| 1. |
- Anderberg, Mats, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
Adolescents with substance abuse problems in outpatient treatment : a one-year prospective follow-up study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : Sage Publications. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 38:5, s. 466-479
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: There is a lack of knowledge about how adolescents with substance abuse problems manage after taking part in treatment. It is also difficult to perform traditional follow-up studies with this group. This article presents the outcome of a prospective study of 455 adolescents who underwent outpatient treatment, based on data taken from official registers. It aims to describe and analyse indications of continued use of substance (CUS) and how various risk and protective factors predict outcomes after initiated treatment at a Maria clinic in Sweden. Design: The study is based on structured interviews at intake, and the data that indicated CUS were taken from several different national registers. The analyses included descriptive data and bivariate associations, logistic regressions and a CHAID analysis. Results: Almost two thirds of the adolescents have no indication of CUS at one-year follow-up. The ten studied risk factors independently were weak predictors of CUS and it was instead the accumulation of risk factors that were linked to a negative outcome. Conclusion: The majority of adolescents who start outpatient treatment for substance abuse problems return to a lesser extent in registers that may indicate a continued problem with alcohol and drugs one year later. A concentration of more than five risk factors appears to be associated with a registration. The study also provides an example of an alternative method for following up adolescents with alcohol and drug abuse problems.
|
|
| 2. |
- Anderberg, Mats, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
Criminality among young people with substance use problems in Sweden : A one-year follow-up study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Drug Issues. - : Sage Publications. - 0022-0426 .- 1945-1369. ; 52:3, s. 406-420
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish drug policy has a strong focus on minor drug violations. This longitudinal study analyses the association between criminality and substance use problems among young people who have received outpatient treatment and risk factors that predict continued problems with criminality. Research on this target group is under development in Sweden, but there are few follow-up studies. The study indicates that about one-quarters of the young people who begin outpatient treatment have been convicted of crimes at 1-year follow-up. Most of them who had been convicted with offences also have ongoing problems with substance use and three-quarters of the young people had been charged with a drug-related offence. More than five risk factors give an elevated risk of continued criminality. Interventions meeting the needs of young people, moving away from the current emphasis on penal law principles, may also contribute to reduced criminality in this target group.
|
|
| 3. |
- Anderberg, Mats, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
Minskad alkohol- och cannabisanvändning bland ungdomar på Mariamottagningar : En effekt av Coronapandemin?
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift. - Stockholm : Socialmedicinsk tidskrift. - 0037-833X. ; 99:2, s. 237-251
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studien belyser Coronapandemins eventuella betydelse för de 658 ungdomar som påbörjade behandling för alkohol- och narkotikaproblem på Maria-mottagningarna i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö år 2020 vad gäller droganvändning och psykosocial situation jämfört med uppgifter för 2016-2019. I studien observeras flera parallella förändringar kring ungdomarnas alkohol- och cannabisanvändning som kan hänga samman med förändrade umgängesmönster till följd av en ökad social distansering under pandemin. Dessa positiva indikationer kan ställas mot en befarad ökad psykisk ohälsa de kommande åren.
|
|
| 4. |
- Boson, Karin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
-
Adolescents with substance use problems in outpatient treatment: a one-year prospective follow-up study focusing on mental health and gender differences
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1747-597X. ; 17:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Although several studies have found a high incidence of coexisting mental health problems among adolescents with substance use problems, follow-up studies addressing how these conditions change over time are rare. The study will describe and analyze indications of mental health problems and how various risk factors predict outcomes 1 year after initial treatment contact. In addition, gender-specific risk factors are explored. Methods A clinical sample of 455 adolescents (29% girls, median age 17 years) answered a structural interview at baseline and were followed up using official records 1 year after initiated treatment. Bivariate associations and logistic regressions were conducted to analyse the links between risk factors at the individual, social, and structural levels as well as links between various mental illness symptoms at treatment start and indications of mental health problems 1 year later were analysed. Results The results show that mental health problems among adolescents largely persisted 1 year after start of outpatient care for substance use problems. Forty-two per cent of the sample displayed indications of mental health problems at follow-up, and registrations for both outpatient treatment and psychiatric medication were more common among the girls. Girls also reported more mental illness symptoms at treatment start than boys did, especially anxiety. Depression and suicidal thoughts had predictive values regarding indications of mental health problems and small cumulative effects were found for 6-10 co-occurring risk factors. Conclusions Adolescents with depression and suicidal thoughts at treatment start should yield attention among clinicians as these general risk factors could predict indication of mental health problems at 1 year follow-up effectively. Also, patients with more than six co-occurring risk factors seem more vulnerable for continued mental health problems. Generally, girls displayed a greater mental health and psychosocial burden at treatment initiation and were more likely to show indication of mental health problems at follow-up. These results suggests that girls are more likely to get psychiatric out-treatment parallel to, or after, substance abuse treatment. We recommend further investigation of gender differences and gender-specific needs in substance use treatment.
