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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, 1966-
(författare)
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Comments on the Finnish Model
- 2010
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Ingår i: Local public sector in transition. - Helsingfors : Government Institute for Economic Research. - 9789515619372 ; , s. 230-232
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
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Do Politicians’ Preferences Matter for Voters’ Voting Decisions?
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using unique survey data that allows us to observe both voters’ and politicians’ preferences for local public spending as well as voting decisions, this paper tests if voters typically support parties in which the politicians’ preferences are closest to their own. Doing so would be rational for the voters to do if politicians’ preferences matter for policy outcomes, as is the case in e.g. the citizen-candidate model. It is found that this is indeed the case. This finding is in line with theoretical models such as the citizen-candidate model arguing that politicians cannot credibly commit to election platforms that differ from their true policy preferences.
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| 6. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating Preferences for Local Public Services using Migration Data
- 2012
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Ingår i: Urban Studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 0042-0980 .- 1360-063X. ; 49:2, s. 319-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using Swedish micro data, the paper examines the impact of local public services on community choice. The choice of community is modelled as a choice between a discrete set of alternatives. It is found that, given taxes, high spending on child care attracts migrants. Less conclusive results are obtained with respect to the role of spending on education and elderly care. High local taxes deter migrants. Relaxing the independence of the irrelevant alternatives assumption, by estimating a mixed logit model, has a significant impact on the results.
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| 7. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
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Ethnic Diversity and Preferences for Redistribution
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Political Economy. - : University of Chicago Press. - 0022-3808 .- 1537-534X. ; 120:1, s. 41-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the causal link between the ethnic diversity in a society and its inhabitants' preferences for redistribution. We exploit exogenous variation in immigrant shares stemming from a nationwide program placing refugees in municipalities throughout Sweden during 1985-94 and match data on refugee placement to panel survey data on inhabitants of the receiving municipalities. We find significant, negative effects of increased immigration on the support for redistribution. The effect is especially pronounced among high-income earners. We also establish that estimates from earlier studies failing to identify causal effects are likely to be positively biased (i.e., less negative).
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| 8. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
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Ethnic Diversity and Preferences for Redistribution : Reply
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a comment to Dahlberg, Edmark and Lundqvist (2012), Nekby and Pettersson-Lidbom (2012) argue (i) that the refugee placement program should be measured with contracted rather than actually placed refugees, and claim that the correlation between the two measures is insignificant and close to zero; (ii) that instead of using the rotating individual panel, we should have used the full cross-sections in combination with municipality fixed effects; and (iii) that immigrants should be dened based on country of birth rather than citizenship.In this response, we discuss why we (i) do not agree that contracted refugees is the preferred measure, and we show that the correlation between the two measures is highly significant and large; (ii) do not agree that the full cross-sections can be used; and (iii) do agree that defining immigrants according to country of birth is preferred. In a re-analysis, the conclusion from Dahlberg, Edmark and Lundqvist (2012) that ethnic diversity has a statistically and economically significant negative effect on preferences for redistribution is only marginally affected.
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| 9. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
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Ethnic Diversity and Preferences for Redistribution
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent decades, the immigration of workers and refugees to Europe has increased substantially, and the composition of the population in many countries has consequently become much more heterogeneous in terms of ethnic background. If people exhibit in-group bias in the sense of being more altruistic to one's own kind, such increased heterogeneity will lead to reduced support for redistribution among natives. This paper exploits a nationwide program placing refugees in municipalities throughout Sweden during the period 1985 - 94 to isolate exogenous variation in immigrant shares. We match data on refugee placement to panel survey data on inhabitants of the receiving municipalities to estimate the causal effects of increased immigrant shares on preferences for redistribution. The results show that a larger immigrant population leads to less support for redistribution in the form of preferred social bene t levels. This reduction in support is especially pronounced for respondents with high income and wealth. We also establish that OLS estimators that do not properly deal with endogeneity problems - as in earlier studies - are likely to yield positively biased (i.e., less negative) eects of ethnic heterogeneity on preferences for redistribution.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
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Inledning
- 2013. - 1
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Ingår i: Välfärdstjänster i privat regi. - Stockholm : SNS förlag. - 9789186949471 ; , s. 21-32
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 14. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
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Inledning
- 2013. - 1
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Ingår i: Välfärdstjänster i privat regi. - Stockholm : SNS förlag. - 9789186949471 ; , s. 221-230
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den här antologin har vi behandlat privatiseringar inom den svenska välfärdssektorn. Sedan slutet av 1980-talet har Sverige gått från ett nästan helt offentligt produktionssystem till ett system med en blandning av offentliga och privata utförare som konkurrerar med varandra. Valfrihet för brukarna har införts på flera områden. Vi har beskrivit hur framväxten av privat välfärdsproduktion sett ut och analyserat några centrala drivkrafter bakom denna utveckling.
