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| 2. |
- Asp, Margareta, 1958-
(författare)
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Vila och lärande om vila. En studie på livsvärldsfenomenologisk grund
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avhandlingsarbetets syfte var att utifrån människors levda erfarenheter av vila, utveckla en tentativ teori om vila och om lärande avseende vila. Den kunskapen har utgjort grund för att beskriva hur förutsättningar för lärande avseende vila kan skapas. En modell för lärande avseede vila har utvecklats, i vilken en ömsesidighet mellan innehåll, lärande och förutsättningar för lärande beaktas. Studien genomfördes med en livsvärldsfenomenologisk ansats och med intervju som datainsamlingsmetod. Analysen genomfördes enligt en beskivande fenomenlogisk metodologi, i syfte att beskriva fenomenets generella struktur En generell struktur av fenomenet vila, implicerar en dualitet mellan vila och icke-vila. Essensen i vila utgörs av en harmoni i vilja, känsla och handling Vilan gestaltas i och med att en inre verklighet avseende behov och längtan överensstämmer med den yttre verklighetens beskaffenhet. Till vilans essens relateras innebördselementen: vilorytm i livet, stämningar av skönhet och trevnad, bejakad utan bedömning, frihet från bekymmer och tvång, samvaro med gemensamt intresse, att dröja, lustfylld stimulans och lustfylld utmaning. Essensen i icke- vila är disharmoni i vilja, känsla och handling. Upplevelsen av disharmoni tär på krafterna och blir allt påtagligare ju längre icke-vilan pågår. Att lära sig vila innebär att bli medveten om sitt behov av att ha en livsrytm som ger utrymme för vila, att tillåta sig att leva i en sådan rytm och att finna eller skapa källor där kraft kan hämtas. Modellen för lärande avseende vila består av tre dimensioner: lärande om vila, lärande i vila och lärande genom vila. Lärande om vila kan relateras till idëer om livsvärld, levd kropp, tid och rum, cirkularitet och intentionalitet. Lärande genom vila kan relateras till hälsa och lärande i vila kan relateras till etiska och estetiska aspekter.
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- Carlsson, Gunilla
(författare)
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Det våldsamma mötets fenomenologi : - om hot och våld i psykiatrisk vård
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study focuses on the phenomenology of the violent encounter, and is to be understood as the study of the violent encounter as a phenomenon, i.e. as experienced. The overall aim is to elucidate, analyse and describe violent encounters within psychiatric care as experienced by carers and patients. Moreover, the study aims at promoting the development of a phenomenological research approach in caring science in general and elucidating tacit caring knowledge in particular.The thesis includes three empirical studies and one methodological study. The research is guided by a phenomenological and lifeworld theoretical approach. Research data consist of narratives and qualitative interviews, as well as reenactment interviews with carers and patients. Data are analysed for meaning. The analysis and synthesis of meaning are aimed at openness and meaning sensitivity through a reflective attitude characterised by the intent to bridle the process of understanding. The goal of the analysis is to describe the general structure of the phenomenon and its meaning constituents.The result shows that violence and threat do not evolve in “naked” caring, characterised by encounters where carers are able to touch their patients at the same time as being touched, speaking both literally and figuratively. It is through “naked” caring and caring touch that the carers are able to reach the patients and to give undisguised invitations to genuine presence. The possibilities of touch rely on the carers’ capacity to be authentic and to genuinely wish well. Violence is on the contrary nourished by touch without caring intention, or non-touch, i.e. caring where the reciprocity of touching and being touched is missing between patients and caregivers.In the discussion, the different meanings of the violent encounter are related to the philosophy of Merleau-Ponty and Lévinas. The philosophical dimensions of touch are investigated and it is discussed how the “naked” encounter can be understood from a phenomenological ethical standpoint. The discussion focuses on the caregivers’ vulnerability and the high demands they are subjected to. It is also argued that a foundation of caring science is needed in caring practice in order to make possible a development of a caring attitude that prevents violence.