|
|
| 5. |
- Dahlberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Svampar Fungi
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Rödlistade arter i Sverige 2020. - 9789187853548 ; , s. 67-88
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 6. |
- Dahlberg, Jakob, 1969, et al.
(författare)
-
Incidence, detection and outcome of differentiated thyroid cancer in Western Sweden
- 2021
-
Ingår i: BJS open. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2474-9842. ; 5:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether the increasing incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) due to increased diagnosis of small and indolent tumours might mask a real increase of clinically significant cancers. The aim of this study was to correlate surgery, pathology and outcome data of individual patients to the mode of primary detection (palpation, by imaging or incidental) to assess if TC incidence has increased. METHODS: The Swedish Cancer Registry identified all patients with TC in Västra Götaland County representing approximately 1.6 million inhabitants. Clinical information was retrieved from medical records of patient cohorts from three study intervals (2001-2002, 2006-2007 and 2011-2014) comprising 60 per cent of all TC patients. Data were also obtained from the NORDCAN registry to compare of TC incidence with other Nordic countries. RESULTS: Between 2001 and 2014, the annualized standard incidence rate/100 000 population (ASR) of TC increased from 3.14 to 10.71 in women and from 1.12 to 3.77 in men. This was higher than the mean incidence for Sweden but similar to that in Norway and Finland. Differentiated TC (DTC) increased more than threefold. The majority of tumours (64 per cent) were detected by palpation. Larger tumours (10-20, 21-40 and greater than 40 mm) increased as much as microcarcinomas (less than 10 mm). Only 5 per cent of the tumours were detected by imaging. All disease-specific deaths (8.5 per cent of DTC in the first two cohorts) and most patients with recurrent or persistent disease (6.6 per cent of DTC cases) were diagnosed due to tumour-related symptoms. CONCLUSION: DTC in Western Sweden gradually increased between 2001 and 2014. The majority of tumours were detected by palpation suggesting a real increase in the incidence of clinically significant thyroid malignancies. © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of BJS Society Ltd.
|
|
| 7. |
- Dahlberg, Mikael, 1965-
(författare)
-
Ensamkommande ungdomar med alkohol- och narkotikaproblem – en riskgrupp?
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift. - Stockholm : Stiftelsen Socialmedicinsk tidskrift. - 0037-833X. ; 97:2, s. 287-302
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Droganvändning bland ensamkommande ungdomar har varit föremål för en omfattande rapportering i media de senaste åren och har ofta framställts som ett eskalerande socialt problem. I artikeln beskrivs likheter och skillnader mellan ensamkommande ungdomar och andra ungdomar som påbörjar öppenvård för missbruk i relation till social situation, användning av droger, brottslighet, våldsutsatthet samt fysisk och psykisk hälsa. Studien är baserad på strukturerade intervjuer med 1 255 ungdomar på tolv öppenvårdsverksamheter i Sverige, 93 av dessa individer är ensamkommande ungdomar. Studien visar att ensamkommande ungdomar, trots traumatiska upplevelser och betydande psykologiska besvär, använder alkohol och droger i mindre utsträckning än andra ungdomar som påbörjar öppenvård. Det kan således vara problematiskt att betrakta dessa ungdomar som en särskild högriskgrupp som utgör stora utmaningar för det svenska välfärdssystemet.
