| 1. |
- Boud, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Creating a world class program : Reciprocity and constraints in global study.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Lifelong Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0260-1370 .- 1464-519X. ; 25:6, s. 609-622
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article reflects on the construction of a common Master's programme across four universities located on four continents, in order to explore the role of networks in international educational collaboration. The study draws on the documented processes of the principal members of the programme team. It is presented as a case study of the development of the programme that uses ideas drawn from actor-network theory to draw attention to the conjunction of human and non-human actors that shaped the resulting web-based courses. Constraints arising from major institutional and systemic obstacles were addressed through the effects of the actor-network. The reciprocity of action and de-centring of individual activity made possible through the collaboration enabled the human actors to sustain a level of innovation within their own institutions that would not have been possible through them acting alone.
|
|
| 2. |
- Boud, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Making sense of new forms of practice : multiple perspectives in researching an intercultural programme across continents.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Standing Conference on University Teaching and Research in the Education of Adults,2006.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The focus of the symposium is on researching a programme with multiple sites of practice (in four conutries on four continents), learners distributed across the world and an emphasis on a pedagogy that embeds intercultural understanding. Studies from different perspectives are used to explore research issues in intercultural courses.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Dahlgren, Liselotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Differences in human papillomavirus type may influence clinical outcome in early stage cervical cancer.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 26:2A, s. 829-32
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV), the HPV type and viral load in early stage cervical carcinoma were investigated in order to elucidate whether any of these factors were important for clinical outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twelve patients who were disease-free 5 years after diagnosis were matched and compared with 12 patients who died within 2 years. The presence of HPV, HPV type and viral load in their tumours was examined by PCR. RESULTS: The distribution and load of HPV was similar in the 2 patient groups. HPV-16 was, however, significantly more common in tumours of the surviving patients than in those of patients who died (88.9% and 18.2%, respectively, p = 0.0152). CONCLUSION: HPV-16 was significantly more common in early stage carcinomas of patients surviving more than 5 years in comparison to early stage carcinomas of patients with a poor prognosis.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Hammarstedt, Lilian, et al.
(författare)
-
Human papillomavirus as a risk factor for the increase in incidence of tonsillar cancer
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Int J Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 119:11, s. 2620-3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smoking and alcohol are well-known etiological factors in tonsillar cancer. However, as in cervical cancer, human papillomavirus (HPV) is currently found in a sizable proportion of tonsillar cancer. Recent reports from the U.S. and Finland show an increase in the incidence of tonsillar cancer, without a parallel rise in smoking and alcohol consumption. This study investigates whether the incidence of tonsillar cancer has also changed in Sweden and whether a possible explanation of the increase is a higher proportion of HPV-positive tonsillar cancer. The incidence of tonsillar cancer between 1970 and 2002 in the Stockholm area was obtained from the Swedish Cancer Registry. In parallel, 203 pretreatment paraffin-embedded tonsillar cancer biopsies taken during 1970-2002 from patients in the Stockholm area were tested for presence of HPV DNA by PCR. The incidence of tonsillar cancer increased 2.8-fold (2.6 in men and 3.5 in women) from 1970 to 2002. During the same period, a significant increase in the proportion of HPV-positive tonsillar cancer cases was observed, as it increased 2.9-fold (p < 0.001). The distribution of HPV-positive cases was 7/30 (23.3%) in the 1970s, 12/42 (29%) in the 1980s, 48/84 (57%) in the 1990s and 32/47 (68%) during 2000-2002. We have demonstrated a highly significant and parallel increase both in the incidence of tonsillar cancer and the proportion of HPV-positive tumors. Hence, HPV may play an important role for the increased incidence of tonsillar cancer. This should definitely influence future preventive strategies as well as treatment for this type of cancer.
|
|
| 9. |
- Hult, Agneta, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
-
Teachers' invisible presence in net-based distance education
- 2005
-
Ingår i: International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. - 1492-3831. ; 6:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conferencing – or dialogue – has always been a core activity in liberal adult education. More recently, attempts have been made to transfer such conversations online in the form of computer-mediated conferencing. This transfer has raised a range of pedagogical questions, most notably “Can established practices be continued? Or must new forms of participation and group management be established? This paper addresses these questions. It is based on two sources: (1) 3,700 online postings from a variety of Net-based adult education courses in Sweden; and (2) interviews with participants and course-leaders. It comprises a discussion of online conversational activity and, in particular, the absent presence and pedagogic orientation of teachers who steer learners towards explicit and implicit course goals. In other words, it is a reminder that adult education is not a free-floating form of self instruction but, rather, operates within boundaries created and managed by other human beings.
