| 1. |
- Celma, Alberto, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives in biochar treated stormwater
- 2023
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Ingår i: MethodsX. - 2215-0161. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxygenated PAHs (oxy-PAHs) and nitrogen heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic compounds (N-PACs) are persistent and semi-volatile organic compounds primarily formed due to incomplete combustion of organic material or, in the case of the derivatives, through transformation reactions of PAHs. Their presence in the environment is ubiquitous and many of them have been proven carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic. These toxic pollutants can therefore pose a threat to both ecosystem and human health and urges for remediation strategies for PAHs and derivatives from water bodies. Biochar is a carbon-rich material resulting from the pyrolysis of biomass resulting in a very porous matter with high surface area for an enhanced interaction with chemicals. This makes biochar a promising alternative for filtering micropollutants from contaminated aquatic bodies. In this work, a previously developed and validated methodology for the analysis of PAHs, oxy-PAHs and N-PACs in surface water samples was adapted for its utilization in biochar treated stormwater with special emphasis on scaling down the solid-phase extraction as well as including an additional filtering step for the removal of particulate matter in the media. & BULL; Optimized extraction method for PAHs, oxy-PAHs and N-PACs from stormwater treated with biochar. & BULL; Biochar strongly impacts the stormwater matrix and, therefore, additional steps are required in the extraction methodology. & BULL; Solid-phase extraction combined with GC-MS have been used to analyse PAHs, oxy-PAHs and N-PACs in stormwater treated with biochar.
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| 2. |
- Dahlberg, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Capping fiberbank sediments to reduce persistent organic pollutants (POPs) fluxes : A large-scale laboratory column experiment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deposits of contaminated wood fiber waste (fiberbanks), originating from sawmills and pulp and paper industries, have been found in the aquatic environment in boreal countries. In-situ isolation capping has been proposed as a remediation solution because it has the potential to prevent dispersal of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from this type of sediment. However, knowledge about the performance of such caps when placed on very soft (un-consolidated), gaseous organic rich sediment is scarce. We investigated the effectiveness of conventional in-situ capping to limit POPs fluxes to the water column from contaminated fibrous sediments that produce gas. A controlled, large-scale laboratory column (40 cm diameter, 2 m height) experiment was performed over 8 months to study changes in sediment-to-water fluxes of POPs and particle resuspension before and after capping the sediment with crushed stones (& GE;4 mm grain size). Two different cap thicknesses were tested (20 and 45 cm) on two types of fiberbank sediment with different fiber type composition. Results showed that capping fiberbank sediment with a 45 cm gravel cap reduced the sediment-to-water flux by 91-95% for p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDD, by 39-82% for CB-101, CB-118, CB-138, CB-153, CB-180 and by 12-18% for HCB, whereas for less hydrophobic PCBs, capping was largely ineffective (i.e. CB-28 and CB-52). Although cap application caused particle resus-pension, the long-term effect of the cap was reduced particle resuspension. On the other hand, substantial sediment consolidation released large volumes of contaminated pore water into the overlying water body. Importantly, both sediment types produced large amount of gas, observed as gas voids forming inside the sediment and gas ebullition events, which increased pore water advection and affected the structural integrity of the cap. This may limit the practical applicability of this method on fiberbank sediments.
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| 3. |
- Dahlberg, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Dispersal of persistent organic pollutants from fiber-contaminated sediments : biotic and abiotic pathways
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Soils and Sediments. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-0108 .- 1614-7480. ; 21:4, s. 1852-1865
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeNumerous sites contaminated with fiber emissions from pulp and paper industries are found in coastal areas of the Baltic Sea, but there is limited knowledge about the magnitude of dispersal of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from these anthropogenic, organic-rich sediments called fiberbanks. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare different POP dispersal pathways from such fiberbanks. Dispersal mechanisms studied included abiotic and biotic routes (dissolved in water, particle-bound, and bioaccumulation).Materials and methodsContaminated fibrous sediments located in Ångermanälven River estuary in north-eastern Sweden were studied in sediment types representing different fiber content (i.e., fiberbanks, fiber-rich sediments, and less fiber impacted sediments). Sediment-to-water fluxes of dissolved contaminants (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)) were measured in situ using benthic flux chambers. Particle resuspension was measured by sampling bottom water, before and after disturbing the sediment surface. Benthic biota was collected to determine the body burden of contaminants and to determine biota-pore water accumulation factors (BAFPW) and biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs). In addition, concentrations of dissolved POPs in the water column were measured in field using passive samplers. Instrumental analysis was performed using gas chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS).Results and discussionThe flux of dissolved Σ20PCBs was approximately two times higher from one of the investigated fiberbanks (3.4 ng m− 2 day− 1) compared to the other. The average particle burden of PCBs was also higher at this fiberbank after artificial disturbance (15 ng g−1 particle), which indicates that larger amounts of contaminants are likely to disperse via particle resuspension from this site compared to the other fiberbank (4.8 ng g− 1 particle). The difference might be associated with a layer of recently settled minerogenic material that covers one of the fiberbanks, which probably functions as a protective barrier. The lack of benthic biota implies that contaminant release by bioturbation is negligible in the studied fiberbanks. However, benthic biota from fiber-rich sediment showed bioaccumulation and biomagnification of contaminants.ConclusionsThe importance of diffusive flux from fiberbanks under undisturbed conditions became apparent when the different dispersal pathways were quantified. However, no dispersal pathway could be judged as irrelevant, since even under undisturbed conditions, advective particle transport was significant. Additionally, the uptake by biota and trophic transfer can be considerable. Quantification of dispersal routes and understanding of the relative importance of various pathways is critical for proper risk assessment and management of contaminated sediments.
