to educational practitioners, policy makers and academics alike. Up-to-date insights chart the impact of global economic trends and recent policy developments for students, academics, providers and changing course provision. Contributions from emerging and established experts address a broad range of relevant issues, from the question of grade inflation through to the effectiveness of peer outreach programmes. The book provides insight into how the effects of trends including marketization and globalization will continue to impact pivotally on the extent to which higher education is able to act as a force for social equalization or exclusion of opportunities.
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| 9. |
- Berggren, Caroline, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Widening Participation Trends in Sweden: Regulations and Their Effects, Intended and Unintended
- 2012
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Ingår i: Widening Participation in Higher Education. Casting the Net Wide?. - Basingstoke, England : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9780230578166 ; , s. 197-212
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter, we provide an overview of the regulations that have influenced the participation of different groups of students in higher education. We consider not only regulations about admission to higher education, but also regulations that have influenced the pre-requisites for participation, including requirements in compulsory education. The steps that have been taken to increase participation in higher education can be summarised in four broad areas: •Extending and reforming compulsory and upper secondary schooling to provide routes into higher education and to provide more students with the required qualifications •Extending educational opportunities to provide many older students with a second chance to obtain the qualifications needed to enter higher education •Changes in the admission and selection system to higher education to facilitate attendance by under-represented groups of students •Extending the number of higher education study places, and by increasing the number of higher education institutions, particularly in the smaller cities.
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| 10. |
- Brink, Eva, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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General self-efficacy and health-related quality of life after myocardial infarction
- 2012
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Ingår i: Psychology, Health & Medicine. - : Routledge. - 1354-8506 .- 1465-3966. ; 17:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fatigue after myocardial infarction (MI) has been found to be distressing. A person's self-efficacy will influence his/her health behavior and plays an active role in tackling illness consequences. This study investigated associations between fatigue, disturbed sleep, general self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of 145 respondents admitted to hospital for MI two years earlier. The aim was to identify the predictive value of general self-efficacy and to elucidate mediating factors between self-efficacy and HRQoL. General self-efficacy measured four months after MI was positively related to HRQoL after two years. In tests of indirect effects, fatigue meditated the effects between self-efficacy and the physical and the mental dimension of HRQoL, respectively. The indirect effect of disturbed sleep went through that of fatigue. To conclude, patients who suffer from post-MI fatigue may need support aimed at helping them increase their self-efficacy as well as helping them adapt to sleep hygiene principles and cope with fatigue, both of which will have positive influences on HRQoL.
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| 11. |
- Brink, Eva, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) in a sample of persons recovering from myocardial infarction – the Swedish version.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 52:6, s. 573-579
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When people’s health is threatened, they generally develop illness perceptions to make sense of their illness. The Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R), developed by Moss-Morris et al (2002), has been widely used in many countries to measure such representations. However, since studies in this crucial research area are lacking in Sweden a Swedish version of IPQ-R was validated with a focus on the seven subscales: timeline acute/chronic, timeline cyclical, consequences, personal control, treatment control, illness coherence and emotional representations. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the aim of the present study was to validate the internal structure of the Swedish version in a sample of 202 persons (144 men and 58 women) who had been diagnosed with myocardial infarction four months earlier. Additionally, inter-correlations among the seven subscales and external concurrent validity were also investigated. The results of confirmatory factor analysis revealed that, in line with the English version of the IPQ-R, the specified seven-factor model had a satisfactory fit. One item was however not considered reliable and was therefore excluded from the instrument. The internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha coefficients) and the inter-factor correlations were relatively similar to those reported in the validation study of the original English IPQ-R. In tests of concurrent validity, the seven IPQ-R subscales were, as hypothesized, mainly associated with external variables. To conclude, the Swedish version of the IPQ-R’s seven dimensions, with one item removed, (total 37 items) was found to be a reliable and valid measure of illness perception.