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| 5. |
- Carlsson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Encountering Violence and Aggression in Mental Health Nursing : A Phenomenological Study of Tacit Caring Knowledge
- 2000
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Ingår i: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0161-2840 .- 1096-4673. ; 21:5, s. 533-545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Violence is a growing psychosocial problem in the health care working environment. Literature shows that nurses are physically assaulted, threatened, and verbally abused more often than other professionals. However, some nurses are able to relate to clients in a way that produces positive resolution. This study explored the phenomenon of positive encounters with aggressive and violent clients. Guided by a phenomenological method, data were analyzed within a lifeworld perspective. The essential meaning of the phenomenon of caregivers' experiences of encountering violent clients is described as an "embodied moment," which is explicated by seven themes of meaning, "respecting one's fear and respecting the client," "touch," "dialogue," "situated knowledge," "stability," "mutual regard," and "pliability." The authors discuss the meaning of the outcome and propose both theory and praxis-oriented activities toward decreasing aggression and violence in health care.
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| 6. |
- Carlsson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Uncovering Tacit Caring Knowledge
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nursing Philosophy. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. - 1466-7681 .- 1466-769X. ; 3:2, s. 144-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to present re-enactment interviewing and to propose that it can be used to reveal tacit caring knowledge. This approach generates knowledge not readily attainable by other research methods, which we demonstrate by analysing the epistemological and methodological underpinnings of re-enactment interviewing. We also give examples from a study where re-enactment was used. As tacit knowledge is often characteristic of care, re-enactment interviewing has the potential to engage the informant in a holistic mode and thereby reveal wisdom of the body. When the care provider recalls an event, the details are articulated, which contributes to in-depth data, which subsequently serves as a basis for trustworthy analysis.
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| 7. |
- Carlsson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Violent encounters in psychiatric care : a phenomenological study of embodied caring knowledge
- 2004
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Ingår i: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0161-2840 .- 1096-4673. ; 25:2, s. 191-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article focuses on encounters that become violent, a problem in health care that has been the issue of many debates but is still not fully understood. Violent encounters refer to events where the patient expresses an aggressive and hostile attitude toward the caregiver. This study is part of a bigger project that aims to elucidate violent encounters from the caregivers' as well as the patients' perspectives. The purpose of this particular study was to describe the essence of violent encounters from the caregivers' perspective. Guided by a phenomenological method, data were analyzed within a reflective lifeworld approach. The essence of a violent encounter between caregivers and patients, as experienced by the caregivers, is a critical moment characterized by a tension between presence and distance, a moment where everything is happening at the same time. There are important meaning differences in relation to the violent encounter being viewed as positive rather than negative, based on the caregivers' ability to be present and their capacity in these trying situations to manage their fear. The findings also make explicit the particular knowledge that is needed for the caregiver to manage the threat of violence in a creative way.
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| 15. |
- Ekebergh, Margaretha, et al.
(författare)
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Reflective learning with Drama in Nursing Education : a Swedish attempt to overcome the theory praxis gap
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nurse Education Today. - : Churchill Livingstone. - 0260-6917 .- 1532-2793. ; 24:8, s. 622-628
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is obvious that the gap between theory and praxis in nursing education affects the students’ ability to develop understanding and professional knowledge that stems both from theory and practice. Appropriate didactic methods are thus needed in nursing education. In a project we developed and practised a didactic model with the intention of encouraging a reflective attitude within the student, considering caring science in theory as well as in praxis. The didactic model, based on educational drama, was implemented during three terms of the nursing education programme. In this paper we present the educational model and its theoretical foundation. We also present the preliminary outcomes of the project.