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| 15. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
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Is There an Election Cycle in Public Employment? : Separating Time Effects from Election Year Effects
- 2011
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Ingår i: CESifo Economic Studies. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1610-241X .- 1612-7501. ; 57:3, s. 480-498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Do governments increase public employment in election years? This article answers this question by using data from Sweden and Finland, two countries that are similar in many respects but in which local elections are held at different points in time. These facts make it possible for us to separate an election effect from other time effects. Our results indicate that there is a statistically significant election year effect in local public employment, a production factor that is highly visible in the welfare services provided by the local governments in the Scandinavian countries. The effect also seems to be economically significant; the municipalities employ 0.6 more full-time employees per 1000 capita in election years than in other years (which correspond to an increase by approximately 1%).
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| 16. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
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Jobbtorg Stockholm - resultat från en enkätundersökning
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna studie undersöker vi med hjälp av enkätdata hur deltagarna vid Jobbtorgen i Stockholms stad ser på sin situation som arbetslösa och vilken hjälp och stöd de anser att de får av coacher och socialsekreterare. Vi fokuserar på gruppen utrikes födda, då bortfallet bland svenskfödda är stort. Vi undersöker även hur coacher och socialsekreterare ser på Jobbtorgen samt varandras arbete med arbetslösa försörjningsstödstagare.En analys av svaren visar att deltagarna anser sig ha en svag ställning på arbetsmarknaden. De allra flesta uppger att de söker aktivt efter jobb, men att de inte har haft något jobb på länge (eller kanske aldrig). De tror att deras chanser att få ett arbete inom kort är små. Majoriteten av de svarande deltagarna tycker att aktiviteten de deltar i är dålig och skulle hellre delta i någon annan aktivitet. Även om många tror att Jobbtorget kan hjälpa dem att få ett jobb, skulle de hellre söka jobb via Arbetsförmedlingen eller på egen hand. De deltagare som träffar sin coach relativt ofta och uppger att samarbetet med denne fungerar bra är mer positiva till den aktivitet de deltar i och tror i större utsträckning att Jobbtorget kan hjälpa dem att hitta ett arbete.
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| 17. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, 1966-
(författare)
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Local government in Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Local public sector in transition. - Helsingfors : Government Institute for Economic Research. - 9789515619372 ; , s. 122-154
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, 1966-
(författare)
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Påverkar den ökade etniska mångfalden välfärdspolitiken och sammanhållningen inom EU?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Arbetslöshet, migrationspolitik och nationalism. - Stockholm : Santérus Förlag. - 9789173590501 ; , s. 259-280
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Årsboken 2012 behandlar dynamiken mellan arbetslöshet, migrationspolitik och nationalism som en avgörande framtidsfråga för EU.EU:s sammanhållning är satt på sitt hittills svåraste prov. I den ekonomiska krisens spår ser vissa medlemsländer arbetslösheten stiga dramatiskt och tvingas till kraftiga neddragningar i välfärden. I andra medlemsländer går krisen relativt obemärkt förbi. Otryggheten och skillnaderna på Europas arbetsmarknad utgör grogrund för nationalism och främlingsfientlighet. Krav hörs på en mer restriktiv migrationspolitik. Samtidigt står Europa, med sin åldrande befolkning, inför en allvarlig demografisk och välfärdspolitisk utmaning. Många hävdar därför att EU:s konkurrenskraft och tillväxt på sikt måste bygga på en kraftigt ökad arbetskraftsinvandring.Denna bok behandlar dynamiken mellan arbetslöshet, migrationspolitik och nationalism som en avgörande framtidsfråga för EU. Vilka konsekvenser har den stigande arbetslösheten och de växande nationalistiska strömningarna för migrationspolitiken i Europa? Klarar EU de motsättningar som följer när vissa medlemsländer trappar upp argumentationen för nationella särlösningar? Kommer den fria rörligheten och EU:s gemensamma arbetsmarknad att kunna upprätthållas? Räcker tilliten mellan EU-länderna för att enas om ett gemensamt regelverk kring arbetskraftsinvandringen, som på en gång tillvaratar migranternas rättigheter och löser unionens långsiktiga demografiska problem?
