| 1. |
- Ahrné, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Tillstånd och trender för arter och deras livsmiljöer – rödlistade arter i Sverige 2015
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- 2015 års upplaga av den svenska rödlistan är den fjärde i ordningen. Den är baserad på IUCN:s rödlistningskriterier och revideras vart femte år. I rödlistan bedöms risken som enskilda arter av djur, växter och svampar löper att försvinna från Sverige. Bedömningen utförs av ArtDatabankens medarbetare i samverkan med över 100 externa experter, indelade i 14 expertkommittéer för olika organismgrupper. Under arbetet med 2015 års rödlista har tillstånd och trender bedömts för 21 600 arter och 1 318 lägre taxa (apomiktiska arter, underarter och varieteter), sammanlagt ca 22 900 taxa. Av de bedömda arterna klassificerades 2 029 som hotade (kategorierna CR, EN och VU) och 4 273 som rödlistade (inkluderar även kategorierna NT, RE och DD). Förhållandet mellan antalet rödlistade och antalet bedömda arter ar 19,8 %, vilket är ungefär samma värde som 2010 och 2005. I denna rapport jämförs antalet och andelen rödlistade arter mellan olika organismgrupper, biotoper, substrat och påverkansfaktorer. Texten ar indelad i en allmän del och åtta kapitel inriktade på olika landskapstyper. Landskapstyperna utgör en grov indelning av landets miljöer enligt följande kategorier: Skog, Jordbrukslandskap, Urbana miljöer, Fjäll, Våtmarker, Sötvatten, Havsstränder och Havsmiljöer. Skogen och jordbrukslandskapet är de artrikaste landskapstyperna med 1 800 respektive 1 400 arter som har en stark anknytning dit, och ytterligare flera hundra arter som förekommer där mer sporadiskt. De faktorer som påverkar flest rödlistade arter i Sverige är skogsavverkning och igenväxning, som båda utgör ett hot mot vardera ca 30 % av de rödlistade arterna. Avverkning minskar arealen av skog där naturliga strukturer och naturlig dynamik upprätthålls, och den orsakar därmed förlust av livsmiljöer. Igenväxning orsakas av ett antal faktorer, bland annat upphörande hävd (bete och slåtter), gödsling, trädplantering och brist på naturliga störningsregimer som t.ex. regelbundna översvämningar kring vattendrag och sjöar. Andra viktiga påverkansfaktorer är fiske, torrläggning av våtmarker, tillbakagång hos värdarter (främst alm och ask som drabbats av invasiva svampsjukdomar), klimatförändringar och konkurrens från invasiva arter. IUCN:s rödlisteindex beräknas för ett urval av de bedömda organismgrupperna. Rödlisteindex visar att skillnaderna mellan rödlistorna från 2000, 2005, 2010 och 2015 är små. Ett par undantag finns dock. Groddjur och stora däggdjur har fått en något förbättrad situation sedan 2000. Totalt förefaller det ändå som att trycket mot Sveriges artstock har förblivit relativt konstant under de senaste 15 åren.
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| 2. |
- Ottosson, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Diverse ecological roles within fungal communities in decomposing logs of Picea abies
- 2015
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Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0168-6496 .- 1574-6941. ; 91:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fungal communities in Norway spruce (Picea abies) logs in two forests in Sweden were investigated by 454-sequence analyses and by examining the ecological roles of the detected taxa. We also investigated the relationship between fruit bodies and mycelia in wood and whether community assembly was affected by how the dead wood was formed. Fungal communities were highly variable in terms of phylogenetic composition and ecological roles: 1910 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected; 21% were identified to species level. In total, 58% of the OTUs were ascomycetes and 31% basidiomycetes. Of the 231 337 reads, 38% were ascomycetes and 60% basidiomycetes. Ecological roles were assigned to 35% of the OTUs, accounting for 62% of the reads. Wood-decaying fungi were the most common group; however, other saprotrophic, mycorrhizal, lichenized, parasitic and endophytic fungi were also common. Fungal communities in logs formed by stem breakage were different to those in logs originating from butt breakage or uprooting. DNA of specific species was detected in logs many years after the last recorded fungal fruiting. Combining taxonomic identification with knowledge of ecological roles may provide valuable insights into properties of fungal communities; however, precise ecological information about many fungal species is still lacking.
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| 3. |
- Dahlberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
786 svampar på 2015 års rödlista
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift. - 1653-0357. ; 36, s. 91-97-
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- A new Swedish Red List was published April 28th 2015 by the Swedish Species Information Centre in which 786 species of fungi are listed. Compared to the previous Red List published in 2010, 11 species have been down-listed, 51 species have been added and 35 species have changed names or taxonomic rank, thus the list has increased by 41. The changes are mainly due to increased knowledge of taxonomy, ecology and distribution, not to changes in the sta-tus of the species. Here, the members of the Species Specialist Group for Fungi 2011 – 2015 summarize the results of the red listing.
