| 1. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
-
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479 .- 1126-6708. ; :1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2012
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
-
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479 .- 1126-6708. ; :10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Ahmad, T., et al.
(författare)
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Frequency and outcomes of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Medical Forum Monthly. - : Medical Forum Monthly. - 1029-385X. ; 31:12, s. 3-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To find out frequency and outcomes of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in patients presenting with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Study Design: Descriptive / Cross-Sectional Study Place and Duration of study: This study was conducted at the Cardiology Department, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from November 2018 to May 2019. Materials and Methods: Patient of either gender having age ranging between 30-75 years old with acute STEMI who present within 12 hours of symptoms and with no past history of documented diabetes mellitus were included in the study. Venous blood samples for laboratory data, including random blood sugar, two fasting blood sugar and HBA1c using hitachi modular evo p800 machine was done. Results: A total of 158 patients having acute STEMI were studied. Males were 68.4% (n=108).The mean age was 59.65 ±10.80 years. Frequency of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus was 31.64 % (n = 50). In non-diabetics stress hyperglycemia was found in 51.85 % (n=56) patients. Among various types of STEMI, anterior STEMI was more common presentation 34.1 % (n=54. p= 0.85). Mean HBA1C was 6.19 ± 1.87%. Frequency of Ventricular tachycardia (VT) was 22.2 % in which undiagnosed diabetics were n=18 (p=0.004).Ventricular fibrillation was present in 13.3 % patients with undiagnosed diabetics were n=14 (p=0.001). Frequency of AF was 13.9% (n=22) with undiagnosed diabetics having AF in n=13 (p=0.003). SVT was present in 5.7% (n=9) patients with not significant difference between two groups (p=0.017). Among various mechanical complications VSR was present in 10 % (n=16) of patients (p=0.001), cardiogenic shock in 11.1 % (n=18) patients (p=0.004), acute LVF was present in 15.8 % patients (p=0.017). Conclusion: In our study we concluded that one third of patients having acute ST elevation myocardial infarction have undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (31.64 %, n = 50). The most common complication was ventricular tachycardia among electrical complication and LVF among mechanical complication.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ahmad, T, et al.
(författare)
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Skeletal changes in type-2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats.
- 2003
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Ingår i: The Journal of endocrinology. - : Bioscientifica. - 0022-0795 .- 1479-6805. ; 178:1, s. 111-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We characterized appendicular and axial bones in rats with type-2 diabetes in five female Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a strain developed from the Wistar rat showing spontaneous type-2 diabetes, and five age- and sex-matched non-diabetic Wistar rats. The humerus, tibia, metatarsals and vertebral bodies were analysed by peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT). In diabetic rats, the height of the vertebral bodies and length of the humerus were decreased while the length of the metatarsals was increased. A decreased cross-sectional area was found in the vertebral end-plate region and the tibial metaphysis. Notably, the diaphysis in all long bones showed expansion of periosteal and endosteal circumference. In tibia this resulted in increased cortical thickness, whereas in humerus and metatarsal it was unchanged. Areal moment of inertia was increased in all diaphyses suggesting greater bending strength. The most conspicuous finding in diabetic rats pertained to trabecular osteopenia. Thus, trabecular bone mineral density was significantly reduced in all bones examined, by 33-53%. Our pQCT study of axial and appendicular bones suggests that the typical feature of diabetic osteopathy in the GK rat is loss of trabecular bone and expansion of the diaphysis. The loss of metaphyseal trabecular bone if also present in diabetic patients may prove to underlie the susceptibility to periarticular fracture and Charcot arthropathy. The findings suggest that the risk of fracture in diabetes varies according to the specific sub-regions of a bone. The approach described may prove to be useful in the early detection of osteopathy in diabetic patients who may be amenable to preventive treatment.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Engwall, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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God havsmiljö 2020 : Marin strategi för Nordsjön och Östersjön Del 4: Åtgärdsprogram för havsmiljön