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| 21. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
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Slutsaster.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Välfärdstjänster i privat regi.. - Stockholm : SNS förlag. - 9789186949471 ; , s. 221-230
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Jonsson, Hans
(författare)
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Housing, labour market conditions and regional migration
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Essay 1: Swedish micro and macro data on internal migration indicate that home-owners on average have a higher propensity to migrate to other labour market areas in response to higher unemployment and job vacancy rates than renters and tenant-owners. This is evidence that owning your home does not constrain labour mobility across labour market areas in comparison to other forms of housing tenure. The response to high local job vacancy rates indicates that migration in general is driven by differences in matching efficiency in local labour market areas rather than a pure response to high local unemployment. A third finding is that at higher levels of aggregation high unemployment is associated to high levels of home-ownership as previous researchers have found. The suggested explanation for this correlation, i.e. that home-ownership constrains mobility of individuals, however, seems falsified in Sweden by our results.Essay 2: Swedish micro and macro data on internal migration indicate that interregional migration responds to regional labour market conditions and individual unemployment. Migration is found to go from relatively high unemployment and high job vacancy to low unemployment and low job vacancy regions contrary to earlier research. The response to job vacancy rates indicate that migration responds to differences in local Beveridge curves and migration goes towards better matching efficiency. Unemployment on the individual level is found to increases the propensity for interregional migration.
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| 24. |
- Lundqvist, Heléne, 1982-
(författare)
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Empirical Essays in Political and Public Economics
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of four self-contained essays. Essay 1: Despite the key role played by political payoffs in theory, very little is known empirically about the types of payoffs that motivate politicians. The purpose of this paper is to bring light onto this. I estimate causal effects of being elected in a local election on monetary returns. The claim for causality, I argue, can be made thanks to a research design where the income of some candidate who just barely won a seat is compared to that of some other candidate who was close to winning a seat for the same party, but ultimately did not. This research design is made possible thanks to a comprehensive, detailed data set covering all Swedish politicians who have run for office in the period 1991—2006. I establish that monetary returns are absent both in the short and long run. In stead, politicians seem to be motivated by non-monetary payoffs that can be realized with a successful political career. Essay 2 (with Matz Dahlberg and Karin Edmark): In recent decades, the immigration of workers and refugees toEurope has increased substantially, and the composition of the population in many countries has consequently become much more heterogeneous in terms of ethnic background. If people exhibit in-group bias in the sense of being more altruistic to one's own kind, such increased heterogeneity will lead to reduced support for redistribution among natives. This paper exploits a nationwide program placing refugees in municipalities throughoutSweden during the period 1985—94 to isolate exogenous variation in immigrant shares. We match data on refugee placement to panel survey data on inhabitants of the receiving municipalities to estimate the causal effects of increased immigrant shares on preferences for redistribution. The results show that a larger immigrant population leads to less support for redistribution in the form of preferred social benefit levels. This reduction in support is especially pronounced for respondents with high income and wealth. We also establish that OLS estimators that do not properly deal with endogeneity problems – as in earlier studies – are likely to yield positively biased (i.e., less negative) effects of ethnic heterogeneity on preferences for redistribution. Essay 3: While the literature on how intergovernmental grants affect the budget of receiving jurisdictions is numerous, the very few studies that explicitly deal with likely endogeneity problems focus on grants targeted towards specific sectors or specific type of recipients. The results from these studies are mixed and make it clear that the knowledge about grants effects is to this date still insufficient. This paper contributes to this literature by estimating causal effects on local expenditures and income tax rates of general, non-targeted grants. This is done in a difference-in-difference model utilizing policy-induced increases in grants to a group of remotely populated municipalities inFinland. The robust finding is that increased grants have a negligible effect on local income tax rates, but that there is a substantial positive immediate response in local expenditures. Furthermore, there is no evidence of dynamic crowding-out – i.e., that the immediate response in expenditures is reversed in later years. The flypaper behavior displayed by the treatment group can potentially be explained by “separate mental accounting” – i.e., voters treating the government budget constraint separately from their own. Essay 4 (with Matz Dahlberg and Eva Mörk): Public employment plays an important role in most countries, as it is closely linked to both the quality of publicly provided welfare services and total employment. Large parts of those employed by the public sector are typically employed by lower-level governments, and one potential instrument with which central decision-makers can affect public employment is thus grants to lower-level governments. This paper investigates the effects of general grants on local public employment. Applying the regression kink design to the Swedish grant system, we are able to estimate causal effects of intergovernmental grants on personnel in different local government sectors. Our robust conclusion is that there was a substantial increase in personnel in the central administration after a marginal increase in grants, but that such an effect was lacking both for total personnel and personnel in child care, schools, elderly care, social welfare and technical services. We suggest several potential reasons for these results, such as heterogeneous treatment effects and bureaucratic influence in the local decision-making process.
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| 25. |
- Lundqvist, Heléne, et al.
(författare)
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Stimulating Local Public Employment:Do General Grants Work?
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7731 .- 1945-774X. ; 6:1, s. 167-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We apply the regression kink design to the Swedish grant system and estimate causal effects of intergovernmental grants on local public employment. Our robust conclusion is that grants do not stimulate local public employment. We find no statistically significant effects on total local public employment, and we can exclude even moderate effects. When disaggregating the total effect by sector, we find that personnel in the traditional welfare sectors are unaffected, a conclusion which applies to both publicly and privately employed in these sectors. The only positive and statistically significant effect of grants is that on administrative personnel.
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| 26. |
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| 29. |
- Persson, Anna
(författare)
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Activation Programs, Benefit Take-Up, and Labor Market Attachment
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Essay 1 (with Ulrika Vikman): Previous literature shows that activation requirements for welfare participants reduce welfare participation, but the dynamics behind these results have not been fully examined. In this paper we use a rich set of register data covering the entire working age population in a Swedish municipality to study how the introduction of mandatory activation programs aimed at unemployed welfare participants affect the probability of entering and exiting welfare. Our results indicate that the reduction in the number of welfare participants is mainly due to an increase in welfare exits. The effect is larger for unmarried individuals without children and for young individuals. Among the young we also find a reduction in welfare entries. It thus seems that individuals with fewer family responsibilities are more responsive to the reform.Essay 2: We study the impact of a set of labour market programs directed to unemployed welfare participants on criminal behaviour. To isolate the causal effect we exploit the sequential implementation of activation programs in municipalities and districts in Stockholm county. We find that criminal activity increased as a result of the programs. The size and significance levels of the estimates should be interpreted with caution, but we can conclude that the reform did at least not have a mitigating effect on crime. We find no evidence that the effect is larger for financially motivated crime.Essay 3: Given the trend towards more active policies on reducing the take-up of welfare benefits, the consequences of leaving welfare constitutes an important issue. This paper studies disposable income and poverty among welfare leavers in Sweden during 19 years (1990-2008). Using a rich set of register data we can accurately measure disposable income and labor market outcomes. We find that there are large significant differences in post welfare financial situation among those working full time and those who work only a little or not at all. Leavers neither working nor receiving benefits from social insurance are likely to be financially dependent on family members, and are more likely than others to be in poverty. We conclude that leaving welfare is not always associated with becoming financially better off, post welfare well being depend heavily on labor market outcomes.Essay 4 (with Matz Dahlberg and Linna Martén): In 1999, the Swedish government announced one of the largest reforms of the national defense in modern times, which led to closures and significant downsizing of several military bases, as well as large reductions of the workforce. Previous studies have found that workers that have been displaced from their previous employers experience significant earnings declines, even in the long run. In this paper we study the labor market effects of the involuntary job losses following the drastic changes of the Swedish security policy. Using population wide register data we estimate how labor income and unemployment benefit take-up changed among those employed at the affected military bases, relative to workers at unaffected military units. We find a decrease in labor earnings, primarily among civil servants. We find no effect on neither unemployment nor employment, indicating that the drop in earnings is likely to be driven by lower re-employment wages.