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| 4. |
- Dahlberg, Anders
(författare)
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A fungal perspective on conservation biology
- 2015
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Ingår i: Conservation Biology. - : Wiley. - 0888-8892 .- 1523-1739. ; 29, s. 61-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hitherto fungi have rarely been considered in conservation biology, but this is changing as the field moves from addressing single species issues to an integrative ecosystem-based approach. The current emphasis on biodiversity as a provider of ecosystem services throws the spotlight on the vast diversity of fungi, their crucial roles in terrestrial ecosystems, and the benefits of considering fungi in concert with animals and plants. We reviewed the role of fungi in ecosystems and composed an overview of the current state of conservation of fungi. There are 5 areas in which fungi can be readily integrated into conservation: as providers of habitats and processes important for other organisms; as indicators of desired or undesired trends in ecosystem functioning; as indicators of habitats of conservation value; as providers of powerful links between human societies and the natural world because of their value as food, medicine, and biotechnological tools; and as sources of novel tools and approaches for conservation of megadiverse organism groups. We hope conservation professionals will value the potential of fungi, engage mycologists in their work, and appreciate the crucial role of fungi in nature. Una Perspectiva Micotica de la Biologia de la ConservacionResumen Hasta el momento, los hongos rara vez han sido considerados dentro de la Biologia de la Conservacion, pero esto esta cambiando conforme la disciplina cambia su enfoque en problemas de especies individuales hacia una estrategia integrada basada en los ecosistemas. El enfasis actual en la biodiversidad como proveedor de servicios ambientales enfoca la atencion en la amplia diversidad de hongos, sus papeles cruciales en los ecosistemas terrestres y los beneficios de considerar a los hongos en sintonia con las plantas y los animales. Revisamos el papel de los hongos en los ecosistemas y elaboramos un resumen del estado actual de su conservacion. Hay cinco areas en las cuales los hongos pueden integrarse inmediatamente en la conservacion: como proveedores de habitats y procesos importantes para otros organismos; como indicadores de tendencias deseadas o indeseadas en el funcionamiento del ecosistema; como indicadores de habitats con valor de conservacion; como proveedores de enlaces fuertes entre las sociedades humanas y el mundo natural debido a sus valores como alimento, medicinas y herramientas biotecnologicas; y como una fuente de herramientas y estrategias novedosas para la conservacion de grupos megadiversos de organismos. Esperamos que los profesionales de la conservacion valoren el potencial de los hongos, integren a los micologos en su trabajo y aprecien el papel crucial de los hongos en la naturaleza.
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| 5. |
- Dahlberg, Anders
(författare)
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Conservation of fungi
- 2018
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Ingår i: State of the Worlds Fungi 2018. ; , s. 70-77
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Dahlberg, Anders
(författare)
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Hyggesfritt eller kalhyggesbruk? : en flerbottnad diskussion
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biodiverse. - 1401-5064. ; 22, s. 20-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Skogens olika värden uppmärksammas alltmer. Det är inte längre bara timmer- och massaproduktion som är i blickfånget utan även biologisk mångfald, biobränsle, renskötsel, rekreation och friluftsliv och ekosystemtjänster. Debatten om det bästa sättet att bruka och sköta skogen har stundtals varit hård. Nu växer insikten om att olika skötselmetoder an komplettera varandra för att förverkliga olika mål.
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| 7. |
- Dahlberg, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Anthropogenic and naturally produced brominated substances in Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras) from two sites in the Baltic Sea
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 144, s. 2408-2414
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the eutrophicated Baltic Sea, several naturally produced hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) have been found in marine biota. OH-PBDEs are toxic to adult and developing zebrafish and shown to be potent disruptors of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Disturbed OXPHOS can result in altered energy metabolism and weight loss. In herring, the concentration of OH-PBDEs (i.e. 2'-OH-BDE68 and 6-OH-BDE47) has increased during the period 1980-2010 in the Baltic Proper. Over the same time period, the condition and fat content in Baltic herring have decreased. Given the toxicity and increasing trends of OH-PBDEs in Baltic herring it is important to further assess the exposure to OH-PBDEs in Baltic herring. In this study, the concentrations of OH-PBDEs and related brominated substances i.e. polybrominated phenols (PBPs), polybrominated anisoles (PBAs), methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in herring sampled in the northern Baltic Proper (Asko, n = 12) and the southern Bothnian Sea (Angskarsklubb, n = 12). The geometric mean (GM) concentrations (ng/g l.w.) at Asko and Angskarsklubb were; Sigma(2)PBPs: 4.3 and 9.6, Sigma 2PBAs: 34 and 20, Sigma 6OH-PBDEs: 9.4 and 10, Sigma 7MeO-PBDEs: 42 and 150, Sigma 6PBDEs: 54 and 27, respectively. 6-OH-BDE47 dominated the OH-PBDE profile and comprised 87% (Asko) and 91% (Angskarsklubb) of the Sigma OH-PBDEs. At Angskarsklubb the mean concentration of Sigma MeO-PBDEs (150 ng/g l.w.) was 15 times higher than Sigma OH-PBDEs. As other fish species are known to metabolically transform MeO-PBDEs to OH-PBDEs, high levels of MeO-PBDEs can be of concern as a precursor for more toxic OH-PBDEs in herring and their roe.
