| 1. |
- Elsik, Christine G., et al.
(författare)
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The Genome Sequence of Taurine Cattle : A Window to Ruminant Biology and Evolution
- 2009
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 324:5926, s. 522-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.
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| 2. |
- Abdesselam, A., et al.
(författare)
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Engineering for the ATLAS SemiConductor Tracker (SCT) end-cap
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS SemiConductor Tracker (SCT) is a silicon-strip tracking detector which forms part of the ATLAS inner detector. The SCT is designed to track charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN at an energy of 14 TeV. The tracker is made up of a central barrel and two identical end-caps. The barrel contains 2112 silicon modules, while each end-cap contains 988 modules. The overall tracking performance depends not only on the intrinsic measurement precision of the modules but also on the characteristics of the whole assembly, in particular, the stability and the total material budget. This paper describes the engineering design and construction of the SCT end-caps, which are required to support mechanically the silicon modules, supply services to them and provide a suitable environment within the inner detector. Critical engineering choices are highlighted and innovative solutions are presented - these will be of interest to other builders of large-scale tracking detectors. The SCT end-caps will be fully connected at the start of 2008. Further commissioning will continue, to be ready for proton-proton collision data in 2008.
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| 3. |
- Ng, M Y M, et al.
(författare)
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Meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide linkage studies of schizophrenia
- 2009
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 14:8, s. 774-785
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A genome scan meta-analysis (GSMA) was carried out on 32 independent genome-wide linkage scan analyses that included 3255 pedigrees with 7413 genotyped cases affected with schizophrenia (SCZ) or related disorders. The primary GSMA divided the autosomes into 120 bins, rank-ordered the bins within each study according to the most positive linkage result in each bin, summed these ranks (weighted for study size) for each bin across studies and determined the empirical probability of a given summed rank (P(SR)) by simulation. Suggestive evidence for linkage was observed in two single bins, on chromosomes 5q (142-168 Mb) and 2q (103-134 Mb). Genome-wide evidence for linkage was detected on chromosome 2q (119-152 Mb) when bin boundaries were shifted to the middle of the previous bins. The primary analysis met empirical criteria for 'aggregate' genome-wide significance, indicating that some or all of 10 bins are likely to contain loci linked to SCZ, including regions of chromosomes 1, 2q, 3q, 4q, 5q, 8p and 10q. In a secondary analysis of 22 studies of European-ancestry samples, suggestive evidence for linkage was observed on chromosome 8p (16-33 Mb). Although the newer genome-wide association methodology has greater power to detect weak associations to single common DNA sequence variants, linkage analysis can detect diverse genetic effects that segregate in families, including multiple rare variants within one locus or several weakly associated loci in the same region. Therefore, the regions supported by this meta-analysis deserve close attention in future studies.
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| 4. |
- Aggett, Peter J, et al.
(författare)
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Feeding preterm infants after hospital discharge : a commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1536-4801 .- 0277-2116. ; 42:5, s. 596-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Survival of small premature infants has markedly improved during the last few decades. These infants are discharged from hospital care with body weight below the usual birth weight of healthy term infants. Early nutrition support of preterm infants influences long-term health outcomes. Therefore, the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition has reviewed available evidence on feeding preterm infants after hospital discharge. Close monitoring of growth during hospital stay and after discharge is recommended to enable the provision of adequate nutrition support. Measurements of length and head circumference, in addition to weight, must be used to identify those preterm infants with poor growth that may need additional nutrition support. Infants with an appropriate weight for postconceptional age at discharge should be breast-fed when possible. When formula-fed, such infants should be fed regular infant formula with provision of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Infants discharged with a subnormal weight for postconceptional age are at increased risk of long-term growth failure, and the human milk they consume should be supplemented, for example, with a human milk fortifier to provide an adequate nutrient supply. If formula-fed, such infants should receive special postdischarge formula with high contents of protein, minerals and trace elements as well as an long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supply, at least until a postconceptional age of 40 weeks, but possibly until about 52 weeks postconceptional age. Continued growth monitoring is required to adapt feeding choices to the needs of individual infants and to avoid underfeeding or overfeeding
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| 6. |
- Bhardwaj, R. D., et al.