|
|
| 8. |
- Dahlberg, Mikael, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-Term Outcomes for Young People With Substance Use Problems in Outpatient Treatment: Gender-Specific Patterns
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents the results of a longitudinal research project focusing on long-term outcomes among young people after initiation of outpatient treatment for substance use problems (SUP) in Sweden. Young people are defined with the age group 13-25 years. A clinical sample of 451 young people (29% girls, median age 17 years) completed a structured interview at baseline and was followed using official records one, two, and 3 years after initiation of treatment. Gender-specific patterns at intake were described and bivariate associations and logistic regressions were calculated to analyse the links between risk factors at treatment start and indications of substance use problems 3 years later. Significantly more boys than girls displayed indications of continued SUP at 3-year follow-up. More specifically, 49% of the boys vs. 35% of the girls were identified through records as still having problems with substance use. Predictive risk factors also displayed gender-specific patterns. Primary drug use frequency and age at intake predicted indications of SUP among boys but not among girls. Placement in foster care/residential homes, depression, and early drug debut had significant predictive value regarding indications of SUP among females but not among males. Girls also displayed a greater psychosocial burden at treatment start, but a more favorable treatment outcome at follow-up. Youths with a heavy risk load at treatment start (i.e., over six risk factors) did not display a greater risk of SUP at 3-year follow-up, although our results suggest that this subgroup has indications of continued problems with mental health. Consequently, future studies should further explore gender-specific treatment pathways for young people with substance use problems. Since women and girls seem to have different risk factors, co-occurring psychiatric problems and more experiences of trauma compared to men, they might need multidimensional and more comprehensive treatment interventions that run over a longer period of time.
|
|
| 9. |
- Dahlberg, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Maria-mottagningarna i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö - Ungdomar i öppenvård år 2019
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna rapport beskrivs livsvillkoren för de ungdomar som påbörjade behandling vid Maria-mottagningarna i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmöunder år 2019 avseende användning av alkohol och narkotika, uppväxtförhållanden samt hur de har det med skola och arbete, kriminalitet och psykisk hälsa. Dessa uppgifter jämförs med tidigare års data (2013-2018) för att belysa trender i de tre städerna. Rapporten sammanställs årligen och utgör ett underlag för kunskaps- och metodutveckling vid verksamheterna. Författare till rapporten är fil dr Mats Anderberg och fil dr Mikael Dahlberg.
|
|
| 10. |
- Dahlberg, Mikael, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Maria-mottagningarna i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö - Ungdomar i öppenvård år 2020
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna rapport beskrivs livsvillkoren för de ungdomar som påbörjade behandling vid Maria-mottagningarna i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö under år 2020 avseende användning av alkohol och narkotika, uppväxtförhållanden samt hur de har det med skola och arbete, kriminalitet och psykisk hälsa. Dessa uppgifter jämförs med tidigare års data (2013-2019) för att belysa trender i de tre städerna. Rapporten sammanställs årligen och utgör ett underlag för kunskaps- och metodutveckling vid verksamheterna. Författare till rapporten är Mats Anderberg och Mikael Dahlberg som är forskare och lärare vid Linnéuniversitetet.
|
|
| 11. |
- Dahlberg, Mikael, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Maria-mottagningarna i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö - Ungdomar i öppenvård år 2021
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna rapport beskrivs livsvillkoren för de ungdomar som påbörjade behandling vid Maria-mottagningarna i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö under år 2021 avseende användning av alkohol och narkotika, uppväxtförhållanden samt hur de har det med skola och arbete, kriminalitet och psykisk hälsa. Dessa uppgifter jämförs med tidigare års data (2013-2020) för att belysa trender i de tre städerna. Rapporten sammanställs årligen och utgör ett underlag för kunskaps- och metodutveckling vid verksamheterna. Rapporten är framtagen av Institutet för kunskaps- och metodutveckling inom ungdoms- och missbruksvården (IKM), Linnéuniversitetet på uppdrag av Stockholms stad, Göteborgs stad, Malmö stad, Västra Götalandsregionen och Region Skåne. Författare till rapporten är Mats Anderberg och Mikael Dahlberg som är forskare och lärare vid Linnéuniversitetet.