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| 8. |
- Dahlberg, Anders
(författare)
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New Data on Cortinarius funga (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Altaiskiy nature reserve and Gorno-Altaysk area (SW Siberia, Russia)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Mikologiâ i fitopatologiâ. - 0026-3648. ; 53, s. 325-341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During an expedition in 2018 to Teletskoye Lake, Altaiskiy Nature Reserve and Gorno-Altaysk area (Altay Republic), 49 Cortinarius species were collected and documented, including ITS DNA sequencing of 32 samples. A total of 29 telamonioid species, 3 dermocyboid species, 6 anomaloid species, 6 phlegmacioid species, 3 myxacioid species and 2 species from other groups were found, of which 32 species are new to Altay and 14 species new to Russia. The Cortinarius funga of the Pinus – Betula – Abies forests of Altay is apparently very similar to that of boreal North Europe, and indicates a remarkable uniformity of the taiga from Scandinavia to western Siberia, with respect to fungal communities. Cortinarius privignipallens coll., C. subheterocyclus, C. nodosisporus appeared to be rare Eurasian species. A few undescribed species were also recorded, but since belonging to species complexes, they need further studies. Most of Cortinarius species (33) were found in Pinus sylvestris (Betula) mossy delta forests on sand/pebbles, whereas 9 species were found in the Pinus sibirica – Abies sibirica – Betula mixed tall herb slope forests. A few species were also found in the Alnus viridis subsp. fructicosa – Salix viminalis (Betula) riparian delta forest (3 taxa). Altogether 13 species were recorded in the calciphilous semi-open, partly grazed Betula pendula woodland around Gorno-Altaysk.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Dahlberg, Anders
(författare)
-
Reintroduction of threatened fungal species via inoculation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 203, s. 120-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reintroduction of locally extinct species is increasingly applied as a conservation tool for re-establishing species within their historical ranges. Thus far, this option has however not been investigated for fungi other than lichens. A large fraction of wood-inhabiting fungal species have declined because of forest loss and fragmentation, in addition to a decrease in dead wood. Here, we show the results from an experiment carried out in southern Finland, which demonstrates that inoculation is an effective method for reintroducing threatened wood-inhabiting fungi. All selected red-listed fungal species successfully established in the inoculated logs as mycelia, and three out of the seven produced fruit-bodies. Success rate was greater when the strains were inoculated in early-decay logs, including species that usually fruit in late decay stages. Inoculation can provide an effective tool for reintroducing fungal species, as the source populations remain intact and it is possible to produce massive amounts of inoculation-units with relatively low cost. Reintroductions of fungi should however be preceded by a risk assessment of the species to be reintroduced, by using source populations from nearby localities, and they should be considered complementary to the primary target of increasing the amount of their habitat. Our results suggest that the reintroduction of threatened fungi via inoculation in combination with other conservation measures can have important bearings for forest conservation and restoration. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Dahlberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Svampar Fungi
- 2015
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Ingår i: Rödlistade arter i Sverige 2015. - 9789187853104 ; , s. 53-71
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Dahlberg, Anders
(författare)
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The influence of spatial scales on Red List composition: Forest species in Fennoscandia
- 2017
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Ingår i: Global Ecology and Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 2351-9894. ; 11, s. 247-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- National Red Lists are widely used prioritizing tools for nature conservation. However, status and trends of species vary with scale, and accounting for a larger spatial scale may provide complementary perspectives for nature conservation. We investigate effects of up-scaling and influence of wider-scale distribution patterns for composition of Red Lists. We collated nationally red-listed forest species in Norway, Sweden and Finland, and extracted "Candidates for a Fennoscandian Red List" (CFRL), defined as species red-listed where they appear in the region. For each country, we compared composition of organism groups and forest type associations of species that were national CFRL to the nationally red-listed species not CFRL. European distribution patterns were compared to investigate how broader-scale distribution is reflected in national Red Lists.Among the 4830 nationally red-listed forest species in Fennoscandia, 58% were CFRL. The fraction of species in the different forest type and species groups differed significantly between the two spatial scales for several groups, although the overall differences in composition were relatively small. Red-listed species had more confined distribution patterns, suggesting that many nationally red-listed species owe their status to being at the edge of their distribution range.An up-scaling had a large effect on which species designated to a Red List, but a relatively small impact on which organism groups or forest types that contained most red-listed species. A regional perspective generated by compilation of national Red Lists can give valuable complementary information on the status of species and effects of scale. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 15. |
- Dahlberg, Anders
(författare)
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The potential to use documentation in national Red Lists to characterize red-listed forest species in Fennoscandia and to guide conservation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Global Ecology and Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 2351-9894. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Loss of biodiversity is a pressing global issue, hence it is vital to facilitate informed and effective conservation. As conservation mainly operates at the level of habitats, aiming for species of conservation interest, conservation and management require adequate ecological knowledge of prioritized species for the geographic and environmental setting considered.Our aim was to investigate if ecological documentation in national Red Lists could be combined and used to identify important forest habitats and ecological variables for red-listed forest species in Fennoscandia, and whether this knowledge could be arranged at different geographical scales and for various selections of species of conservation interest. We compiled the national Red Lists of Finland, Norway and Sweden and extracted ecological information for all red-listed forest species (n = 4830). We used a principal component analysis to investigate variation in distribution of species and their habitat associations and taxonomical groups, and to group species of similar associations. We further used the listed species in Sweden as an example, and compared the proportions of species associated to the ecological variables dead wood, living trees or merely the "forest floor and understory" a) at larger and smaller scale (Fennoscandia - county in Sweden), b) in regions with contrasting biomes (nemoral and boreal), and c) in two more limited selections of species of conservation interest; Fennoscandian and globally red-listed species also red-listed in Sweden.Ecological information could be extracted for 96% of the species, albeit with a low resolution; i.e. overall forest habitats, associated tree species, lifeforms and six other ecological variables selected based on their frequent appearance in the Red List documentation. Using this information, we identified five large-scale patterns for Fennoscandian red-listed species; the majority of red-listed species is associated with coniferous forest. The number of red-listed species associated with specific tree species was poorly correlated with the amount of each tree species in Fennoscandia. Dead wood was one of the most important habitat features in terms of number of associated red-listed species, and the proportion of species associated to dead wood was similar in coniferous, boreal and nemoral broad-leaved forests types.We demonstrate that ecological documentation in national Red Lists can be used to identify general ecological variables at varying geographical scales and for different selections of species, albeit not with sufficient resolution to provide detailed local conservation guidelines. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 16. |
- Dahlberg, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Ten years transmission of the new variant of Chlamydia trachomatis in Sweden : prevalence of infections and associated complications
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sexually Transmitted Infections. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1368-4973 .- 1472-3263. ; 94:2, s. 100-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: In 2006, a new variant of Chlamydia trachomatis (nvCT) was discovered in Sweden. It has a deletion in the plasmid resulting in failed detection by the single target systems from Abbott and Roche used at that time, whereas the third system used, from Becton Dickinson (BD), detects nvCT. The proportion of nvCT was initially up to 65% in counties using Abbott/Roche systems. This study analysed the proportion of nvCT from 2007 to 2015 in four selected counties and its impact on chlamydia-associated complications.METHODS: C. trachomatis-positive specimens collected from 2007 to 2015 were analysed by a specific PCR to identify nvCT cases. Genotyping was performed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and ompA sequencing. Ectopic pregnancy and pelvic inflammatory disease records were extracted from the national registers.RESULTS: In total, 5101 C. trachomatis-positive samples were analysed. The nvCT proportion significantly decreased in the two counties using Roche systems, from 56% in 2007 to 6.5% in 2015 (p<0.001). In the two counties using BD systems, a decrease was also seen, from 19% in 2007 to 5.2% in 2015 (p<0.001). Fifteen nvCT cases from 2015 and 102 cases from 2006 to 2009 had identical MLST profiles. Counties using Roche/Abbott systems showed higher mean rates of ectopic pregnancy and pelvic inflammatory disease compared with counties using BD systems.CONCLUSIONS: The nvCT proportion has decreased in all counties and converged to a low prevalence irrespective of previous rates. Genotyping showed that nvCT is clonal and genetically stable. Failing detection only marginally affected complication rates.
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| 17. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
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Health Information and Well-Being: Evidence from an Asymptomatic Disease
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We examine how health information affects individuals' subjective well-being using a regression discontinuity design on data from a screening program for an asymptomatic disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The information provided to the individuals is guided by the measured aorta size and its relation to pre-determined levels. When comparing individuals that receive information that they are healthy with those that receive information that they are in the risk zone for AAA, we find no effects. However, when comparing those that receive information that they have a small AAA, and will be under increased surveillance, with those who receive information that they are in the risk zone, we find a weak positive effect on well-being. This indicates that the information about increased surveillance (positive) may outweigh the information about worse health (negative).
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| 18. |
- de Jong, Johnny, et al.
(författare)
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Impact on species of conservation interest of forest harvesting for bioenergy purposes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 383, s. 37-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood harvested from logging residues, pre-commercial and conservation thinnings is increasingly being used as biofuel as a substitute for fossil fuels. Here, we review the additional impact that wood harvesting for energy purposes has on species of conservation interest (SCI) in Swedish forests compared with the effects of conventional management, a perspective that largely has not been taken into consideration. We compiled data from 122 studies of forest fuel extraction with short- and long-term perspectives at the stand and landscape level to examine whether the effects on SCI are due to an additional loss of bio-diversity as a result of cutting old forest or owing to competition from species that are favoured by the habitats formed by clearcutting. We also consider whether forest bioenergy extractions can be used to favour conservation values. The amount of logging residues has, in parallel to the amount of annually harvested trees, doubled during the past 50 years in Sweden and constitutes the major source of dead wood for biodiversity in managed forests. Common wood-inhabiting species, predominantly fungi, beetles and other insects, and to some extent lichens, are the main species affected by wood harvesting for energy purposes. The main cause for the decline of SCI is the impact already imposed by conventional forest management: clearcutting old forest stands with subsequent soil scarification. Few SCI survive clear-felling because these species typically require other types of conditions and substrates than the new dead-wood substrate created after clear-felling. We conclude that the logging residues of conifers could potentially be harvested with small to negligible impacts on SCI. However, owing to the limited number of landscape level analyses that have been performed and the inherent difficulties of assessing the effects of wood harvesting on rare SCI, we suggest that these findings need to be treated with caution and that further studies should be undertaken. Hardwood conservation thinnings and brushwood harvest may improve conservation values. Developing operational guidelines to help to mitigate ecological damage to biodiversity should be based on cautionary principles and requires further large-scale and long-term research. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