(författare)
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Neocortical neurogenesis in humans is restricted to development.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 103:33, s. 12564-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stem cells generate neurons in discrete regions in the postnatal mammalian brain. However, the extent of neurogenesis in the adult human brain has been difficult to establish. We have taken advantage of the integration of (14)C, generated by nuclear bomb tests during the Cold War, in DNA to establish the age of neurons in the major areas of the human cerebral neocortex. Together with the analysis of the neocortex from patients who received BrdU, which integrates in the DNA of dividing cells, our results demonstrate that, whereas nonneuronal cells turn over, neurons in the human cerebral neocortex are not generated in adulthood at detectable levels but are generated perinatally.
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| 7. |
- Curtis, Maurice A, et al.
(författare)
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Human neuroblasts migrate to the olfactory bulb via a lateral ventricular extension.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 315:5816, s. 1243-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rostral migratory stream (RMS) is the main pathway by which newly born subventricular zone cells reach the olfactory bulb (OB) in rodents. However, the RMS in the adult human brain has been elusive. We demonstrate the presence of a human RMS, which is unexpectedly organized around a lateral ventricular extension reaching the OB, and illustrate the neuroblasts in it. The RMS ensheathing the lateral olfactory ventricular extension, as seen by magnetic resonance imaging, cell-specific markers, and electron microscopy, contains progenitor cells with migratory characteristics and cells that incorporate 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine and become mature neurons in the OB.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Curtis, Maurice A, et al.
(författare)
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The rostral migratory stream and olfactory system: smell, disease and slippery cells.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Progress in brain research. - 1875-7855. ; 175, s. 33-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the mammalian brain, olfaction is an important sense that is used to detect odors of different kinds that can warn of off food, to produce a mothering instinct in a flock or group of animals, and to warn of danger such as fire or poison. The olfactory system is made up of a long-distance rostral migratory stream that arises from the subventricular zone in the wall of the lateral ventricle, mainly comprises neuroblasts, and stretches all the way through the basal forebrain to terminate in the olfactory bulb. The olfactory bulb receives a constant supply of new neurons that allow ongoing integration of new and different smells, and these are integrated into either the granule cell layer or the periglomerular layer. The continuous turnover of neurons in the olfactory bulb allows us to study the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of neurons and their application in therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. In this chapter, we will examine the notion that the olfactory system might be the route of entry for factors that cause or contribute to neurodegeneration in the central nervous system. We will also discuss the enzymes that may be involved in the addition of polysialic acid to neural cell adhesion molecule, which is vital for allowing the neuroblasts to move through the rostral migratory stream. Finally, we will discuss a possible role of endosialidases for removing polysialic acid from neural cell adhesion molecules, which causes neuroblasts to stop migrating and terminally differentiate into olfactory bulb interneurons.
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| 11. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Kam, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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The cellular composition and morphological organization of the rostral migratory stream in the adult human brain.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of chemical neuroanatomy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-6300 .- 0891-0618. ; 37:3, s. 196-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rostral migratory stream (RMS) is the major pathway by which progenitor cells migrate from the subventricular zone (SVZ) to the olfactory bulb (OB) in rodents, rabbits and primates. However, the existence of an RMS within the adult human brain has been elusive. Immunohistochemical studies utilising cell-type specific markers for early progenitor cells (CD133), proliferating cells (PCNA), astrocytes and type B cells (GFAP) and migrating neuroblasts (PSA-NCAM), reveal that the adult human RMS is organized into layers containing glial cells, proliferating cells and neuroblasts. In addition, the RMS is arranged around a remnant of the ventricular cavity that extends from the SVZ to the OB as seen by immunohistological staining analysis and electron microscopy, showing the presence of basal bodies and a typical 9+2 arrangement of tubulin in tufts of cilia from all levels of the RMS. Overall, these findings suggest that a pathway of migratory progenitor cells similar to that seen in other mammals is present within the adult human brain and that this pathway could provide for neurogenesis in the human forebrain. These findings contribute to the scientific understanding of adult neurogenesis and establish the detailed cytoarchitecture of this novel neurogenic niche in the human brain.