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Havs- och vattenmyndigheten har tagit fram ett åtgärdsprogram för havsmiljön (ÅPH) för Nordsjön och Östersjön. ÅPH har tagits fram enligt havsmiljöförordningen, som är det svenska genomförandet av EU:s havsmiljödirektiv. Åtgärdsprogrammet för havsmiljön anger vilka åtgärder som behövs för att miljökvalitetsnormerna för havet ska kunna följas för att god havsmiljö ska uppnås på sikt. Det kompletterar pågående arbete och vattenförvaltningens åtgärdsprogram.Vi föreslår trettiotvå olika åtgärder ÅPH följer bestämmelserna i 5 kap. miljöbalken och riktas till myndigheter och kommuner. För varje åtgärd finns en ansvarig myndighet som behöver genomföra åtgärden och ofta medverkar flera myndigheter. De flesta åtgärder är av styrmedelstyp som till exempel vägledningar, utredningar, information och bidrag. Dessa leder direkt eller indirekt till att de fysiska åtgärderna genomförs.Vi har tagit fram 32 olika åtgärder inom områdena • främmande arter• fiskar och skaldjur som påverkas av fiske• övergödning• bestående förändringar av hydrografiska villkor• farliga ämnen• marint avfall• biologisk mångfald• marina skyddade områden • restaureringMånga faktorer påverkar god status till 2020 De belastningar som vi övergripande bedömer ha störst påverkan på den svenska havsmiljön är tillförsel av näringsämnen, uttag av arter genom fiske samt tillförsel av farliga ämnen. I ÅPH finns åtgärder för att minska påverkan på havet inom dessa områden. När det gäller att minska tillförseln av näringsämnen och farliga ämnen måste detta ske främst genom landbaserade åtgärder vilka hanteras inom vattenförvaltningens åtgärdsprogram. Genomförande av vattenförvaltningens åtgärdsprogram är därför en förutsättning för att nå god miljöstatus. Det finns även nationella åtgärder för fiske i ÅPH, men här är också arbete inom EU:s gemensamma fiskeripolitik viktigt.Åtgärdsprogrammet för havsmiljön syftar till ett helhetsperspektiv på åtgärdsarbetet där åtgärder inom olika områden kompletterar varandra. Inom ett flertal områden råder dock kunskapsbrist. Det innebär att det är svårt att bedöma vilken omfattning eller typ av åtgärder som behövs. Det gäller också kostnader och effekter. Kunskapsförstärkning behövs till exempel om marina livsmiljöers utbredning och om deras tillstånd. Även om vi lyckas genomföra programmet i sin helhet och därmed reducera påverkan kommer vi inte att nå god miljöstatus generellt till 2020. Detta beror främst på den långa återställningstid som haven behöver. Även internationell påverkan – som luftföroreningar och marint skräp – kan vara viktigt men här är kunskapsläget sämre. För att komma åt sådana belastningar krävs ett kraftfullt internationellt samarbete. När ÅPH rapporteras till EU-kommissionen kommer vi också att rapportera att vi inte förväntar oss nå god miljöstatus 2020 för alla temaområden. Åtgärdsprogrammet är en god miljöinvesteringOm åtgärdsprogrammet för havsmiljön genomförs bedömer vi att den samhällsekonomiska nyttan som kan uppnås överstiger kostnaderna. Vi uppskattar den totala kostnaden för att genomföra ÅPH till cirka 2 miljarder kronor under perioden 2016–2030. De uppskattade nyttorna uppgår till cirka 6,8 miljarder kronor under samma period. Det framgår tydligt av konsekvensanalysen att det kommer att vara en god investering att genomföra ÅPH, både för miljön och för de samhällsekonomiska nyttor som genereras i förhållande till kostnaderna.Samordning med annat miljöarbeteAtt genomföra havsmiljöförordningen är en del i arbetet med att nå de svenska miljökvalitetsmålen. På så sätt knyts de politiskt beslutade målen för svenska hav samman med de juridiskt bindande miljökvalitetsnormerna för havsmiljön. Åtgärdsprogrammet för havsmiljön har tagits fram parallellt med åtgärdsprogrammet inom vattenförvaltningen1. De båda åtgärdsprogrammen kompletterar varandra, framför allt åtgärder för att minska närsaltsbelastningen till havet. För att nå de internationellt överenskomna målen inom Aktionsplanen för Östersjön (BSAP) behövs åtgärder på land och dessa finns i vattenförvaltningen. Det nuvarande förslaget till reviderat åtgärdsprogram för vattenförvaltningen innebär att tillförseln att kväve och fosfor kommer att minska vilket gör att vi i stort sett når målen. Däremot är minskningen inte tillräcklig för att uppnå målen i BSAP. För att komplettera annat åtgärdsarbete vill vi utreda hur den interna belastningen av kväve och fosfor i Östersjön kan minskas. Vi tror att det kan leda till bättre havsmiljö, framför allt