|
|
| 12. |
- Dahlberg, Mikael, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Maria-mottagningarna i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö - Ungdomar i öppenvård år 2022
- 2023
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna rapport beskrivs livsvillkoren för de ungdomar som påbörjade behandling vid Mariamottagningarna i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö under år 2022 avseende användning av alkohol och narkotika, uppväxtförhållanden samt hur de har det med skola och arbete, kriminalitet och psykisk hälsa. Dessa uppgifter jämförs med tidigare års data (2013-2020) för att belysa generella trender i de tre städerna. Rapporten sammanställs årligen och utgör ett underlag för kunskaps- och metodutveckling vid verksamheterna. Rapporten är framtagen av Institutet för kunskaps- och metodutveckling inom ungdoms- och missbruksvård (IKM), Linnéuniversitetet på uppdrag av Stockholms stad, Göteborgs stad, Malmö stad, Västra Götalandsregionen och Region Skåne. Författare till rapporten är Mats Anderberg och Mikael Dahlberg som är forskare och lärare vid Linnéuniversitetet.
|
|
| 13. |
- Dahlberg, Mikael, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
UngDOK : Manual för intervjuformulären, 2020
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- UngDOK är en strukturerad intervju som tagits fram särskilt för ungdomarmed olika former av alkohol- och narkotikaproblem. Det primära syftet med UngDOK är att kartlägga den unges problem, behov och aktuella situation för att kunna göra en relevant bedömning, planering och genomförande av behandling. Denna samlade information kan även utgöra underlag för uppföljning och lokal utvärdering av mottagningarnas insatser och resultat. Tanken är också att dokumentationen samtidigt ska kunna bidra till epidemiologisk information för nationellt bruk och till behandlingsforskning.Den strukturerade intervjun UngDOK skapades år 2003 inom ramen för ett trestadssamarbete mellan öppenvårdsmottagningar för unga med missbruksproblem i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö, de s.k. Maria-mottagningarna. I detta samarbete uppmärksammades dokumentation som gemensamt intresseområde och behov. Några mottagningar saknade helt system för systematisk dokumentation av sina klienter medan andra använde egenkomponerade formulär eller intervjumetoder som skapats för vuxna personer med missbruksproblem. Ingen av mottagningarna var nöjda med de system för dokumentationsom sedan tidigare användes och önskade därför att ta fram ett nytt ochgemensamt dokumentationssystem. Utgångspunkten vid skapandet av det nya dokumentationssystemet var att det skulle vara kortfattat, lättanvänt, samt anpassat för den målgrupp som mottagningarna möter.Sedan 2009 har utveckling och uppdatering av dokumentationssystemet gjorts i samarbete med Institutet för kunskaps- och metodutveckling inom ungdoms- och missbruksvården (IKM) vid Linnéuniversitetet. Den information som samlas in med stöd av den strukturerade intervjun UngDOK sammanställs i en databas, vilken IKM ansvarar för. UngDOK:s statistiska sammanställning samlas i en årlig rapport om samtliga IKMDOK:s enheter som i sin tur även används för nationella och internationella epidemiologiska jämförelser.UngDOK reviderades och vidareutvecklades gemensamt av behandlare och forskare under hösten 2012, då även en ny intervju för uppföljning togs fram. En viktig utgångspunkt under utvecklingsarbetet var att bygga vidare på erfarenheter från tidigare samarbete och att i så hög grad som möjligt bibehålla ursprungliga intentioner och ambitioner genom att tillgodose praktikers behov och önskemål. Samtidigt behöver en strukturerad intervju som riktar sig till ungdomar med missbruksproblem uppfylla de krav som bör ställas t.ex.vad gäller relevanta forskningsmässiga, teoretiska och metodologiska utgångspunkter. Att tillgodose samtliga principer i en och samma intervju strukturär en svår ekvation och utvecklingsarbetet har därför inneburit kompromisser mellan verksamhets- och forskningsperspektiv. Parallellt med utvecklingen av UngDOK togs även denna manual fram som syftar till att ge såväl generella anvisningar om den strukturerade intervjun som specifika instruktioner och råd kring hur enskilda frågor ska tolkas och registreras.