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| 4. |
- Dahlberg, Anna-Karin, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Persistent organic pollutants in wood fiber–contaminated sediments from the Baltic Sea
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Soils and Sediments. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-0108 .- 1614-7480. ; 20:5, s. 2471-2483
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many coastal areas in the Baltic Sea are contaminated with wood fiber and pollutants from pulp and paper industries. These anthropogenic, organic-rich, sediments (fiberbanks) have not been characterized and knowledge about their role as secondary sources for dispersal of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is limited. Hence, the aim of this study was to elucidate the fate of POPs and the relationships between sorption (KD and KTOC), sediment type, and compound hydrophobicity (KOW) in fiber-contaminated sediments.
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| 5. |
- Dahlberg, Helena, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Open and Reflective Lifeworld Research: A Third Way
- 2020
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Ingår i: Qualitative Inquiry. - : SAGE Publications. - 1077-8004 .- 1552-7565. ; 26:5, s. 458-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the mission in mind to articulate an approach that is scientifically competent to meet the appeals from health care, education, social work, and other disciplines, the theme of this article is to rethink the essential ideas of phenomenological and hermeneutical research approaches, by exploring their philosophical underpinnings and especially the essential ontological idea of inseparability. We examine the fissure between approaches that favor description or interpretation and explore the arguments for a third approach that has the power to close the false epistemological methodological gap.
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| 6. |
- Dahlberg, Josef, et al.
(författare)
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Microbiota of bovine milk, teat skin, and teat canal: Similarity and variation due to sampling technique and milk fraction
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 0022-0302 .- 1525-3198. ; 103, s. 7322-7330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sampling technique and milk fraction on bovine milk microbiota data and to compare the microbiota in milk to microbiota on the teat end and in the teat canal. Representative milk samples are highly important for assessment of bacteriological findings and microbiota in milk. Samples were obtained from 5 healthy lactating dairy cows at udder quarter level during 1 milking. Swab samples from the teat. end and teat canal, and milk samples collected using different techniques and in different milk fractions were included. Milk was collected by hand stripping and through a teat canal cannula before and after machine milking, through a trans-teat wall needle aspirate after milking, and from udder quarter composite milk. The microbiota of the samples was analyzed with sequencing of the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene. In addition, somatic cell counts and bacterial cultivability were analyzed in the milk samples. Microbiota data were analyzed using multivariate methods, and differences between samples were tested using analysis of similarity (ANOSIM). Differences between samples were further explored via individual studies of the 10 most abundant genera. The microbiota on the teat end, in the teat canal, and in udder quarter composite milk, collected using a milking machine, differed in composition from the microbiota in milk collected directly from the udder quarter. No differences in milk microbiota composition were detected between hand-stripped milk samples, milk samples taken through a teat canal cannula, or milk samples taken as a trans-teat wall needle aspirate before or after milking. We conclude that for aseptic milk samples collected directly from the lactating udder quarter, sampling technique or milk fraction has minor effect on the microbiota composition.
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| 7. |
- Goransson, Gunnel, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the Risk of Contaminant Dispersion From Fibrous Sediments of Industrial Origin
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-7745. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unregulated discharges of wastewater from pulp and paper factories resulted in the formation of relatively thick organic (cellulose) rich sediments in shallow waters along the Swedish coast. These deposits are known as fiberbanks and are contaminated by persistent organic pollutants (POPs), metals and methylmercury, which can be dispersed by diffusion and advective processes coupled to propeller wash, high river discharges, strong wind waves and submarine landslides. Based on a case study of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), one group of prevalent POPs in the fiberbanks, we present a probabilistic approach to estimate the potential risk of dispersion of fiberbank contaminants. The approach allows for estimation of the dispersal pathways that dominates the risk within a given time and provides more insight about the significance of various dispersion processes. We show that it is highly likely that chemical diffusion and advection triggered by ship-induced resuspension will disperse PCBs (sum of seven congeners; sigma 7PCB) above a threshold level for environmental impact, while the likelihood of river and wind-wave generated resuspension dispersion pathways are lower (similar to 20%, respectively). We further show that there is approximately 5% likelihood that a submarine landslide will disperse sigma 7PCB above the threshold level. The study implies that the governing parameters for risk assessment specifically should include reliable data on contaminant concentration, water depth above the fiberbank, estimation of concerned fiberbank areas, time duration of erosive fluid flows and measured diffusion. The approach provides insight into the importance of various dispersion processes. We suggest that it can be applied to support risk assessment, especially when there are limited available data and/or knowledge about the system under study.