- Engelbrecht Clemmensen, Karina, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon sequestration is related to mycorrhizal fungal community shifts during long-term succession in boreal forests
- 2015
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 205, s. 1525-1536
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Boreal forest soils store a major proportion of the global terrestrial carbon (C) and below-ground inputs contribute as much as above-ground plant litter to the total C stored in the soil. A better understanding of the dynamics and drivers of root-associated fungal communities is essential to predict long-term soil C storage and climate feedbacks in northern ecosystems. We used 454-pyrosequencing to identify fungal communities across fine-scaled soil profiles in a 5000yr fire-driven boreal forest chronosequence, with the aim of pinpointing shifts in fungal community composition that may underlie variation in below-ground C sequestration. In early successional-stage forests, higher abundance of cord-forming ectomycorrhizal fungi (such as Cortinarius and Suillus species) was linked to rapid turnover of mycelial biomass and necromass, efficient nitrogen (N) mobilization and low C sequestration. In late successional-stage forests, cord formers declined, while ericoid mycorrhizal ascomycetes continued to dominate, potentially facilitating long-term humus build-up through production of melanized hyphae that resist decomposition. Our results suggest that cord-forming ectomycorrhizal fungi and ericoid mycorrhizal fungi play opposing roles in below-ground C storage. We postulate that, by affecting turnover and decomposition of fungal tissues, mycorrhizal fungal identity and growth form are critical determinants of C and N sequestration in boreal forests.See also the Commentary by Christopher W. Fernandez and Peter G. Kennedy
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| 20. |
- Hiron, Matthew, et al.
(författare)
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Consequences of bioenergy wood extraction for landscape-level availability of habitat for dead wood-dependent organisms
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 198, s. 33-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stumps and slash resulting from forest clearcutting is used as a source of low-net-carbon energy, but there are concerns about the consequences of biofuel extraction on biodiversity. Logging residues constitute potentially important habitats, since a large part of forest biodiversity is dependent on dead wood. Here we used snapshot field data from a managed forest landscape (25 000 ha) to predict landscape scale population changes of dead wood dependent organisms after extraction of stumps and slash after clearcutting. We did this by estimating habitat availability for all observed dead wood dependent beetles, macrofungi, and lichens (380 species) in the whole landscape. We found that 53% of species occurred in slash or stumps. For most species, population declines after moderate extraction (<= 30%) were small (<10% decline) because they mainly occur on other dead wood types. However, some species were only recorded in slash and stumps. Red listed species were affected by slash and stump extraction (12 species), but less often than other species. Beetles and fungi were more affected by stump extraction, while lichens were more affected by slash extraction. For beetles and lichens, extraction of a combination of spruce, pine and birch resulted in larger negative effects than if only extracting spruce, while for fungi tree species had little effect. We conclude that extensive extraction decreases the amount of habitat to such extent that it may have negative consequences on species persistence at the landscape level. The negative consequences can be limited by extracting only slash, or only logging residues from spruce stands. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 21. |
- Jonsell, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Stubbskörd och biologisk mångfald
- 2017
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Ingår i: Stubbskörd - hur påverkas klimat och miljö?. - 9789157694546 ; , s. 67-71
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 22. |
- Jonsell, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Stump extraction and biodiversity
- 2017
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Ingår i: Stump harvesting: impact on climate and environment. ; :43: TR 2017:02, s. 67-74
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 23. |
- Jonsson, Micael, et al.
(författare)
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Divergent responses of beta-diversity among organism groups to a strong environmental gradient
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ecosphere. - : Wiley. - 2150-8925 .- 2150-8925. ; 7:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A limited understanding of how variation in the species composition among communities (i.e., beta-diversity) changes along natural environmental gradients, and the mechanisms responsible, inhibits our ability to understand large-scale biodiversity change resulting from either natural or anthropogenic drivers. Therefore, our aim was to test key drivers of beta-diversity patterns along a strong, natural environmental gradient for seven widely different organisms groups, that is, root-associated fungi, litter fungi, soil nematodes, vascular plants, epiphytic lichens, beetles, and spiders. Using previously published community-level data from boreal-forested islands, we calculated alpha-diversity and beta-diversity for each of the seven organism groups. Out of several available environmental variables, we identified four variables, that is, ecosystem age, total C storage, net primary productivity (NPP), and N-to-P ratio, as potential predictors of variation in beta-diversity. We found that ecosystem age was the variable with the highest overall importance. We then used two different methods to quantify the relative importance of stochastic and deterministic processes underlying patterns in beta-diversity along the ecosystem age gradient, and our detailed knowledge based on prior data collection in the study system to mechanistically explain among-group differences in these patterns. We found divergent responses in beta-diversity along the age gradient for the seven different organism groups, due to among-group differences in the relative importance of deterministic vs. stochastic community assembly, and attributed these results to reliance on resources from different energy channels that are not always related to NPP. Our results highlight the necessity to consider the importance of taxon-specific resources, and not only NPP, to obtain an understanding of beta-diversity patterns among organism groups and ecosystems, as well as large-scale patterns in biodiversity. They therefore also suggest that management and protection of beta-biodiversity in the landscape requires explicit consideration of a wide range of habitats.
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| 24. |
- Kubart, Ariana, et al.