|
|
| 14. |
- Dahlberg, Mikael, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
UngDOK : Manual för intervjuformulären, 2021
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- UngDOK är en strukturerad intervju som tagits fram särskilt för ungdomarmed olika former av alkohol- och narkotikaproblem. Det primära syftet med UngDOK är att kartlägga den unges problem, behov och aktuella situation för att kunna göra en relevant bedömning, planering och genomförande av behandling. Denna samlade information kan även utgöra underlag för uppföljning och lokal utvärdering av mottagningarnas insatser och resultat. Tanken är också att dokumentationen samtidigt ska kunna bidra till epidemiologisk information för nationellt bruk och till behandlingsforskning.Den strukturerade intervjun UngDOK skapades år 2003 inom ramen för ett trestadssamarbete mellan öppenvårdsmottagningar för unga med missbruksproblem i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö, de s.k. Maria-mottagningarna. I detta samarbete uppmärksammades dokumentation som gemensamt intresseområde och behov. Några mottagningar saknade helt system för systematisk dokumentation av sina klienter medan andra använde egenkomponerade formulär eller intervjumetoder som skapats för vuxna personer med missbruksproblem. Ingen av mottagningarna var nöjda med de system för dokumentationsom sedan tidigare användes och önskade därför att ta fram ett nytt ochgemensamt dokumentationssystem. Utgångspunkten vid skapandet av det nya dokumentationssystemet var att det skulle vara kortfattat, lättanvänt, samt anpassat för den målgrupp som mottagningarna möter.Sedan 2009 har utveckling och uppdatering av dokumentationssystemet gjorts i samarbete med Institutet för kunskaps- och metodutveckling inom ungdoms- och missbruksvården (IKM) vid Linnéuniversitetet. Den information som samlas in med stöd av den strukturerade intervjun UngDOK sammanställs i en databas, vilken IKM ansvarar för. UngDOK:s statistiska sammanställning samlas i en årlig rapport om samtliga IKMDOK:s enheter som i sin tur även används för nationella och internationella epidemiologiska jämförelser.UngDOK reviderades och vidareutvecklades gemensamt av behandlare och forskare under hösten 2012, då även en ny intervju för uppföljning togs fram. En viktig utgångspunkt under utvecklingsarbetet var att bygga vidare på erfarenheter från tidigare samarbete och att i så hög grad som möjligt bibehålla ursprungliga intentioner och ambitioner genom att tillgodose praktikers behov och önskemål. Samtidigt behöver en strukturerad intervju som riktar sig till ungdomar med missbruksproblem uppfylla de krav som bör ställas t.ex.vad gäller relevanta forskningsmässiga, teoretiska och metodologiska utgångspunkter. Att tillgodose samtliga principer i en och samma intervju strukturär en svår ekvation och utvecklingsarbetet har därför inneburit kompromisser mellan verksamhets- och forskningsperspektiv. Parallellt med utvecklingen av UngDOK togs även denna manual fram som syftar till att ge såväl generella anvisningar om den strukturerade intervjun som specifika instruktioner och råd kring hur enskilda frågor ska tolkas och registreras.
|
|
| 15. |
- Dahlberg, Tobias, 1990-
(författare)
-
KNOW YOUR ENEMY : Characterizing Pathogenic Biomaterials Using Laser Tweezers
- 2022
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Diseases caused by pathogenic agents such as bacteria and viruses result in devastating costs on personal and societal levels. However, it is not just the emergence of new diseases that is problematic. Antibiotic resistance among bacteria makes uncomplicated infections difficult and lethal. Resilient disease-causing spores spread in hospitals, the food industry, and water supplies requiring effective detection and disinfection methods. Further, we face complex neurological diseases where no effective treatment or diagnostic methods exist. Thus, we must increase our fundamental understanding of these diseases to develop effective diagnostic, detection, disinfection, and treatment methods.Classically, the methods used for detecting and studying the underlying mechanics of pathogenic agents work on a large scale, measuring the average macroscopic behavior and properties of these pathogens. However, just as with humans, the average behavior is not always representative of individual behavior. Therefore, it is also essential to investigate the characteristics of these pathogens on a single cell or particle level. This thesis develops and applies optical techniques to characterize pathogenic biomaterial on a single cell or particle level. At the heart of all these studies is our Optical Tweezers (OT) instrument. OT are a tool that allows us to reach into the microscopic world and interact with it. Finally, by combining OT with other experimental techniques, we can chemically characterize biomaterials and develop assays that mimic different biological settings. Using these tools, we investigate bacterial adhesion, disinfection, and detection of pathogenic spores and proteins.Hopefully, the insights of these studies can lessen the burden on society caused by diseases by helping others develop effective treatment, diagnostic, detection, and disinfection methods in the future.