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| 18. |
- Friberg, Febe, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Context and methodological decontextualisation in nursing research with examples from phenomenography
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - 0283-9318. ; 14, s. 37-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In both human science and nursing research the concept of context is important. However, context can be understood in different ways. The aim of this article is to elucidate, discuss and problematize context, decontextualization and recontextualization in some health care-related phenomenographical studies. A further aim is to problematize the concept of context in a wider perspective of human science, in order to gain a better understanding of phenomenographical research related to nursing care. Our analysis indicates that the complex phenomena which characterize nursing research demand a broad contextual understanding. Both the local or immediate context and the global or mediated context must be considered, as they are dialectically related. This includes the informants' experiences of the phenomenon of interest as well as the socio-cultural discourse. A balance between openness and pliability to the phenomenon is suggested. Reflection is considered an important tool in this process. Within phenomenography, the interest is directed towards conceptions of certain aspects of the world. Thus, context in a wider sense is given a subordinate role. Accordingly, phenomenography is considered to have limited applicability in nursing research when complex phenomena are to be studied. PMID: 12035261 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 19. |
- Friberg, Febe, et al.
(författare)
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Context and Methodological Decontextualisation in Nursing Research with Examples from Phenomenography
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 14:1, s. 37-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In both human science and nursing research the concept of context is important. However, context can be understood in different ways. The aim of this article is to elucidate, discuss and problematize context, decontextualization and recontextualization in some health care-related phenomenographical studies. A further aim is to problematize the concet of context in a wider perspective of human complex ohenomena which characterize nursing research demand a broad contextual understanding. Both the local or immediate experiences of the phenomen of interest as well as the socio-cultural discourse. A balance between openness and pliability t the phenomenon is suggested. Reflection is considered an important tool in this process. Within phenomenography, the interest i s directed towards conceptions of certain aspects of the worlds. Thus, context in a wider sense is given a subordinate role. Accordingly, phenomenography is considered to have limited applicability in nursing research when complex phenomena are to be studied.
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| 20. |
- Johansson, Annelie, et al.
(författare)
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Living with experiences following a myocardial infarction
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 2:3, s. 229-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coronary heart disease is a major cause of sudden death and morbidity in the developed world, as well as a cause of great suffering. Research within this area has primarily focused symptoms, risk factors and treatment. The aim of this paper was to explore women's experiences following a myocardial infarction (MI). Eight women were interviewed; the interviews were audiotaped and transcribed into text and analysed using a phenomenological approach. To explore the meaning that is experienced in the lived world of the patient a method of reflective lifeworld research, based upon phenomenological epistemology has been used. The results indicate that the body is vital for the women in their lifeworlds. After a MI the patient's natural and unreflective relationship with the body and the lived world is interrupted. Uncertainty about life and death as well as the body is experienced as a suffering in the women's lifeworlds. In relation to this, the women's existence is characterised by an uncertainty and a loss of context. It is through reconciliation with their bodies and their illnesses that the women can achieve a sense of well-being and harmony in life. In that process the women can re-establish a natural relationship with their bodies and lifeworlds.
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| 22. |
- Nyström, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Non-Caring Encounters at an Emergency Care Unit : A Lifeworld Hermeneutic Analysis of an Efficience Driven Organization
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : Pergamon. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 40:7, s. 761-769
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to analyse and describe non-caring encounters at an emergency care unit (ECU). The research approach was life-world hermeneutics, and the research question was: what are the conditions leading to non-caring encounters at an ECU? Nine nurses and nine patients were interviewed. The interpretative analysis reveals an adaptation to organisational demands for efficiency, on the part of both nurses and patients. This form of adaptation seems to constitute a precondition for a well-functioning ECU. Furthermore, a comparison with a study of the intersubjective aspects of caring for aggressive patients reveals unexpected similarities: the carers are absent in both contexts. In nursing education and ECU-practice caring competence must thus include capacity to be present when patients express their needs worries and questions about care.
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| 23. |
- Nyström, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Openness and Pre-understanding : a relationship without hope?