(författare)
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Fungal communities in Norway spruce stumps along a latitudinal gradient in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 371, s. 50-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tree stumps left after clear-cutting have replaced naturally formed logs as the most common type of coarse woody debris in managed boreal forests. It is therefore necessary to understand stump importance for the biodiversity of wood-inhabiting organisms, including fungi, and determine their role in hosting species of conservation interest. We analyzed wood from 485 Norway spruce (Picea abies) stumps from 41 clear-cuts at seven localities along a latitudinal gradient from northern to southern Sweden using 454-sequencing. We also collated data about the known ecology of the 86 identified macro-basidiomycetes. In total, 1355 fungal operational taxonomic units were detected, of which 19% were identified down to genus or species level. The most widespread fungi were generalists, such as Leptodontidium elatius, Resinicium bicolor, Fomitopsis pinicola, and Coniophora puteana. Five species of conservation interest were detected, but were not abundant (Kneiffiella curvispora, Metulodontia nivea, Perenniporia subacida, Postia placenta, and Climacocystis borealis). Fungal community composition changed with stump age and along the latitudinal gradient.These results will enable us to better incorporate important biodiversity and conservation issues when making decisions about using stumps as resources for biofuel. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 25. |
- Olson, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Typification of Friesian names in Cortinarius sections Anomali, Spilomei, and Bolares, and description of two new species from northern Europe
- 2016
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Ingår i: Mycological Progress. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1617-416X .- 1861-8952. ; 15, s. 903-919
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seven commonly used Friesian names of Cortinarius sect. Anomali, Spilomei, and Bolares are discussed. Neotypes for C. anomalus, C. spilomeus, and C. bolaris, as well as epitypes for C. albocyaneus, C. caninus, and C. tabularis are proposed. The distinction of these six species is supported by both morphological and rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) data, whereas C. azureus, as currently typified, is considered as a synonym of C. anomalus, but could also be considered as nomen dubium. Barcodes (ITS) and morphological descriptions based on materials from a broad geographical area in Europe are provided for each species. Furthermore, two new species, C. jonimitchelliae and C. pastoralis, from northern Europe are described. The latter is proposed to accommodate C. anomalus subsp. campestris, which has been described from treeless habitats with Helianthemum. Our study reveals that the subsp. campestris is not an intraspecific variety of C. anomalus, but an own species close to C. caninus, and has a much wider distribution and host range than earlier thought. An identification key for the species/sections included here is provided.
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| 26. |
- Persson, Tryggve, et al.
(författare)
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High species richness in spruce stumps
- 2017
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Ingår i: Stump harvesting: impact on climate and environment. ; :Task 43: 2017:02, s. 54-66
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 27. |
- Persson, Tryggve, et al.
(författare)
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Hög artmångfald i granstubbar
- 2017
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Ingår i: Stubbskörd – hur påverkas klimat och miljö?. - 9789157694546 ; , s. 56-65
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 28. |
- Ranius, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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The evolutionary species pool concept does not explain occurrence patterns of dead-wood-dependent organisms: implications for logging residue extraction
- 2019
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Ingår i: Oecologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939. ; 191, s. 241-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emulation of natural disturbances is often regarded as a key measure to make forestry biodiversity-oriented. Consequently, extraction of logging residues is assumed to have little negative effect in comparison to extraction of dead wood mainly formed at natural disturbances. This is consistent with the evolutionary species pool hypothesis, which suggests that most species are evolutionary adapted to the naturally most abundant habitats. We tested this hypothesis for dead-wood-dependent macrofungi, lichens, and beetles in a boreal forest landscape in central Sweden, assuming that species are adapted to conditions similar to today's unmanaged forest. No occurrence patterns, for the species groups which we investigated, were consistent with the hypothesis. Overall, stumps and snags had the highest habitat quality (measured as average population density with equal weight given to each species) and fine woody debris the lowest, which was unexpected, since stumps were the rarest dead-wood type in unmanaged forest. We conclude that the evolutionary species pool concept did not explain patterns of species' occurrences, and for two reasons, the concept is not reliable as a general rule of thumb: (1) what constitute habitats harbouring different species communities can only be understood from habitat-specific studies and (2) the suitability of habitats is affected by their biophysical characteristics. Thus, emulation of natural disturbances may promote biodiversity, but empirical studies are needed for each habitat to understand how natural disturbances should be emulated. We also conclude that stump extraction for bioenergy is associated with larger risks for biodiversity than fine woody debris extraction.
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| 29. |
- Sterkenburg, Erica, et al.