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| 19. |
- Malkoch, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of well-defined hydrogel networks using Click chemistry
- 2006
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Ingår i: Chemical Communications. - 1359-7345 .- 1364-548X. ; :26, s. 2774-2776
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New PEG-based hydrogel materials have been synthesized by Click chemistry and shown to result in well-defined networks having significantly improved mechanical properties; the selectivity of the azide/ acetylene coupling reaction also allows for the incorporation of various additives and functional groups leading to chemical tailoring of the hydrogels.
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| 20. |
- Martinson, Indrek, et al.
(författare)
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Janne Rydberg - his life and work
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-583X. ; 235:1-4, s. 17-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The Rydberg formula is emblematic of atomic spectroscopy. We review here the personal background, research accomplishments, and academic career of its discoverer, Janne Rydberg. Although his formula is often introduced as a generalization of the hydrogenic Balmer formula, Rydberg’s work was independent of Balmer’s, and displayed great ingenuity and a rare ability to recognize hidden patterns in complex numerical data. Although his discoveries attracted wide attention, experimental physics was then considered inseparable from measurement, and the fact that Rydberg’s insightful formulations used the data of others impeded his academic career. Although Rydberg did not live to see the full theoretical implications of his discoveries, the vigorous study of Rydberg atoms continues today.
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| 21. |
- Medina-Gomez, Gema, et al.
(författare)
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PPAR gamma 2 prevents lipotoxicity by controlling adipose tissue expandability and peripheral lipid metabolism
- 2007
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Ingår i: PLOS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 3:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARg2) is the nutritionally regulated isoform of PPARg. Ablation of PPARg2 in the ob/ob background, PPARg2(-/-) Lep(ob)/Lep(ob) (POKO mouse), resulted in decreased fat mass, severe insulin resistance, beta-cell failure, and dyslipidaemia. Our results indicate that the PPARg2 isoform plays an important role, mediating adipose tissue expansion in response to positive energy balance. Lipidomic analyses suggest that PPARg2 plays an important antilipotoxic role when induced ectopically in liver and muscle by facilitating deposition of fat as relatively harmless triacylglycerol species and thus preventing accumulation of reactive lipid species. Our data also indicate that PPARg2 may be required for the beta-cell hypertrophic adaptive response to insulin resistance. In summary, the PPARg2 isoform prevents lipotoxicity by (a) promoting adipose tissue expansion, (b) increasing the lipid-buffering capacity of peripheral organs, and (c) facilitating the adaptive proliferative response of beta-cells to insulin resistance.
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| 22. |
- Neff, Curtis W., et al.
(författare)
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Coupled resonator optical waveguide structures with highly dispersive media
- 2006
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Ingår i: Optoeletronic Materials and Devices, Pts 1 and 2. - BELLINGHAM, WA : SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. - 0819464473 ; , s. U316-U324
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enhanced slow light propagation is predicted in a coupled resonator optical waveguide structure possessing highly dispersive elements using the finite-difference time-domain method. The group velocity is shown to be below 0.01c(0).
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| 23. |
- Neff, Curtis W., et al.
(författare)
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Coupled resonator optical waveguide structures with highly dispersive media
- 2007
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 15:16, s. 10362-10369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of photonic crystal coupled resonator optical waveguide (CROW) structures with a highly dispersive background medium is presented. A finite-difference time-domain algorithm was employed which contains an exact representation of the permittivity of a three-level atomic system which exhibits electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We find that the coupling strength between nearest-neighbor cavities in the CROW decreases with increasing steepness of the background dispersion, which is continuously tunable as it is directly related to the control field Rabi frequency. The weaker coupling decreases the speed of pulse propagation through the waveguide. In addition, due to the dispersive nature of the EIT background, the CROW band shape is tuned around a fixed k-point. Thus, the EIT background enables dynamic tunability of the CROW band shape and the group velocity in the structure at a fixed operating point in momentum space.