|
|
| 16. |
- Hugo, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Between motivation and unwillingness : Young people in outpatient treatment for substance use problems
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Youth Voice Journal. - : RJ4All Publications. - 2049-2073 .- 2056-2969. ; 11, s. 1-19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the meaning of motivation among young people in outpatient care for substance use problems. Semi structured interviews with 21 youth aged 15-21 years were conducted and analysed using qualitative content analysis. The results show that young people’s motivations for contacting a clinic and addressing their drug use problems can be intrinsic, extrinsic, or a combination of both. Most young people in the study expressed ambivalence about changing their drug use. Several of them described an internalisation process in which, while the impetus may initially come from others, such as parents and friends, they gradually express a personal desire to change. An important implication is that young people’s motivation can be enhanced via trusting relationships with therapists. The study concludes that motivation is complex phenomena in which young people with substance use problems oscillate between being motivated and unmotivated or find themselves in more than one position, sometimes simultaneously, in a socially mediated process.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Knudsen, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
How the public understands news media trust : An open-ended approach
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journalism - Theory, Practice & Criticism. - : SAGE Publications. - 1464-8849 .- 1741-3001. ; 23:11, s. 2347-2363
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the central role that ordinary citizens play as ‘trustors’ (i.e. the actor that places trust) in the literature on news media trust, prior quantitative studies have paid little attention to how ordinary citizens understand and define news media trust. Here, trust tends to be studied from a researcher-defined – rather than an audience-defined – perspective. To address this gap, we investigate how the public describes news media trust in their own words by asking them directly. We analyse 1500 written responses collected through a Norwegian online probability-based survey, here using a semisupervised quantitative text analysis technique called structural topic modelling (STM). We find that citizens’ own understanding of news media trust can be categorised into four distinct topics that, in some instances, are comparable to academic and professional discourse. We show that citizens’ written descriptions of news media trust vary by many of the same variables that prior research has found to be important predictors of levels of trust. Respondents’ written descriptions of news media trust vary by education and satisfaction with democracy but not other known predictors of trust, such as ideological self-placement and political preferences.
|
|
| 19. |
- Renberg, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Prehospital and emergency department airway management of severe penetrating trauma in Sweden during the past decade
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1757-7241. ; 31:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Prehospital tracheal intubation (TI) is associated with increased mortality in patients with penetrating trauma, and the utility of prehospital advanced airway management is debated. The increased incidence of deadly violence in Sweden warrants a comprehensive evaluation of current airway management for patients with penetrating trauma in the Swedish prehospital environment and on arrival in the emergency department (ED).Methods This was an observational, multicenter study of all patients with penetrating trauma and injury severity scores (ISSs) >= 15 included in the Swedish national trauma register (SweTrau) between 2011 and 2019. We investigated the frequency and characteristics of prehospital and ED TI, including 30-day mortality and patient characteristics associated with TI.Result Of 816 included patients, 118 (14.5%) were intubated prehospitally, and 248 (30.4%) were intubated in the ED. Patients who were intubated prehospitally had a higher ISS, 33 (interquartile range [IQR] 25, 75), than those intubated in the ED, 25 (IQR 18, 34). Prehospital TI was associated with a higher associated mortality, OR 4.26 (CI 2.57, 7.27, p < 0.001) than TI in the ED, even when adjusted for ISS (OR 2.88 [CI 1.64, 5.14, p < 0.001]). Hemodynamic collapse (<= 40 mmHg) and low GCS score (<= 8) were the characteristics most associated with prehospital TI. Traumatic cardiac arrests (TCAs) occurred in 154 (18.9%) patients, of whom 77 (50%) were intubated prehospitally and 56 (36.4%) were intubated in the ED. A subgroup analysis excluding TCA showed that patients with prehospital TI did not have a higher mortality rate than those with ED TI, OR 2.07 (CI 0.93, 4.51, p = 0.068), with OR 1.39 (0.56, 3.26, p = 0.5) when adjusted for ISS.Conclusion Prehospital TI was associated with a higher mortality rate than those with ED TI, which was specifically related to TCA; intubation did not affect mortality in patients without cardiac arrest. Mortality was high when airway management was needed, regardless of cardiac arrest, thereby emphasizing the challenges posed when anesthesia is needed. Several interventions, including whole blood transfusions, the implementation of second-tier EMS units and measures to shorten scene times, have been initiated in Sweden to counteract these challenges.
|
|
| 20. |
- Renberg, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Prehospital transportation of severe penetrating trauma victims in Sweden during the past decade : a police business?