lokalt. Den svenska havsplaneringen är en process för att planera för var verksamheter bör lokaliseras så att god miljöstatus och en hållbar användning av haven kan uppnås. Flera föreslagna åtgärder behöver också hanteras i det pågående arbetet med att utarbeta havsplaner. Arbetet med att genomföra havsmiljöförordningen innebär även samverkan med våra grannländer kring åtgärder i den gemensamma havsmiljön. Det gäller bland annat bilaterala samarbeten, inom de regionala havskonventionerna Ospar och Helcom samt på EU-nivå. Nationellt samråd om åtgärdsprogrammet för havsmiljön pågick mellan 1 februari och 30 april 2015. Åtgärdsprogrammet fastställdes den 14 december 2015 och rapporteras till EU-kommissionen i början av 2016. Från 2016 startar arbetet med att genomföra åtgärderna och följa upp genomförandet.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Vedung, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Intravenous adrenaline infusion causes vasoconstriction close to an intramuscular microdialysis catheter in humans.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 30:6, s. 399-405
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To test if a small muscle injury influences the vascular reactivity to adrenaline in human skeletal muscle. METHODS: Blood flow was measured by ¹³³Xenon clearance in the gastrocnemius muscle of eight male subjects at basal and during i.v. infusion of adrenaline (0.1 nmol kg⁻¹ min⁻¹) or placebo. Measurements were done with (expts 2 and 3) or without (expt 1) the influence of a small muscle injury induced by inserting a microdialysis catheter. ¹³³Xenon was administered either (expt 1) conventionally into the muscle via a fine needle, or (expts 2 and 3) through a fine tube close to the inserted microdialysis catheter. Expt 3 (control expt) was identical to expt 2 except that placebo was infused instead of adrenaline. Mean ± SEM, n= 8. RESULTS: The blood flow tended to increase during the adrenaline infusion in expt 1 (1.17 ± 0.10 to 1.39 ± 0.15, N.S.), whereas it decreased during the adrenaline infusion in expt 2, from 1.39 ± 0.14 to 1.03 ± 0.14 ml min⁻¹ 100 g tissue⁻¹ (P<0.001). The blood flow change in response to adrenaline infusion was significantly different in expt 1 and expt 2 (P<0.05). Blood flow also decreased during the placebo infusion in expt 3 (1.15 ± 0.10 to 1.00 ± 0.09, P<0.01), but this decrease was significantly smaller than in response to the adrenaline infusion in expt 2, P<0.01. CONCLUSION: The present results are consistent with the hypothesis that the small muscle injury caused by the inserted microdialysis catheter influences the vascular reactivity to adrenaline in a vasoconstrictive direction.
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| 11. |
- Braik, Malik, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive dynamic elite opposition-based Ali Baba and the forty thieves algorithm for high-dimensional feature selection
- 2024
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Ingår i: Cluster Computing. - : SPRINGER. - 1386-7857 .- 1573-7543.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-dimensional Feature Selection Problems (HFSPs) have grown in popularity but remain challenging. When faced with such complex situations, the majority of currently employed Feature Selection (FS) methods for these problems drastically underperform in terms of effectiveness. To address HFSPs, a new Binary variant of the Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (BAFT) algorithm known as binary adaptive elite opposition-based AFT (BAEOAFT), incorporating historical information and dimensional mutation is presented. The entire population is dynamically separated into two subpopulations in order to maintain population variety, and information and knowledge about individuals are extracted to offer adaptive and dynamic strategies in both subpopulations. Based on the individuals' history knowledge, Adaptive Tracking Distance (ATD) and Adaptive Perceptive Possibility (APP) schemes are presented for the exploration and exploitation subpopulations. A dynamic dimension mutation technique is used in the exploration subpopulation to enhance BAEOAFT's capacity in solving HFSPs. Meanwhile, the exploratory subpopulation uses Dlite Dynamic opposite Learning (EDL) to promote individual variety. Even if the exploitation group prematurely converges, the exploration subpopulation's variety can still be preserved. The proposed BAEOAFT-based FS technique was assessed by utilizing the k-nearest neighbor classifier on 20 HFSPs obtained from the UCI repository. The developed BAEOAFT achieved classification accuracy rates greater than those of its competitors and the conventional BAFT in more than 90% of the applied datasets. Additionally, BAEOAFT outperformed its rivals in terms of reduction rates while selecting the fewest number of features.