- 2001
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 15:4, s. 339-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In all research, quantitative as well as qualitative, we have to deal with our presuppositions in order to remain open throughout the whole process of inquiry. If we fail to do so the findings might be little more than a reflected image of something already existing in our understanding. The question dealt with in this paper is: how can we gain increased openness by being more aware of our presuppositions. The aim was to investigate the intentional structure of pre-understanding and its effects upon data-collection as well as data-analysis and conclusions in research. The question of pre-understanding is central in Gadamer’s philosophy, even if he is not the first one to discuss this concept. Gadamer further developed the philosophy of understanding. According to him pre- understanding is an intentional structure of feelings and thoughts, which is activated when we regard something as something. By studying the structure of pre-understanding we became more aware of its effect upon understanding. In this paper, theoretical frameworks within cognitive and social psychology as well as psychoanalytic object-relation-theory were compared with Gadamer’s philosophy concerning the conditions of human understanding. Finally the possibility of increased openness in the process of research was discussed. (Such openness is related to knowledge about the structure of pre-understanding.)
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| 24. |
- Nyström, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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The Enigma of Severe Mental Illness : a Swedish perspective
- 2001
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Ingår i: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0161-2840 .- 1096-4673. ; 23:2, s. 121-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today mental health professionals are challenged in supporting people with severe mental illness that live within their communities. The community treatment is, however, characterized by an uncertainty about how to best support them in their everyday lives, and professionals from different disciplines often have divergent opinions about the care. The aim of this study is to explicate the existential meaning of living with severe mental illness. Interviews with persons who relocated from an institutional setting to a community placement were analyzed within an interpretive approach. The results of the study found that people with severe mental illness experience an existential loneliness due to difficulties in changing previous suppositions about human relationships. They do not develop connections through shared new experiences with other people in their lives. One central implication of the findings is that because people with severe mental illness seem unable to benefit from new experiences, mental health nurses should consider relational aspects when planning, implementing, and evaluating nursing care.
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| 25. |
- Sjögren, Reet, 1945-
(författare)
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Att vårda på uppdrag kräver visdom : En studie om lidandet hos och vårdandet av patienter som sexuellt förgripit sig på barn
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study focuses on the caring of patients who have sexually abused children. To do research in a field that has been considered taboo has not been without problems. The conclusive factor for the decision to carry out the research was the fascinating and interesting paradox that, in spite of the caregivers having a mandate from the judicial system to do care for these patients, they do not understand how this care is to be given. The understanding of what caring for these patients can entail is based on the perspectives of the lifeworld of both the patients and the caregivers.The theoretical perspective in this dissertation is that of the caring sciences while the epistemological framework is phenomenology. Research data consist of qualitative interviews.The aim of the first study is to describe the patients’ suffering, and the aim of the second study is to describe the caregivers’ experiences of caring for these patients.The essential meaning of the suffering felt by the patients is described in terms of the patients’ acknowledgement and then betrayal of their yearning to be part of a close human fellowship. The meaning structure of “caring”, can be understood as being lost in an obscure and unknown landscape. It challenges the caregivers and occasionally arouses strongly unpleasant but also strongly threatening feelings. However when the caregivers gain clarity on how to care they are able to find their caring courage and hope, even for these patients. The findings thus show that caring for patients who themselves do not see any opportunity of taking a place among other adults is a great challenge. The study also shows that the support that is needed to be successful in caring for these patients is a caring culture that can permeate both patients and caregivers. These patients, whose criminal acts appear to be bizarre and strange, need to learn to be able to bear their suffering without losing their humanity. The philosophical intermediate chapter shows that it is the body image of the patients that prevents them from becoming whole, i.e. existing fully, by it playing the existential drama that leads to sexual abuse.It appears from this dissertation that in order for caring to be able to relieve the suffering felt by these patients, and thus prevent them from further abuse of children, then it is important as a caregiver to be able to allow the patients just to “be”. The research also shows that in order for caregivers to be able to understand what they receive from the patients they need support from both caring science and existential reflections. Such methods can help to clarify caring and to give possibilities for a freer and more creative thinking. Encountering and understanding different lifeworlds is necessary in order to give care based on a caring perspective. The patient group in the present study have been able to demonstrate this in a clearer way than has previously been done.
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