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| 8. |
- Volchko, Yevheniya, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing costs and benefits of improved soil quality management in remediation projects : A study of an urban site contaminated with PAH and metals
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 707
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contaminants in the soil may threaten soil functions (SFs) and, in turn, hinder the delivery of ecosystem services (ES). A framework for ecological risk assessments (ERAs) within the APPLICERA - APPLICable site-specific Environmental Risk Assessment research project promotes assessments that consider other soil quality parameters than only contaminant concentrations. The developed framework is: (i) able to differentiate the effects of contamination on SFs from the effects of other soil qualities essential for soil biota; and (ii) provides a robust basis for improved soil quality management in remediation projects. This study evaluates the socio-economic consequences of remediation alternatives stemming from a Tier 1 ERA that focusses on total contaminant concentrations and soil quality standards and a detailed, site-specific Tier 3 Triad approach that is based on the APPLICERA framework. The present study demonstrates how Tier 1 and Tier 3 ERAs differ in terms of the socio-economic consequences of their remediation actions, as well as presents a novel method for the semi-quantitative assessment of on-site ES. Although the presented Tier 3 ERA is more expensive and time-consuming than the more traditional Tier 1 ERA approach, it has the potential to lower the costs of remediation actions, decrease greenhouse gas emissions, reduce other environmental impacts, and minimise socio-economic losses. Furthermore, the remediation actions stemming from the Tier 3 ERA were predicted to exert far less negative ES effects than the actions proposed based on the results of the Tier 1 ERA.
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| 9. |
- Wiberg, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial distribution of legacy pesticides in river sediment from the Republic of Moldova
- 2021
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Historical use of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the Republic of Moldova could pose a potential risk for the aquatic environment due to the persistence, bioaccumulation and toxic properties of these environmental pollutants. However, knowledge on environmental concentrations of legacy OCPs in Moldova is limited. In this study, surface sediment from the two main rivers; Dniester (8 sites, n = 15) and Prut (6 sites, n = 12), and two tributary rivers; Bic (11 sites, n = 11) and Raut (6 sites, n = 6), were collected during 2017-2018 and analyzed for hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and their transformation products (DDDs and DDEs) using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Sediment concentrations of Sigma 6DDX (1.9-140 ng g(-1) dry weight (dw)) and Sigma(4)HCHs (n.d-2.5 ng g(-1) dw) were found. In the big rivers, the average Sigma 6DDX concentration (18 ng g(-1) dw) were 35 times higher than Sigma(4)HCHs (0.51 ng g(-1) dw). Whereas, in the small rivers the average Sigma 6DDX concentration (32 ng g(-1) dw) was approximately 41 times higher than Sigma(4)HCHs (0.77 ng g(-1) dw). Compared to previous studies from Eastern Europe, the sediment levels were generally similar as found in Moldova's neighboring countries (Romania and Ukraine). Overall, the contamination profile indicates long-term ageing of OCPs used in the past in the agricultural sector. Less than half of the sites (45%) had levels that pose a potential risk for benthic organisms. Hence, further work is needed to determine the bioaccumulation of OCPs in the aquatic food web in this region and the associated risks to ecosystems and human health.
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| 10. |
- Bergenfelz, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of autofluorescence for detection of parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy on postoperative parathyroid hormone levels: parallel multicentre randomized clinical trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: The British journal of surgery. - 1365-2168 .- 0007-1323. ; 110:12, s. 1824-1833
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Techniques for autofluorescence have been introduced to visualize the parathyroid glands during surgery and to reduce hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy. METHODS: This parallel multicentre RCT investigated the use of Fluobeam® LX to visualize the parathyroid glands by autofluorescence during total thyroidectomy compared with no use. There was no restriction on the indication for surgery. Patients were randomized 1 : 1 and were blinded to the group allocation. The hypothesis was that autofluorescence enables identification and protection of the parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy. The primary endpoint was the rate of low parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels the day after surgery. RESULTS: Some 535 patients were randomized, and 486 patients received an intervention according to the study protocol, 246 in the Fluobeam® LX group and 240 in the control group. Some 64 patients (26.0 per cent) in the Fluobeam® LX group and 77 (32.1 per cent) in the control group had low levels of PTH after thyroidectomy (P = 0.141; relative risk (RR) 0.81, 95 per cent c.i. 0.61 to 1.07). Subanalysis of 174 patients undergoing central lymph node clearance showed that 15 of 82 (18 per cent) in the Fluobeam® LX group and 31 of 92 (33 per cent) in the control group had low levels of PTH on postoperative day 1 (P = 0.021; RR 0.54, 0.31 to 0.93). More parathyroid glands were identified during operation in patients who had surgery with Fluobeam® LX, and fewer parathyroid glands in the surgical specimen on definitive histopathology. No specific harm related to the use of Fluobeam® LX was reported. CONCLUSION: The use of autofluorescence during thyroidectomy did not reduce the rate of low PTH levels on postoperative day 1 in the whole group of patients. It did, however, reduce the rate in a subgroup of patients.