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| 12. |
- Cliffordson, Christina, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Betygens prognosförmåga och effekter på lärande
- 2014
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Ingår i: Resultatdialog 2014. - Stockholm : Vetenskapsrådet. - 9789173072472 ; , s. 51-60
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 14. |
- Cliffordson, Christina, 1949-
(författare)
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Methodological issues in investigations of the relative effects of schooling and age on school performance : The between-grade regression discontinuity design applied to Swedish TIMSS 1995 data
- 2010
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Ingår i: Educational Research and Evaluation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1380-3611 .- 1744-4187. ; 16:1, s. 39-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary purpose of the study was to examine methodological issues in investigations of the relative effects of schooling and age on school performance. One means of separating these 2 effects involves the use of a between-grade regression discontinuity approach. However, amongst other things, this approach is based on assumptions concerning the mechanism for allocating students to grades. Using the Swedish sample of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 1995, which comprised 3 grades (Grades 6, 7, and 8), the study investigates the robustness of the regression discontinuity approach in terms of deviations from underlying assumptions. The main finding is that the technique is robust vis-à -vis deviations from a strictly age-based grade allocation present in the data. The pattern of substantive results also corresponds with those obtained in previous research, with the grade effect being about twice as strong as the age effect. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.
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| 15. |
- Cliffordson, Christina, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Utvidgning under senare år :
- 2011
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Ingår i: Utvärdering genom uppföljning. - Göteborg : Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis. - 9789173466998 ; , s. 67-72
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
- Fors, Andreas, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the Swedish cardiac self-efficacy scale
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose: Self-efficacy is patients’ confidence in their ability to initiate and maintain self-care. The purpose of this study was to validate the Swedish version of the Cardiac Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES) as a first step in preparing an evaluation of a person-centred care intervention. Methods: The study sample consisted of 288 patients (72 women, 216 men; mean age 61.6) who completed the CSES two months after hospitalization for an event of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Construct validity was psychometrically evaluated by using confirmatory factor analysis. Model fit evaluation was estimated by performing the following tests: Chi2, the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), the Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). Results: Tentative findings indicated that the Swedish version of CSES was represented by three dimensions in comparison with the original version of the CSES that comprises two dimensions; control symptoms and maintain functioning. That is, the Swedish version of the CSES includes two factors within the control symptom dimension (compared to one in the original CSES version) while the maintain function remained as stable. Conclusions: The Swedish version of the CSES seems to be a reliable and valid measure of cardiac self-efficacy. Further it is an easily understandable questionnaire and a useful tool to identify patients’ level of cardiac specific self-efficacy.
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| 17. |
- Fossum, Mariann, et al.
(författare)
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Translation and testing of the Risk Assessment Pressure Ulcer Sore scale used among residents in Norwegian nursing homes
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 2:5, s. e001575-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The purpose of this study was to translate and test the psychometric properties of the Norwegian language version of the Risk Assessment Pressure Sore (RAPS) scale.Background: Risk assessment scales for pressure ulcer (PU) prevention have become an aspect of quality improvement in healthcare, but their effectiveness depends on the reliability and validity of the scale.Methods: A convenience sample of 481 residents in 15 nursing homes in rural Norway was included between January and June 2007. The English-language version of the RAPS scale was translated into Norwegian, and this scale was used to collect the data, including a skin examination. The number of PUs and grades were documented. Reliability was assessed in a small group of 26 residents and construct validity in the total study group.Results: Equivalence between two assessments regarding total scores of the RAPS scale was reflected in an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.95. Construct validity was supported, and the RAPS scale could define groups with expected low and high scores. Further evidence of construct validity was shown in a confirmatory factor analysis.Conclusion: The Norwegian version of the RAPS scale has shown sufficient psychometric properties to be considered a reliable and valid scale for identifying risk of PUs among nursing home residents. However, further testing is needed.
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| 19. |
- Fredriksson-Larsson, Ulla, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring fatigue with the multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI-20) in persons treated for myocardial infarction
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. ; 11:Suppl 1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: During recovery from acute myocardial infarction, about 50% of the patients report fatigue. Early identification of a person experiencing fatigue could create conditions for better support in person-centred fatigue relief strategies. In clinical assessment of post-myocardial infarction fatigue, a short instrument is preferable. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was, first, to validate the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) and, second, to test whether the subscale General Fatigue could be used in screening for fatigue in persons who have been treated for myocardial infarction. Thus far, validation studies of MFI-20 including patients with coronary heart diseases have been lacking. Method: The sample consisted of 204 consecutive patients (59 women, 145 men, mean age 64 year) who have been treated for myocardial infarction at the coronary care unit in a rural Swedish hospital. Four mounts after the acute heart attack, study participants answered the MFI-20. Data were analysed using Confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch- analysis. Results: The confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the MFI five-factor model had a mediocre fit (RMSEA = 0.091; Chi2 = 432.079, p < 0.001). However, fitting data to the Rasch model with each domain grouped as testlets gave significant item-trait interactions, supporting the five- factor model. Also, when the five MFI-20 domains were analysed separately, they worked according to the model and there was support for using at least four of five MFI subscales - General Fatigue, Physical Fatigue Mental fatigue and Reduced Activity, (PCI between 0.73–0.81) – as measures of post-myocardial infarction fatigue. Conclusion: To conclude, the MFI-20 can be used in assessment of post - myocardial infarction fatigue. If a very short instrument is needed, the subscale General Fatigue can be used as an initial screening instrument.