|
|
| 10. |
- Sjöström, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of bariatric surgery on cancer incidence in obese patients in Sweden (Swedish Obese Subjects Study): a prospective, controlled intervention trial.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: The lancet oncology. - 1474-5488. ; 10:7, s. 653-62
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Obesity is a risk factor for cancer. Intentional weight loss in the obese might protect against malignancy, but evidence is limited. To our knowledge, the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study is the first intervention trial in the obese population to provide prospective, controlled cancer-incidence data. METHODS: The SOS study started in 1987 and involved 2010 obese patients (body-mass index [BMI] >or=34 kg/m(2) in men, and >or=38 kg/m(2) in women) who underwent bariatric surgery and 2037 contemporaneously matched obese controls, who received conventional treatment. While the main endpoint of SOS was overall mortality, the main outcome of this exploratory report was cancer incidence until Dec 31, 2005. Cancer follow-up rate was 99.9% and the median follow-up time was 10.9 years (range 0-18.1 years). FINDINGS: Bariatric surgery resulted in a sustained mean weight reduction of 19.9 kg (SD 15.6 kg) over 10 years, whereas the mean weight change in controls was a gain of 1.3 kg (SD 13.7 kg). The number of first-time cancers after inclusion was lower in the surgery group (n=117) than in the control group (n=169; HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.53-0.85, p=0.0009). The sex-treatment interaction p value was 0.054. In women, the number of first-time cancers after inclusion was lower in the surgery group (n=79) than in the control group (n=130; HR 0.58, 0.44-0.77; p=0.0001), whereas there was no effect of surgery in men (38 in the surgery group vs 39 in the control group; HR 0.97, 0.62-1.52; p=0.90). Similar results were obtained after exclusion of all cancer cases during the first 3 years of the intervention. INTERPRETATION: Bariatric surgery was associated with reduced cancer incidence in obese women but not in obese men. FUNDING: Swedish Research Council, Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, Swedish Federal Government under the LUA/ALF agreement, Hoffmann La Roche, Cederoths, AstraZeneca, Sanofi-Aventis, Ethicon Endosurgery.
|
|
| 11. |
- Sjöström, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - 1533-4406. ; 357:8, s. 741-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with increased mortality. Weight loss improves cardiovascular risk factors, but no prospective interventional studies have reported whether weight loss decreases overall mortality. In fact, many observational studies suggest that weight reduction is associated with increased mortality. METHODS: The prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects study involved 4047 obese subjects. Of these subjects, 2010 underwent bariatric surgery (surgery group) and 2037 received conventional treatment (matched control group). We report on overall mortality during an average of 10.9 years of follow-up. At the time of the analysis (November 1, 2005), vital status was known for all but three subjects (follow-up rate, 99.9%). RESULTS: The average weight change in control subjects was less than +/-2% during the period of up to 15 years during which weights were recorded. Maximum weight losses in the surgical subgroups were observed after 1 to 2 years: gastric bypass, 32%; vertical-banded gastroplasty, 25%; and banding, 20%. After 10 years, the weight losses from baseline were stabilized at 25%, 16%, and 14%, respectively. There were 129 deaths in the control group and 101 deaths in the surgery group. The unadjusted overall hazard ratio was 0.76 in the surgery group (P=0.04), as compared with the control group, and the hazard ratio adjusted for sex, age, and risk factors was 0.71 (P=0.01). The most common causes of death were myocardial infarction (control group, 25 subjects; surgery group, 13 subjects) and cancer (control group, 47; surgery group, 29). CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgery for severe obesity is associated with long-term weight loss and decreased overall mortality.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Söderström, Tor, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Premises, promises : connection, community, and communion in online education
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Discourse. Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0159-6306 .- 1469-3739. ; 27:4, s. 533-549
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is an essay on the discursive politics of education. Data from a small study, combined with a review of the related literature, suggest that the overarching concept “community” lacks coherence when used in online education. At least three contrasting forms of connection can be discerned: communion among participants, exchange between participants, and attachment to an ideal. In turn, we believe that this incoherence is not a trivial semantic problem, but rather a central concern in current efforts to remodel, reform and globalize distance education.
|
|