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| 11. |
- Boson, Karin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents with substance use problems in outpatient treatment: a one-year prospective follow-up study focusing on mental health and gender differences
- 2022
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Ingår i: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1747-597X. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Although several studies have found a high incidence of coexisting mental health problems among adolescents with substance use problems, follow-up studies addressing how these conditions change over time are rare. The study will describe and analyze indications of mental health problems and how various risk factors predict outcomes 1 year after initial treatment contact. In addition, gender-specific risk factors are explored. Methods A clinical sample of 455 adolescents (29% girls, median age 17 years) answered a structural interview at baseline and were followed up using official records 1 year after initiated treatment. Bivariate associations and logistic regressions were conducted to analyse the links between risk factors at the individual, social, and structural levels as well as links between various mental illness symptoms at treatment start and indications of mental health problems 1 year later were analysed. Results The results show that mental health problems among adolescents largely persisted 1 year after start of outpatient care for substance use problems. Forty-two per cent of the sample displayed indications of mental health problems at follow-up, and registrations for both outpatient treatment and psychiatric medication were more common among the girls. Girls also reported more mental illness symptoms at treatment start than boys did, especially anxiety. Depression and suicidal thoughts had predictive values regarding indications of mental health problems and small cumulative effects were found for 6-10 co-occurring risk factors. Conclusions Adolescents with depression and suicidal thoughts at treatment start should yield attention among clinicians as these general risk factors could predict indication of mental health problems at 1 year follow-up effectively. Also, patients with more than six co-occurring risk factors seem more vulnerable for continued mental health problems. Generally, girls displayed a greater mental health and psychosocial burden at treatment initiation and were more likely to show indication of mental health problems at follow-up. These results suggests that girls are more likely to get psychiatric out-treatment parallel to, or after, substance abuse treatment. We recommend further investigation of gender differences and gender-specific needs in substance use treatment.
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| 12. |
- Dahlberg, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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"Daddy comforts me" : Young Swedish children’s perspectives on their family relations before and after their parents’ participation in a parenting programme
- 2024
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 19:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite extensive research assessing parenting support, there is a lack of knowledge about the perspectives of the youngest children. In this study, we explored changes in preschool children's emotional and relational experiences at home before and after their parents participated in a parenting intervention, the Triple P parenting programme. Nine children in total were interviewed, aged 3-6 years, whose parents participated in a group parenting intervention. The interviews were conducted during the first and final group sessions attended by the children's parents. Data were analysed qualitatively, using a longitudinal approach, resulting in a deductive mapping of the children's statements onto four themes, based on the parenting intervention's main objectives. Further, changes in content for each of the four themes were assessed. Before the programme, children described conflicts with siblings, parents' negative emotions, and punitive parenting behaviours. After the programme, sibling conflicts remained, but parents' negative emotions decreased and parent threats and violence ceased. Positive family interactions and quality time increased, along with experiences of tenderness and being comforted. Parents also implemented new strategies such as verbal management and more comforting or soothing behaviours. Clinical implications of the results include promoting positive sibling relationships, emphasising parental self-regulation, encouraging empathy and reconciliation, and highlighting the importance of spending quality time with children. These findings contribute to a better understanding of children's perspectives and provide implications for clinical practice and future research.
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| 13. |
- Dahlberg, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Successful implementation of parenting support at preschool : An evaluation of Triple P in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although emotional and behavioural problems among young children are common and, if unaddressed, can lead to multi-facetted problems later in life, there is little research investigating the implementation of parenting programs that target these problems. In this study, the RE-AIM framework was used to evaluate the implementation of the Triple P parenting program in a preschool setting at a medium-sized municipality in Sweden. Reach increased over time, showing an overall increase in participating fathers and parents with lower education. Effectiveness outcomes showed an improvement in emotional and behavioural problems in children and less mental health-related symptoms and higher self-efficacy in parents. Adoption rate was 93.3%. To ensure staff "buy-in", designated coordinators made changes in recruitment procedures, and provided supervision and training to all Triple P practitioners. Implementation adaptations were made, such as minor revisions of parenting strategies and other program content, as well as providing child care during seminars and groups, and setting up weekend-groups. Maintenance assessed through 12 month follow-up data suggested that several child and parent outcomes were maintained over time. Uppsala municipality continues to offer Triple P to parents. The reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance of the program were all satisfactory and demonstrated the suitability of delivering evidence-based parenting support using preschools as an arena.
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| 14. |
- Dahlberg, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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'They Yell and I Yell Back' : Pre-schoolers' Descriptions of Conflict Laden Interactions at Home
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Child and Family Studies. - : Springer. - 1062-1024 .- 1573-2843. ; 32:12, s. 3835-3847
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past 50 years, extensive research has been published on the parent–child relationship and parenting. However, there are very few examples where young children are at the centre of attention for describing family dynamics, relationships and conflicts. This study aimed at addressing this research and knowledge gap through exploring the emotional and relational experiences of preschool children whose parents attended a universal parenting programme. Seventeen preschool children aged 3–6 were interviewed, using an emotion-focused, pictorial-based computer assisted interview method. The children’s descriptions of their family relationships were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The children described negative interplay within the families in rich detail, especially experiences where conflicts with parents escalated and were left unresolved. Moments of positive family interactions were described as well, but they were heavily overshadowed by the narratives containing negative parenting. The children also described compensatory behaviours, such as looking for comfort from siblings or pets. The narratives in this study gave a unique insight into the emotional and relational domestic context of children in families seeking universally offered parenting support. Given adequate tools and support, children as young as 3 or 4 years old could provide extensive information about their lives. We urge future research examining parenting or family interventions to include the children’s perspectives.
