| 1. |
- Field, Christopher B., et al.
(författare)
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Summary for Policymakers
- 2014
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Ingår i: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and SectoralAspects.. - 9781107415379 ; , s. 1-32
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Jones, Rachel B., et al.
(författare)
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Rituximab versus Cyclophosphamide in ANCA-Associated Renal Vasculitis.
- 2010
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - Boston, MA, USA : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 363:3, s. 211-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cyclophosphamide induction regimens for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis are effective in 70 to 90% of patients, but they are associated with high rates of death and adverse events. Treatment with rituximab has led to remission rates of 80 to 90% among patients with refractory ANCA-associated vasculitis and may be safer than cyclophosphamide regimens. Methods: We compared rituximab with cyclophosphamide as induction therapy in ANCA-associated vasculitis. We randomly assigned, in a 3:1 ratio, 44 patients with newly diagnosed ANCA-associated vasculitis and renal involvement to a standard glucocorticoid regimen plus either rituximab at a dose of 375 mg per square meter of body-surface area per week for 4 weeks, with two intravenous cyclophosphamide pulses (33 patients, the rituximab group), or intravenous cyclophosphamide for 3 to 6 months followed by azathioprine (11 patients, the control group). Primary end points were sustained remission rates at 12 months and severe adverse events. Results: The median age was 68 years, and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 18 ml per minute per 1.73 m(sup 2) of body-surface area. A total of 25 patients in the rituximab group (76%) and 9 patients in the control group (82%) had a sustained remission (P=0.68). Severe adverse events occurred in 14 patients in the rituximab group (42%) and 4 patients in the control group (36%) (P=0.77). Six of the 33 patients in the rituximab group (18%) and 2 of the 11 patients in the control group (18%) died (P=1.00). The median increase in the GFR between 0 and 12 months was 19 ml per minute in the rituximab group and 15 ml per minute in the control group (P=0.14). Conclusions: A rituximab-based regimen was not superior to standard intravenous cyclophosphamide for severe ANCA-associated vasculitis. Sustained-remission rates were high in both groups, and the rituximab-based regimen was not associated with reductions in early severe adverse events. (Funded by Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust and F. Hoffmann-La Roche; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN28528813.) N Engl J Med 2010;363:211-20.
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| 3. |
- Moseley, Rachel L., et al.
(författare)
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Brain Routes for Reading in Adults with and without Autism: EMEG Evidence
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0162-3257 .- 1573-3432. ; 44:1, s. 137-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reading utilises at least two neural pathways. The temporal lexical route visually maps whole words to their lexical entries, whilst the nonlexical route decodes words phonologically via parietal cortex. Readers typically employ the lexical route for familiar words, but poor comprehension plus precocity at mechanically 'sounding out' words suggests that differences might exist in autism. Combined MEG/EEG recordings of adults with autistic spectrum conditions (ASC) and controls while reading revealed preferential recruitment of temporal areas in controls and additional parietal recruitment in ASC. Furthermore, a lack of differences between semantic word categories was consistent with previous suggestion that people with ASC may lack a 'default' lexical-semantic processing mode. These results are discussed with reference to dual-route models of reading.
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| 4. |
- van de Ruit, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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Quasi-One Dimensional in-Plane Conductivity in Filamentary Films of PEDOT:PSS
- 2013
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 23:46, s. 5778-5786
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanism and magnitude of the in-plane conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) thin fi lms is determined using temperature dependent conductivity measurements for various PEDOT: PSS weight ratios with and without a high boiling solvent (HBS). Without the HBS the in-plane conductivity of PEDOT: PSS is lower and for all studied weight ratios well described by the relation s = s0exp[-T0 T 0.5] with T 0 a characteristic temperature. The exponent 0.5 indicates quasi-one dimensional (quasi-1D) variable range hopping (VRH). The conductivity prefactor s 0 varies over three orders of magnitudes and follows a power law s 0. c 3.5 PEDOT with c PEDOT the weight fraction of PEDOT in PEDOT: PSS. The fi eld dependent conductivity is consistent with quasi-1D VRH. Combined, these observations suggest that conductance takes place via a percolating network of quasi-1D fi laments. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) fi lamentary structures are observed in vitrifi ed dispersions and dried fi lms. For PEDOT: PSS fi lms with HBS, the conductivity also exhibits quasi-1D VRH behavior when the temperature is less than 200 K. The low characteristic temperature T 0 indicates that HBStreated fi lms are close to the critical regime between a metal and an insulator. In this case, the conductivity prefactor scales linearly with c PEDOT, indicating the conduction is no longer limited by a percolation of fi laments. The lack of observable changes in TEM upon processing with the HBS suggests that the changes in conductivity are due to a smaller spread in the conductivities of individual fi laments, or a higher probability for neighboring fi laments to be connected rather than being caused by major morphological modifi cation of the material.
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