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1757-7241. ; 31:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionSweden is facing a surge of gun violence that mandates optimized prehospital transport approaches, and a survey of current practice is fundamental for such optimization. Management of severe, penetrating trauma is time sensitive, and there may be a survival benefit in limiting prehospital interventions. An important aspect is unregulated transportation by police or private vehicles to the hospital, which may decrease time but may also be associated with adverse outcomes. It is not known whether transport of patients with penetrating trauma occurs outside the emergency medical services (EMS) in Sweden and whether it affects outcome.MethodThis was a retrospective, descriptive nationwide study of all patients with penetrating trauma and injury severity scores (ISSs) ≥ 15 registered in the Swedish national trauma registry (SweTrau) between June 13, 2011, and December 31, 2019. We hypothesized that transport by police and private vehicles occurred and that it affected mortality.ResultA total of 657 patients were included. EMS transported 612 patients (93.2%), police 10 patients (1.5%), and private vehicles 27 patients (4.1%). Gunshot wounds (GSWs) were more common in police transport, 80% (n = 8), compared with private vehicles, 59% (n = 16), and EMS, 32% (n = 198). The Glasgow coma scale score (GCS) in the emergency department (ED) was lower for patients transported by police, 11.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 3, 15), in relation to EMS, 15 (IQR 14, 15) and private vehicles 15 (IQR 12.5, 15). The 30-day mortality for EMS was 30% (n = 184), 50% (n = 5) for police transport, and 22% (n = 6) for private vehicles. Transport by private vehicle, odds ratio (OR) 0.65, (confidence interval [CI] 0.24, 1.55, p = 0.4) and police OR 2.28 (CI 0.63, 8.3, p = 0.2) were not associated with increased mortality in relation to EMS.ConclusionNon-EMS transports did occur, however with a low incidence and did not affect mortality. GSWs were more common in police transport, and victims had lower GCS scorescores when arriving at the ED, which warrants further investigations of the operational management of shooting victims in Sweden.
|
|
| 21. |
- Richert, Torkel, et al.
(författare)
-
Mental health problems among young people in substance abuse treatment in Sweden
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1747-597X. ; 15:1, s. 1-10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Young people with substance use problems face a high risk of co-occurring mental health problems, something that may involve a more difficult life situation, social problems as well as worse treatment outcomes. The aim of this study is to analyse self-reported mental health problems among young people receiving outpatient treatment for substance use problems in Sweden. We explore what types of mental health problems are more or less predominant, and whether there are significant differences between boys and girls. In addition, we analyse how various mental health problems covary with indicators of substance abuse severity. Methods The study is based on structured interviews with 1970 young people enrolled at outpatient clinics in 11 Swedish cities. The data was analysed through frequency- and averages-calculations, Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results Self-reported mental health problems were common among the young people in the study. A relatively large percentage of the total group (34-54%) reported problems such as concentration difficulties, sleeping difficulties, anxiety and depression. At the same time, many of the young people did not report any symptoms and only a small group, about 20%, reported diagnosed mental health disorders. The results show substantial gender differences, with girls reporting significantly higher levels of mental health problems. Multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated significant associations between severity of drug use problems and anxiety, concentration difficulties, aggression, hallucinations and mental stress caused by experiences of trauma. Conclusions Treatment needs are diverse within this group of young people who use drugs. Since girls report higher levels of all mental health problems, and a larger burden of psychosocial risk factors than boys, they are likely to require more comprehensive treatment interventions. The link between more severe drug problems and mental health problems points to the importance of exploring this relationship in treatment. A multidisciplinary approach, in which co-occurring problems can be addressed simultaneously, may be the best treatment form for many young people with drug problems.
|
|