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| 15. |
- Dahlberg, Josef, et al.
(författare)
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Absence of changes in the milk microbiota during Escherichia coli endotoxin induced experimental bovine mastitis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Veterinary research (Print). - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 0928-4249 .- 1297-9716. ; 54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in the milk microbiota during the course of mastitis are due to the nature of a sporadic occurring disease difficult to study. In this study we experimentally induced mastitis by infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxins in one udder quarter each of nine healthy lactating dairy cows and assessed the bacteriological dynamics and the milk microbiota at four time points before and eight time points after infusion. As control, saline was infused in one udder quarter each of additionally nine healthy cows that followed the same sampling protocol. The milk microbiota was assessed by sequencing of the 16 S rRNA gene and a range of positive and negative controls were included for methodological evaluation. Two different data filtration models were used to identify and cure data from contaminating taxa. Endotoxin infused quarters responded with transient clinical signs of inflammation and increased SCC while no response was observed in the control cows. In the milk microbiota data no response to inflammation was identified. The data analysis of the milk microbiota was largely hampered by laboratory and reagent contamination. Application of the filtration models caused a marked reduction in data but did not reveal any associations with the inflammatory reaction. Our results indicate that the microbiota in milk from healthy cows is unaffected by inflammation.
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| 16. |
- Dahlberg, Karuna, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Nurse competence and care in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) : Nurse’s and patient’s perspectives
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: To create a safe PACU care, nurses need to have specific competence. There are few studies investigating PACU care from the nurse’s perspective and there is limited knowledge about patients’ experiences of early recovery and PACU care. Therefore, the aim was to describe PACU care and early recovery from the nurse’s and the patient’s perspectives.Method:Data was collected in two qualitative studies. Participants were recruited from two hospitals located in different parts of Sweden. Nurses were eligible if >1 year of experience from PACU care. Patients were eligible if the expected PACU stay was >2 hours. Semi structured individual interviews were carried out. In total 16 nurses and 14 patients were interviewed. Data were analysed using thematic analysis (1).Result: Nurse’s perspectives Nurses described PACU care competence as being adaptable in an ever-changing environment and creating safe care. That included being independent, working jointly in the team, and to prioritize and make clinical decisions. To create a safe care possessing specific knowledge, acknowledging and reassuring the patient, and to work proactively were important factors (2).Patient’s perspectives Patients described being in a transition between surgery and ward . That was captured in the subthemes Being in-between points of care, Being in PACU surroundings, Being individually acknowledged, Feeling trust in the caring provided, Feeling dehumanized and abandoned (3).
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| 17. |
- Dahlberg, Karuna, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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The Transition Between Surgery and Ward : Patients’ Experiences of Care in a Postoperative Care Unit
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1089-9472 .- 1532-8473. ; 39:2, s. 288-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe adult patients’ experiences of postoperative care in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) after undergoing surgery in Sweden.Design: Qualitative inductive study.MethodsIndividual interviews with 14 adults who had experience of being cared for in the PACU were conducted on day 14 to day 26 after surgery. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.Findings: Early recovery in the PACU was described as a small step in the recovery process and as a time of transition from surgery to the ward. When patients perceived the PACU staff as competent, and as having a positive attitude, providing individualized care, and addressing symptoms or discomfort without being specifically alerted, patients felt safe and cared for. When they were not personally acknowledged, the patients felt abandoned in the highly technological environment.Conclusions: To enhance the transition from surgery to the ward, patients need to be personally acknowledged. Their symptoms need to be properly treated by competent staff with a positive and proactive attitude. This creates safe care that supports the transition from the PACU to the ward, as well as the overall recovery process.
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| 18. |
- Dahlberg, Mikael, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Outcomes for Young People With Substance Use Problems in Outpatient Treatment: Gender-Specific Patterns
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents the results of a longitudinal research project focusing on long-term outcomes among young people after initiation of outpatient treatment for substance use problems (SUP) in Sweden. Young people are defined with the age group 13-25 years. A clinical sample of 451 young people (29% girls, median age 17 years) completed a structured interview at baseline and was followed using official records one, two, and 3 years after initiation of treatment. Gender-specific patterns at intake were described and bivariate associations and logistic regressions were calculated to analyse the links between risk factors at treatment start and indications of substance use problems 3 years later. Significantly more boys than girls displayed indications of continued SUP at 3-year follow-up. More specifically, 49% of the boys vs. 35% of the girls were identified through records as still having problems with substance use. Predictive risk factors also displayed gender-specific patterns. Primary drug use frequency and age at intake predicted indications of SUP among boys but not among girls. Placement in foster care/residential homes, depression, and early drug debut had significant predictive value regarding indications of SUP among females but not among males. Girls also displayed a greater psychosocial burden at treatment start, but a more favorable treatment outcome at follow-up. Youths with a heavy risk load at treatment start (i.e., over six risk factors) did not display a greater risk of SUP at 3-year follow-up, although our results suggest that this subgroup has indications of continued problems with mental health. Consequently, future studies should further explore gender-specific treatment pathways for young people with substance use problems. Since women and girls seem to have different risk factors, co-occurring psychiatric problems and more experiences of trauma compared to men, they might need multidimensional and more comprehensive treatment interventions that run over a longer period of time.