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| 12. |
- Abel, I, et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the JET results with the ITER-like wall
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 53:10, s. 104002-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following the completion in May 2011 of the shutdown for the installation of the beryllium wall and the tungsten divertor, the first set of JET campaigns have addressed the investigation of the retention properties and the development of operational scenarios with the new plasma-facing materials. The large reduction in the carbon content (more than a factor ten) led to a much lower Z(eff) (1.2-1.4) during L- and H-mode plasmas, and radiation during the burn-through phase of the plasma initiation with the consequence that breakdown failures are almost absent. Gas balance experiments have shown that the fuel retention rate with the new wall is substantially reduced with respect to the C wall. The re-establishment of the baseline H-mode and hybrid scenarios compatible with the new wall has required an optimization of the control of metallic impurity sources and heat loads. Stable type-I ELMy H-mode regimes with H-98,H-y2 close to 1 and beta(N) similar to 1.6 have been achieved using gas injection. ELM frequency is a key factor for the control of the metallic impurity accumulation. Pedestal temperatures tend to be lower with the new wall, leading to reduced confinement, but nitrogen seeding restores high pedestal temperatures and confinement. Compared with the carbon wall, major disruptions with the new wall show a lower radiated power and a slower current quench. The higher heat loads on Be wall plasma-facing components due to lower radiation made the routine use of massive gas injection for disruption mitigation essential.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Klintman, Mikael
(författare)
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Knowledge Resistance : How We Avoid Insight from Others
- 2019
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Why do people and groups ignore, deny and resist knowledge about society's many problems? In a world of 'alternative facts', 'fake news' that some believe could be remedied by 'factfulness', the question has never been more pressing. After years of ideologically polarised debates on this topic, the book seeks to further advance our understanding of the phenomenon of knowledge resistance by integrating insights from the social, economic and evolutionary sciences. It identifies simplistic views in public and scholarly debates about what facts, knowledge and human motivations are and what 'rational' use of information actually means. The examples used include controversies about nature-nurture, climate change, gender roles, vaccination, genetically modified food and artificial intelligence. Drawing on cutting-edge scholarship as well as personal experiences of culture clashes, the book is aimed at the general, educated public as well as students and scholars interested in the interface of human motivation and the urgent social problems of today.
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| 15. |
- Kotan, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Hemorheological and Microcirculatory Relations of Acute Pancreatitis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Metabolites. - : MDPI. - 2218-1989 .- 2218-1989. ; 13:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acute pancreatitis still means a serious challenge in clinical practice. Its pathomechanism is complex and has yet to be fully elucidated. Rheological properties of blood play an important role in tissue perfusion and show non-specific changes in acute pancreatitis. An increase in blood and plasma viscosity, impairment of red blood cell deformability, and enhanced red blood cell aggregation caused by metabolic, inflammatory, free radical-related changes and mechanical stress contribute to the deterioration of the blood flow in the large vessels and also in the microcirculation. Revealing the significance of these changes in acute pancreatitis may better explain the pathogenesis and optimize the therapy. In this review, we give an overview of the role of impaired microcirculation by changes in hemorheological properties in acute pancreatitis.
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| 16. |
- Hezam, F. A., et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and physical properties of spinel ferrites/MWCNTs hybrids nanocomposites for energy storage and photocatalytic applications
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physica. B, Condensed matter. - : ELSEVIER. - 0921-4526 .- 1873-2135. ; 596
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- NiFe2O4, NiFe2O4/MWCNTs, CoFe2O4 and CoFe2O4/MWCNTs nanocomposites were synthesized via the hydrothermal method. XRD, FT-IR, SEM and TEM techniques have been used to investigate the structural properties. CoFe2O4/MWCNTs has a good morphology with small sizes compared to NiFe2O4/MWCNTs. UV-vis. DRS analysis showed that the nanocomposites have high absorbance of irradiation in the whole range of the wavelengths (200-900 nm). The optical energy gaps of the nanocomposites have been calculated. Using VSM technique, NiFe2O4 and NiFe2O4/MWCNTs exhibited super-paramagnetism at room temperature, while CoFe2O4 and CoFe2O4/MWCNTs exhibited ferromagnetism with saturation magnetization of 37.8, 25.5, 66.46 and 51.49 emu/g, respectively. The AC conductivity measurements for NiFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 NPs revealed an increase in conductivity with the addition of MWCNTs as well as the dielectric measurements. The structural and electrical properties of CoFe2O4/MWCNTs make it of potential for capacitive storage and optoelectronic devices. Promising magnetic-optical properties can be utilized for developing recyclable photocatalytic applications.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Sataøen, Hogne L., 1979-
(författare)
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Higher education as object for corporate and nation branding : between equality and flagships
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management. - Oxfordshire, United Kingdom : Routledge. - 1360-080X .- 1469-9508. ; 37:6, s. 702-717
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Branding has become an important issue within higher education. The use of core value statements and visions are expressions of this. To be a successful brand, organisations must also make sure they are different from others. However, in both the scholarly discourse and in political rhetoric, the Nordic model highlights equal access to education and opportunities for all. Values such as egalitarianism and diversity may be difficult to fit into a frame of reference where excellence is at the centre. Historically higher education has also been an important part of nation branding initiatives. This paper asks how different branding perspectives (corporate branding and nation branding) are matched and harmonised with respect to higher education in two Nordic countries. The study shows that there is a lack of harmonisation between nation branding and corporate branding, and that the discourse on excellence is not conducive to differentiation at the organisational level.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Evangelista, Gianpaolo, et al.