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| 32. |
- Vikman, Ulrika
(författare)
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Benefits or Work? Social Programs and Labor Supply
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of four self-contained essays.Essay I: This essay evaluates how access to paid parental leave affects labor market entrance for immigrating mothers with small children. Paid parental leave together with job protection may increase labor force participation among women but if it is too generous it may create incentives to stay out of the labor force. This incentive effect may be especially true for mothers immigrating to a country where having small children automatically makes the mothers eligible for the benefit.To evaluate the differences in the assimilation process for those who have access to the parental leave benefit and those who do not, Swedish administration data is used in a difference-in-differences specification to control for both time in the country and the age of the youngest child.The results show that labor market entrance is delayed for mothers and that they are less likely to be a part of the labor force for up to seven years after their residence permit if they had access to parental leave benefits when they came to Sweden. This reduction in the labor force participation is to some extent driven by unemployment since the effect on employment is smaller. But there is still an effect on employment of 3 percentage points lower participation rates 2-6 years after immigration.Essay II: This essay examines if the probability of leaving unemployment changes for unemployed parents with young children when childcare is available. To investigate this, I use the heterogeneity among Swedish municipalities before the implementation of a 2001 Swedish childcare reform making it mandatory for municipalities to offer childcare to unemployed parents for at least 15 hours per week. The results indicate a positive effect on the probability of leaving unemployment for mothers when childcare is available, but no effect is found for fathers. For mothers, some heterogeneous effects are also found, with a greater effect on the probability of leaving unemployment for work when childcare is available for mothers with only compulsory schooling or university education and mothers with two children.Essay III (with Helge Bennmarker and Oskar Nordström Skans): In this essay we estimate the effects of conditioning benefits on program participation among older long-term unemployed workers. We exploit a Swedish reform which reduced UI duration from 90 to 60 weeks for a group of older unemployed workers in a setting where workers who exhausted their benefits received unchanged transfers if they agreed to participate in a work practice program. Our results show that job finding increased as a result of the shorter duration of passive benefits. The time profile of the job-finding effects suggests that the effects are due to deterrence effects during the program-entry phase. We find no evidence of wage reductions, suggesting that the increased job-finding rate was driven by increased search intensity rather than lower reservation wages.Essay IV (with Anna Persson): Previous literature shows that activation requirements for welfare participants reduce welfare participation. However, the dynamics have not been fully examined. In this essay we use a rich set of register data covering the entire population in a Swedish municipality to study how the introduction of mandatory activation programs aimed at unemployed welfare participants affect the probability of entering and exiting welfare. Our results indicate that the reduction in the caseload of welfare participants was mainly due to an increase in welfare exits. The effect is larger for unmarried individuals without children and for young individuals where we also find a reduction in welfare entries. It thus seems that individuals with fewer family responsibilities are more responsive to the reform.
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| 33. |
- Winblad, Ulrika, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Inledning
- 2013
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Ingår i: Välfärdstjänster i privat regi.. - Stockholm : SNS förlag. - 9789186949471 ; , s. 21-32
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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