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| 19. |
- Frogner-Kockum, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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CoGas-projektet : Utveckling av en provtagningsmetod för att mätaföroreningstransport med gasflöden från fiberbankar
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I CoGas projektet utvecklades en fältutrustning och en metod som möjliggör in-situ provtagning av gas från fiberbankar. Detta för att kunna kvantifiera utsläpp av växthusgaser och medföljande halvflyktiga föroreningar (kvicksilver (Hg) och persistenta organiska miljögifter (POP)) samt gasmedierad partikelresuspension. En övergripande målsättning är att kunna bidra med kunskap om hur olika typer av föroreningar transporteras och sprids från fiberbankar. Den nya provtagningsutrustningen användes vid tre fiberbankar i Västernorrland (Väja, Sandviken och Köpmanholmen) där både passiv och forcerad gasprovtagning testades. Vid passiv provtagning mättes det naturliga gasflödet under en längre tid för att mäta mängden växthusgaser och partiklar som sprids under naturliga förhållanden. Det gick dock inte att detektera POPs i gasen som samlades in med den passiva provtagningen. För att kunna extrahera större volymer gas per tidsenhet och för att kunna analysera halten Hg i gasen utvecklades en forcerad provtagningsmetod. Järnstänger monterades därför under provtagaren vilka penetrerade sedimentytan och skapade artificiella transportgångar. Studien visade att andelen metangas vid in-situ provtagning (52–76 %) överensstämde relativt väl med de halter som tidigare uppmätts i laboratoriestudier (56 %; Lehoux et al, 2021). Våra resultat indikerar dock att de sammanlagda utsläppen av växthusgaser (CO2-ekvivalenter) från fiberbankar är i storleksordningen 52 000 – 170 000 ton/år, en uppskattning som är 25–70 gånger lägre än tidigare uppskattat av Lehoux et al. (2021). Att det blir så pass stor skillnad bedöms bero på att man i den tidigare beräkningen baserad på en laboratoriestudie (Lehoux et al., 2021) inte tog hänsyn till att den biologiskt aktiva zonen för metanogener i fiberbankarna bara utgör de översta decimetrarna av fiberbankarna (Regnell et al, 2014). Genom att ta med hela fiberbanksmassan i sina beräkningar (Lehoux et al., 2021) fick de en kraftig överskattad uppskattning av växthusgasutsläppet från Sveriges fiberbankar. Fiberbankarna i Sverige bedöms dock ändå stå för betydande utsläpp av växthusgaser, motsvarande ca 10–30 % av utsläppen från Sveriges avfallsdeponier. Kvicksilverhalterna (Hg) var i genomsnitt 1,6 ng/m3 i Väja, 6,0 ng/m3 i Sandviken och 19 ng/m3 i Köpmanholmen. Hg(0)-halten i gasfasen vid Köpmanholmen är ca 15 gånger högre än bakgrundshalterna i luft (1,3 ng/m3, IVL 2023). Av analyserade POPs kunde endast hexaklorbensen (HCB) detekteras, vilket antas bero på att HCB är mer volatilt än de övriga. HCB- halterna i den insamlade gasen var i genomsnitt 2,7 ng/m3, (n = 5) vid Väja och 8,5 ng/m3, (n = 6) vid Köpmanholmen, vilket är ca 100–200 gånger högre än de HCB-halter som påträffas i bakgrundsluft (Bidleman et al., 2017). För både HCB och Hg följer halten i gasen halten i sedimentet. Fluxet av HCB och Hg i gasfas från fiberbankarna kan uppskattas utifrån föroreningskoncentrationen i gasen (provtagen med den forcerade metoden) och gasflödet (provtaget med den passiva metoden). Givet att det genomsnittliga gasflödet i de lyckade provtagningarna är representativt uppskattas HCB-flux för de båda fiberbankarna vid ostörda förhållanden till i genomsnitt 3,2 ng/m2/år (1,5 ng/m2/år för Väja och 4,7 ng/m2/år för Köpmanholmen). Det genomsnittliga Hg-fluxet beräknades vid ostörda förhållanden till 0,4 ng/m2/år vid Väja, 1,5 ng/m2/år vid Sandviken och 4,6 ng/m2/år vid Köpmanholmen. Föroreningsfluxet i gasfas bedöms därmed vara relativt begränsat vid naturliga förhållanden. Den gasmedierade partikelspridningen varierade mellan 17–49 mg/m2/dag för Väja och Sandviken men var högre i Köpmanholmen (> 200 mg/m2/dag vid båda provtagningstillfällena). Partiklarnas föroreningsinnehåll har inte kunnat analyseras inom ramen för projektet men vid fysisk störning av fiberbankssediment bedöms betydligt större mängder HCB och Hg, i både gasfas och bundet till partiklar, kunna frigöras, åtminstone under en kort tid. Detta behöver beaktas vid riskbedömning och val av åtgärder av förorenade fiberbankar.