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| 20. |
- Henry, Alastair, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Motivation, Gender, and Possible Selves
- 2013
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Ingår i: Language learning. - : Wiley. - 0023-8333 .- 1467-9922. ; 63:2, s. 271-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the consistency with which gender differences have been found in second language motivation, little systematic research has taken place on motivation and gender to date. Permeating self-concept development, gender impacts not only current selves but also future-oriented possible selves. In construing possible selves, females tend to emphasize interdependence, meaning they invest more in interpersonal relationships and self-other interaction. Based on instruments measuring ideal language-speaking/using selves and an interdependent self-construal in a sample of 140 female and 129 male adolescents enrolled in the final year of secondary education in Sweden, and using confirmatory factor analysis, support was found for the hypothesis that gender-related variance on a measure of the ideal language-speaking/using self could be accounted for by an interdependent self-construal. In discussing the results, further avenues for exploring the impact of gender on possible selves using more contextually sensitive research designs are presented. © 2013 Language Learning Research Club, University of Michigan.
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| 21. |
- Söderhamn, Olle, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Construct validity of the Moral Development Scale for Professionals (MDSP)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. - : Dove Medical Press Ltd.. - 1178-2390. ; 4, s. 165-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the construct validity of the Moral Development Scale for Professionals (MDSP) using structural equation modeling. The instrument is a 12-item self-report instrument, developed in the Scandinavian cultural context and based on Kohlberg's theory. A hypothesized simplex structure model underlying the MDSP was tested through structural equation modeling. Validity was also tested as the proportion of respondents older than 20 years that reached the highest moral level, which according to the theory should be small. A convenience sample of 339 nursing students with a mean age of 25.3 years participated. Results confirmed the simplex model structure, indicating that MDSP reflects a moral construct empirically organized from low to high. A minority of respondents >20 years of age (13.5%) scored more than 80% on the highest moral level. The findings support the construct validity of the MDSP and the stages and levels in Kohlberg's theory
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| 22. |
- Thorsen, Cecilia, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Gf and Gc on the development of knowledge and skills
- 2013
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Ingår i: The 15th Biennial Conference, European Association for Research and Learning and Instruction (EARLI), Munich, 27-31 August, 2013. ; , s. 968-969
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Investment theory (Cattell, 1987) states that learning in different fields is dependent on a general ability to reason in novel situations (Gf), and that development of knowledge and skill therefore is influenced by Gf, among other things. The Encapsulation theory (Gustafsson & Carlstedt,2006) makes the inference that Gf is encapsulated in measures of General Crystallized intelligence(Gc) and that information about Gf therefore does not add to prediction of further learning. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of Gf and Gc on knowledge acquisition indifferent subjects in school. In all 9002 individuals from the Evaluation Through Follow-up longitudinal database were included. A path model was fitted to measures of Gf and Gc. Results showed that Gf had influence on measures of early and late Gc. However, there were no additional effects of Gf on subject grades, which was interpreted as providing partial support for the Encapsulation theory.
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| 23. |
- Thorsen, Cecilia, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Teachers’ grade assignment and the predictive validity of criterion-referenced grades.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Educational Research and Evaluation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1380-3611 .- 1744-4187. ; 18:2, s. 153-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research has found that grades are the most valid instruments for predicting educational success. Why grades have better predictive validity than, for example, standardized tests is not yet fully understood. One possible explanation is that grades reflect not only subject-specific knowledge and skills but also individual differences in other aspects. The purpose was to investigate the relative importance of knowledge and skills and other aspects encapsulated in grades for the predictive validity of compulsory school grades for educational success in upper secondary school. Structural equation modelling was used. Participants were 9th-grade students from 3 birth cohorts, each comprising full populations of approximately 100,000 students. The results showed that the subject-specific factors and an additional common grade factor contributed to the predictive validity. Effects of gender and parents' education were found in the common grade factor, with girls and students with a lower educational background being advantaged.
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