(författare)
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The significance of retention trees for survival of ectomycorrhizal fungi in clear-cut Scots pine forests
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0021-8901 .- 1365-2664. ; 56, s. 1367-1378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forestry with short stand generations and simplified forest structures has markedly affected forest biodiversity. One group of organisms adversely affected by clear-cutting is ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, as they are associated with the roots of living trees. Retention forestry is a way of reducing logging impacts and enhancing biodiversity conservation. Increasing the proportion of trees retained at harvest may improve ECM fungal diversity. We investigated the potential for lifeboating of ECM fungi through the harvesting phase in an experimental field study in a 190-year-old Scots pine forest in northern Sweden. The experiment comprised four levels of tree retention-unlogged forest, plots with 60% or 30% of evenly distributed trees retained and clear-cuts without retained trees. We sampled soils and determined identities, frequencies and relative abundances of ECM fungal species during 3 years following logging through the use of high-throughput sequencing of amplified ITS2 markers. We identified 149 ECM fungal species, with the five most abundant species accounting for 50% of the total ECM fungal amplicons. Three years after harvesting, the proportion of ECM sequences in the total amplicon pool had decreased proportionally to the extent of tree removal. In clear-cuts, ECM fungal relative abundance had decreased by 95%, while ECM fungal species richness had declined by 75%, compared to unlogged plots. Tree retention enabled the maintenance of the most frequent ECM species, while more lowly abundant species were progressively lost at random with increasing level of tree removal. Five of the most frequent ECM fungal species remained present after clear-cutting, probably associated with pine seedlings. Synthesis and applications. Tree retention can moderate short-term and potentially also long-term logging impacts on ECM fungi. Local ECM fungal diversity is preserved in proportion to the amount of retained trees. Abundant species may be largely maintained, even by low levels of tree retention and on naturally established seedlings. However, conservation of more infrequent species requires higher levels of tree retention, and our results suggest that around 75% of the ECM species are lost with the forest certification standard of 5% retention trees left at logging.
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| 30. |
- Sundberg, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Nytt i nya rödlistan
- 2015
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Ingår i: Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift. - 0039-646X. ; 109, s. 188-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The new Swedish Red List of vascular plants, bryophytes, algae, lichens and macrofungi is briefly presented. These groups now comprise more than 1800 red-listed species, corresponding to 21% of the assessed species. A net increase of 170 red-listed species since 2010 is mainly the result of more data to base the assessments on. For the first time, four sections in the plant genus Hieracium have been assessed, resulting in an addition of 327 apomictic plant species to the Red List. Logging of old-growth forest and overgrowth of former open and semi-open habitats (mainly because of ceased management of semi-natural habitats) are the stressors that harm most species, while eutrophication, drainage, water level regulation and exploitation are also important. The dieback of the elm species Ulmus glabra, U. minor, and ash Fraxinus excelsior, because of invasive pathogens, negatively affects many species of lichens, fungi and bryophytes being dependent on these host trees. In the forest landscape, the main challenge is to allow forestry without clear-cutting large areas and to maintain mixed stands regarding tree species and age distribution. In the agricultural landscape the challenge is to maintain and improve management by grazing and mowing in semi-natural grasslands, but also wooded areas, despite a continuous decline in the number of domestic cattle. In valuable wetlands and lakes, the negative impact of old ditches and water level regulation should be reduced. Species conservation in urban areas, like cities (lawns, parks and gardens), road verges and former sandpits, poses a promising challenge where much more could be done to improve the situation for red-listed species.
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| 31. |
- Svensson, Måns, et al.
(författare)
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The relative importance of stand and dead wood types for wood dependent lichens in managed boreal forests
- 2016
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Ingår i: Fungal Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 20, s. 166-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For efficient conservation, we need to consider both what kinds of habitat species require and the landscape-level supply of these habitats. We examined the relative importance of stand and dead wood types for wood-dependent lichens in two managed boreal forest landscapes in Sweden. We found 20 species and modelled their abundance based on stand type and dead wood characteristics using hierarchical Bayesian models or point estimates. Stands <60 years both have a large total extent and a large proportion of dead wood, resulting in the main part of the populations of most wood-dependent lichens occurring there. Older managed stands and unmanaged mires harbour smaller proportions of the populations. Stumps and snags, and to some extent logs, had high abundances of many species of wood dependent lichens in managed forest landscapes, while dead branches were used by few species. Measures taken to produce more snags should benefit wood-dependent lichens in managed landscapes. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.
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| 32. |
- Tuovinen, Veera, et al.