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| 24. |
- Neff, Curtis W., et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced Transmission in Dynamically Tuned Optical Microresonator Possessing Highly Dispersive Media
- 2007
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Ingår i: ECIO European Conference on Integrated Optics 2007. ; , s. WH4-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We present a theoretical study of an opticalmicroresonator system which contains a electromagneticallyinduced transparency medium within the resonator.We find that a time-dependent tuning of thedispersive properties of the resonator medium resultsin an enhanced transmission spectrum.
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| 25. |
- Neff, Curtis W., et al.
(författare)
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Modelling electromagnetically induced transparency media using the finite-difference time-domain method
- 2007
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Ingår i: New Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1367-2630. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Time-domain electromagnetic modelling of complex structures which include both non-dispersive media and media exhibiting electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) require a general, robust calculation method such as finite-difference time-domain (FDTD). We propose a complex-valued, exact two-pole representation of the permittivity of a three-level system which is suitable for integration into the FDTD algorithm via the auxiliary differential equation method. Our calculation model confirmed reported results which were calculated with an approximate representation of the EIT permittivity. Additionally, propagation calculations which mimic slow light experiments were performed. A major advantage of our representation is the ease with which changes in the control field Rabi frequency can be implemented by using a time-dependent permittivity.
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| 26. |
- Nguyen, S.N., et al.
(författare)
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Improved aircraft tire and stone models for runway debris lofting simulations
- 2009
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Ingår i: Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. - 9781563479731
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerical models used to simulate the lofting mechanisms of runway stones were developed to assess the threat to aircraft structures from runway debris impacts. An inflated aircraft tire model, which was validated by comparison with experimental indentation tests, showed that over-rolling of stones under typical takeoff conditions led to only modest vertical loft velocities of less than 5 m/s. Experiments using a drop weight impactor to simulate a section of aircraft tire descending upon stones, demonstrated that lofting was achieved with impacts with low rubber thicknesses, but with greater rubber thickness lofting was suppressed. Using more realistic tire geometries resulted in launches with backspin, but only horizontally along the ground in the direction of the tire axis. The speed at which launches occurred was proportional to the rate of descent of the tire section and would consequently determine the loft speeds due to potential asperity lofting. Copyright © 2009 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.
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| 27. |
- Nguyen, S.N., et al.
(författare)
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Improved models for runway debris lofting simulations
- 2009
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Ingår i: Aeronautical Journal. - 0001-9240. ; 113:1148, s. 669-681
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerical models used to simulate the lofting mechanisms of runway stones were developed to assess the threat to aircraft structures from runway debris impacts. An inflated aircraft tyre model, which was validated by comparison with experimental indentation tests, showed that over-rolling of stones under typical take-off conditions led to only modest vertical loft velocities of less than 5 m/s. Experiments using a drop weight impactor simulated a section of aircraft tyre descending upon stones. These tests demonstrated that lofting was achieved for impacts with low rubber thickness. However, for impacts with greater rubber thickness, lofting was suppressed. Using more realistic tyre geometries resulted in launches with backspin, but only horizontally along the ground in the direction of the tyre axis. The speed at which launches occurred was proportional to the rate of descent of the tyre section and would consequently determine the loft speeds due to potential asperity lofting.
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| 28. |
- Qiu, Min, et al.
(författare)
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Coupled resonator optical waveguides with electromagnetically induced transparent media
- 2006
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Ingår i: Technical digest. - : Optical Society of America. - 1557528160 - 9781557528162
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We numerically demonstrate ultra slow light in a coupled optical resonator waveguide embedded in a highly dispersive medium. This combination dramatically reduces the propagation speed of light pulses in the structure to below 1% c0.
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