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| 20. |
- Lehoux, Alizée, et al.
(författare)
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Extreme gas production in anthropogenic fibrous sediments : An overlooked biogenic source of greenhouse gas emissions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 781
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fibrous sediments that originated from old pulp and paper industry emissions are recognized as a potential threat to the aquatic environment because they are highly contaminated. In addition, biogenic degradation of the organic material from so-called "fiberbanks" has a high potential to produce greenhouse gases (GHG). In this study, X-ray tomography, optical sensors and gas analyzers were used to identify and quantify the gas produced and released from samples of two different fiberbanks. We show that a finer fibrous structure allows the formation of larger gas bubbles and higher gas production rates compared to coarser material composed of wood pieces. High contents of methane (average 56% to 65%) and carbon dioxide (average 18% to 20%) were measured in the gas emitted from both types of fiberbank. Measured methane production rates from the fiberbanks samples are one to three orders of magnitude higher than previously reported rates from sediments within the studied temperature range (between 0.03 and 0.51 mu m CH4/h/g dw over 4.7 to 20 degrees C). The potential for methane and carbon dioxide production in the fiberbank volume likely present in Sweden is estimated to correspond to 7% of Sweden's total known GHG emissions for 2019. These findings show that fiberbanks have the potential to be a significant emitter of GHG.
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| 21. |
- Malm, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Utvärdering av SI-verksamheten vid Lunds universitet 2022/23
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Enkelt uttryckt är Samverkansinlärning (SI) en studiecirkel kopplat till en utmanande kurs. SI leds av en senior student som utformar läraktiviteter där studenterna arbetar i grupper med att förklara och förtydliga svårt kursmaterial. Målsättningen med SI, förutom förbättrade prestationer i den aktuella kursen, är att studenterna skall utveckla goda studiestrategier och bli mer självständiga i sitt lärande. Denna rapport behandlar SI-verksamheten vid Lunds universitet under läsåret 2022/23. Målsättningen är att läsaren skall få en god bild av hur SI bedrivs vid lärosätet och hur insatsen upplevs av deltagare och studentledare. Rapporten bygger dels på kvantitativa data – SI-närvaro, samt närvaron kopplat till studenternas prestationer i SI-stödda kurser. Och dels på kvalitativa data från enkäter till deltagare och SI-ledare, dels information frän metodhandledare och SI-koordinatorer. Under läsåret 2022/23 kompletterades undervisningen i 204 kurstillfällen av SI där totalt 266 studentledare ledde SI-pass. 5200 studenter vid universitetet deltog på passen under läsåret. Medelnärvaron var 23 % och 53% av studenter med tillgång till SI provade på att besöka åtminstone ett pass. Dessa siffror betyder att SI-verksamheten vid Lunds universitet är en av de största vid lärosäten i Europa (SI finns på 75+ högre lärosäten i Europa). SI-verksamheten följer också grundläggande SI-principer på ett bra sätt enligt deltagarna. Exempelvis på så sätt att deltagarna har ett stort inflytande över agendan på SI-passen och att arbetet med att förstå utmanande kursmaterial bedrivs genom arbete och diskussion i grupp. SI-ledaren ser till att arbetet gårframåt genom att ställa frågor och uppmuntrar deltagarna att dela med sig av sina kunskaper till varandra.Studenternas drivkraft att gå på SI-passen är i huvudsak meningsorienterad genom att de vill få en bättre förståelse av ämnet och för att det är roligt att diskutera kursinnehåll med kurskamrater. Vad ger då deltagande på SI för närvarande studenter? Jämförelser av närvaro på SI och genomströmning på SI-stödd kurs antyder att chanserna att klara kursen vid ordinarie examination(er) ökar med ökad SI-närvaro. Deltagande studenter upplever dessutom i stor utsträckning att SI leder till att de bättre förstår vad som förväntas av dem i kursen, är ett effektivt stöd att ta sig fram i kursen, ökar intresset för ämnet och ger dem en djupare förståelse av kursinnehållet. Dessutom anser en stor andel av deltagarna att de utvecklar generella färdigheter såsom problemlösning, kritiskt tänkande, lagarbete och presentation av akademiskt material införandra. En betydande del av SI-deltagarna anger att de åtminstone till viss del utvecklar sitt sätt att studera och förbättrar sitt akademiska självförtroende. Lite mer än en fjärdedel av de svarande på enkäten anser att SI varit viktigt för att skaffa studiekamrater, vilket kan vara mycket betydelsefullt för att känna tillhörighet inom akademien och ge ytterligare motivation till fortsatta högre studier.De dominerande svarsteman på öppna enkätfrågor rörande vad som är bäst med SI samt vad som skiljer SI-pass från ordinarie undervisning är desamma för bägge frågorna. Det handlar om att deltagarna uppskattar diskussionen/samarbetet samt atmosfären och arbetsmiljön på passen. Vidare gillar studenterna fokus på djupare förståelse av kursinnehållet. På frågan vad man tycker kan förbättras med SI-passen anser en del av deltagarna att strukturen på passet ibland kan vara tydligare och att arbetet under passen ibland kan kännas ineffektivt.Det är roligt att konstatera att de allra flesta SI-ledarna trivs i sin roll, känner sig nöjda med sitt jobb och upplever att de gör skillnad för sina deltagare, baserat på deras enkätsvar. Dessutom utvecklar de i hög grad i olika färdigheter som kommunikation, grupphantering och ledarskap.