(författare)
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No support for occurrence of free-living Cladonia mycobionts in dead wood
- 2015
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Ingår i: Fungal Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 14, s. 130-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lichenised fungi are traditionally assumed to form obligate symbioses with algae or cyanobacteria and to be confined to the surface of their growing substratum. However, in a recent 454 pyrosequencing study of fungal communities in Picea abies logs, lichen-forming fungi were detected at a depth of more than 6 cm in dead wood, implying the existence of free-living lichen mycobionts. To determine whether this was the case, we investigated whether Cladonia spp., the most frequently encountered mycobionts, occurred in wood without their photobionts. We detected green algae in all samples with records of Cladonia spp. Hence, we found no evidence for free-living Cladonia mycobionts in wood. We suggest that the detected Cladonia DNA in these logs originates from vegetative propagules or thallus fragments dispersed into the logs by animals or water. However, the occurrence of free-living stages of other lichen-forming fungal taxa in dead wood cannot be excluded. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Varenius, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effects of tree harvesting on ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in boreal Scots pine forests
- 2016
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 380, s. 41-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Management of boreal forests with clear-cutting has a marked effect on forest biodiversity. One directly and severely affected group of species is ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), because of their dependence on living host trees. Key questions in nature conservation and potentially for fungal ecosystem services are whether EMF communities as regenerated stands age will develop into a similar composition as in natural stands, and whether forest regeneration method matters. We addressed these questions by analyzing EMF communities in (1) 157-174 year-old natural and about 50-year-old Scots pine forest stands regenerated by (2) clear-cutting and planting, or (3) shelterwood regeneration with naturally established seedlings. We identified 98 EMF species hypotheses (SHs) using IonTorrent sequencing of soil cores from nine forest stands. We compared these results with a sporocarp survey and an RFLP-analysis of ectomycorrhizal roots performed 18 years earlier.When testing individual SHs (in the sequencing data 2013) 13 of the 20 most frequent EMF SHs in natural forest stands were present in similar frequencies in 50-year-old managed stands whereas 7 SHs were observed at different frequencies. The overall EMF community composition differed between natural and 50-year-old managed stands both when assessing sporocarp data from 1995 to 1998 and sequencing data from 2013. One individually tested SH was found to differ between 50-year-old shelterwood and clear-cut stands and no difference in EMF overall community composition was found between the two regeneration methods. Species richness was similar in all stands. The RFLP-analysis largely identified the same common species as the current study.Our result suggests that timber harvest has a minor effect on frequent EMF in a 30-50 year perspective. However, both the current study of soil mycelia and the sporocarp survey imply the overall composition of EMF communities to be affected. A contributing factor is the higher presence of Norway spruce in the natural stands. Moreover, the majority of species were not sufficiently frequent to be statistically tested. The importance of surviving mycelia, spore bank and new spore deposition is discussed. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 35. |
- Varenius, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Retention of seed trees fails to lifeboat ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity in harvested Scots pine forests
- 2017
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Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0168-6496 .- 1574-6941. ; 93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fennoscandian forestry has in the past decades changed from natural regeneration of forests towards replantation of clear-cuts, which negatively impacts ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) diversity. Retention of trees during harvesting enables EMF survival, and we therefore expected EMF communities to be more similar to those in old natural stands after forest regeneration using seed trees compared to full clear-cutting and replanting. We sequenced fungal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) amplicons to assess EMF communities in 10- to 60-year-old Scots pine stands regenerated either using seed trees or through replanting of clear-cuts with old natural stands as reference. We also investigated local EMF communities around retained old trees. We found that retention of seed trees failed to mitigate the impact of harvesting on EMF community composition and diversity. With increasing stand age, EMF communities became increasingly similar to those in old natural stands and permanently retained trees maintained EMF locally. From our observations, we conclude that EMF com m unities, at least common species, post-harvest are more influenced by environmental filtering, resulting from environmental changes induced by harvest, than by the continuity of trees. These results suggest that retention of intact forest patches is a more efficient way to conserve EMF diversity than retaining dispersed single trees.
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| 36. |
- Vasaitis, Rimvydas, et al.
(författare)
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Cut Picea abies Stumps Constitute Low Quality Substrate for Sustaining Biodiversity in Fungal Communities
- 2016
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Ingår i: Baltic Forestry. - 1392-1355. ; 22, s. 239-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As large-scale stump harvesting for biofuel is implemented in North Europe, it raised concern of depriving of coarse dead wood and reducing biodiversity of wood fungi. Aims of this study: i) to analyze what sampling effort would be required to reflect fungal diversity in cut tree stumps; ii) to evaluate relevance of found species for nature conservation. A total of 300 wood samples were taken from 60 stumps at a clear cut area, cultures of fungi isolated and subjected to molecular identification. In total, 839 of fungal strains were obtained (approx. 3 per sample and 14 per stump), representing 51 taxa. The extent of sampling has largely reflected species richness of (cultivable) fungi in stumps and on the clear-cut. Conclusions: i) among detected all were common fungi; ii) cut stumps commonly and regularly harbor important tree pathogens, representing bases for their establishment, reproduction and further spread; iii) no threatened species of fungus has been ever reported to colonize and complete lifecycle on a cut logging stump; iv) stump harvesting does not pose any threat for rare and vulnerable fungi of natural forest.
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| 37. |
- Yin, Ge, et al.
(författare)
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Sampling designs for contaminant temporal trend analyses using sedentary species exemplified by the snails Bellamya aeruginosa and Viviparus viviparus
- 2017
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 185, s. 431-438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental monitoring typically assumes samples and sampling activities to be representative of the population being studied. Given a limited budget, an appropriate sampling strategy is essential to support detecting temporal trends of contaminants. In the present study, based on real chemical analysis data on polybrominated diphenyl ethers in snails collected from five subsites in Tianmu Lake, computer simulation is performed to evaluate three sampling strategies by the estimation of required sample size, to reach a detection of an annual change of 5% with a statistical power of 80% and 90% with a significant level of 5%. The results showed that sampling from an arbitrarily selected sampling spot is the worst strategy, requiring much more individual analyses to achieve the above mentioned criteria compared with the other two approaches. A fixed sampling site requires the lowest sample size but may not be representative for the intended study object e.g. a lake and is also sensitive to changes of that particular sampling site. In contrast, sampling at multiple sites along the shore each year, and using pooled samples when the cost to collect and prepare individual specimens are much lower than the cost for chemical analysis, would be the most robust and cost efficient strategy in the long run. Using statistical power as criterion, the results demonstrated quantitatively the consequences of various sampling strategies, and could guide users with respect of required sample sizes depending on sampling design for long term monitoring programs.
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