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| 22. |
- Nilsson, Ulrica, et al.
(författare)
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A journey to a new stable state-further development of the postoperative recovery concept from day surgical perspective : a qualitative study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2044-6055. ; 10:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study aims to further develop the concept analysis by Allvinet alin 2007 and Lundmarket alin 2016 from the perspective of day-surgery patients. Also, to describe how patients experience postoperative recovery in relation to the identified dimensions and subdimensions and to interpret the findings in order to get a deeper understanding of the concept postoperative recovery.Design: Descriptive qualitative design with a theoretical thematic analysis.Setting: Six day-surgery departments in Sweden.Participants: Thirty-eight adult participants who had undergone day surgery in Sweden. Participants were purposively selected.Results: Four dimensions-physical, psychological, social and habitual-were confirmed. A total of eight subdimensions were also confirmed, two from Allvinet al's study and six from Lundmarket al's study. Recovery included physical symptoms and challenges coping with and regaining control over symptoms and bodily functions. Both positive and negative emotions were present, and strategies on how to handle emotions and achieve well-being were established. Patients became dependent on others. They coped with and adapted to the recovery process and gradually stabilised, reaching a new stable state.Conclusion: Postoperative recovery was described as a process with a clear starting point, and as a dynamic and individual process leading to an experience of a new stable state. The recovery process included physical symptoms, emotions and social and habitual consequences that challenges them. To follow-up and measure all four dimensions of postoperative recovery in order to support and understand the process of postoperative recovery is, therefore, recommended.
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| 23. |
- Odensten, Christoffer, et al.
(författare)
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Parastomal hernia repair; seldom performed and seldom reported : Results from a nationwide survey
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Surgery. - : Sage Publications. - 1457-4969 .- 1799-7267. ; 109:2, s. 96-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Parastomal hernia is common, but there are few population-based studies showing the frequency and outcome of parastomal hernia repair in routine surgical practice. The aim of this study was to identify patients undergoing surgery for parastomal hernia in Sweden and to define risk factors for complication and recurrence.METHODS: A broad search of the Swedish National Patient Register 1998-2007 for all possible parastomal hernia repairs using surgical procedure codes. Records of all patients identified were reviewed and those with a definite parastomal hernia procedure were included and analyzed.RESULTS: A total of 71 patients were identified after review of the records. The most common reason for surgery was cosmetic and the most frequent method was relocation of the stoma. Parastomal hernia recurrence rate was 18% during follow-up of a minimum 2 years. Overall, a surgical complication occurred in 32%. Possible risk factors were analyzed including emergency surgery versus planned, gender, age, indication for surgery, and method of surgery; none of which was significant.CONCLUSION: The frequency of parastomal hernia procedures was much lower than suggested by previous studies. The number of procedures per surgeon was even lower than expected. No specific risk factor could be identified. Parastomal hernia auditing in the form of a nationwide quality register should be mandatory. Centralization should be considered.
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| 24. |
- Sarkadi, Anna, Professor, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Are We Ready to Really Hear the Voices of Those Concerned? : Lessons Learned from Listening to and Involving Children in Child and Family Psychology Research
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review. - : Springer Nature. - 1096-4037 .- 1573-2827.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A changing view of children, accelerated by the Convention of the Rights of the Child (UN in Convention on the rights of the child, UN Doc. A/RES/44/25, 1989, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/pdf/crc.pdf) has shifted the landscape of child and family research over the last few decades. Once viewed with low credibility and operating outside the interpretive framework of adult researchers, the rights-bearing child is increasingly recognized not only as having the capacity but also the right to participate in research. More recently, this movement has transitioned from the direct engagement of children as research participants—now considered commonplace, although less so for those who are structurally vulnerable—to the involvement of children in research design, review, conduct, and dissemination. Yet, both practical and ethical challenges remain. While children have the right to participation, they also have the right to protection. In this commentary, we set out to: (i) lay forth epistemic, child rights, and child sociology arguments for doing research about, with and by children and youth; (ii) recount our own journey of including children and youth in research to demonstrate the unique knowledge and insights gained through these approaches; and (iii) offer lessons learned on how to engage children and youth in research, including the involvement of structurally vulnerable groups.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Wilhelmsson, Bernt, et al.
(författare)
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At Peace : At Peace, Karin Dahlberg sopran, Bernt Wilhelmsson piano
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023-1012.
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Konstnärligt arbete (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- CD som spelades in tillsammans med sopranen Karin Dahlberg och utgiven av Karin Dahlberg Soprano, KD202301 CD,n innehåller romanser som anknyter till titeln på CDn " At Pease". Musik av H. Alfvén, Gösta Nyström, R. Strauss, T. Andersson, W. Walton, A. Öberg, M. Löfberg, S. David Sandström, G. Mahler
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