(författare)
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Real-Time and Efficient Algorithms for Frequency Warping Based on Local Approximations of Warping Operators
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proc. of Digital Audio Effects Conf. (DAFx `07). - France : DAFx. ; , s. 269-276
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Frequency warping is a modifier that acts on sound signals by remapping the frequency axis. Thus, the spectral content of the original sound is displaced to other frequencies. At the same time, the phase relationship among the signal components is altered, nonlinearly with respect to frequency. While this effect is interesting and has several applications, including in the synthesis by physical models, its use has been so far limited by the lack of an accurate and flexible real-time algorithm. In this paper we present methods for frequency warping that are based on local approximations of the warping operators and allow for real-time implementation. Filter bank structures are derived that allow for efficient realization of the approximate technique. An analysis of the error is also presented, which shows that both numerical and perceptual errors are within acceptable limits. Furthermore, the approximate implementation allows for a larger variety of warping maps than that achieved by the classical (non-causal) first-order allpass cascade implementation.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Maron, Julian, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational inequalities in psychoactive substance use : A question of conceptualization?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Addiction Research and Theory. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1058-6989 .- 1606-6359 .- 1476-7392. ; 24:3, s. 186-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Three different conceptualizations of occupational prestige were contrasted by applying social stratification to four exemplarily selected psychoactive substances. Although these conceptualizations partly measure the same construct, it is hypothesized that the gradient of occupational inequality differs depending on the type of conceptualization. Method: Data were taken from the 2012 German Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse. The study sample comprised n = 9084 individuals of the general population aged 18–64 years. Use and heavy use of cigarettes, alcohol, cannabis and analgesics were stratified by (a) employment status (six groups: employed, marginally employed, apprenticeship, unemployed, retired and other), (b) occupational status (five groups: low to high) and (c) occupational social class (two groups: blue-collar and white-collar). Absolute and relative differences between occupational groups were calculated. All analyses were stratified by gender. Results: Risk for smoking was increased amongst unemployed males and blue-collar workers. Retired persons, people with low occupational status and female blue-collar workers had a diminished risk for alcohol consumption; apprentices had an increased risk. Amongst males, low occupational status and blue-collar work was associated with episodic heavy drinking. Unemployment and blue-collar work was related to cannabis use. Risk for heavy analgesics use was increased amongst unemployed women, men with low occupational status and male blue-collar workers, respectively. Conclusions: The results suggest that occupational inequality differs depending on the applied conceptualizations of occupational prestige. Consequently, they should not be used interchangeably.
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| 23. |
- Smith, Göran
(författare)
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Flytande busskörfält - Litteraturstudie
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Snabbhet och tillförlitlighet har identifierats som två nyckelfaktorer för att öka kollektivtrafikens konkurrenskraft (Ipsos, 2013, Johansson et al., 2010). För bussar i linjetra- fik är dock både snabbhet och tillförlitlighet underordnat framkomligheten längs linjesträckningen. Bussarna kan aldrig prestera bättre än vad trafiksituationen tillåter. I syfte att komma runt problemet har olika varianter av dedikerade bussgator och busskörfält börjat bli allt vanligare. Införandet har visat sig vara en effektiv metod för att ga- rantera fri väg för bussen och därmed få upp hastigheten (Andersson & Gibrand, 2008). Den stora nackdelen är att vägens totala kapacitet sjunker drastiskt. Metoden kan därför bara användas om trafikflödet för övrig trafik är läg- re än vägens reducerade kapacitet; om det är möjligt att omdirigera övrig trafik; eller om det är möjligt att bygga ut vägen med ytterligare körfält. Ofta är inget av alternativen samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt. Ett potentiellt komplement till dedikerade bussgator och busskörfält är därför flytande busskörfält. Flytande busskörfält är körfält som endast är reserverade för bussar när bussarna behöver det och annars öppna för alla fordon att använda. Därmed kan de i många fall säkerställa bussarnas framkomlighet utan vare sig signifikant påverkan på vägens totala kapacitet eller behov av infrastruktursutbyggnad. Konceptet föreslogs första gången 1996 av Viegas och Lu (1996). Sedan dess har det utförts analytiska utvärderingar, simuleringsstudier och ett fälttest. En variant av konceptet finns även permanent applicerat för spårvagnar i Melbourne sedan 2001. Resultaten har genomgående visat på förbättrad restid och minskad restidsvariation, oftast utan betydande påverkan på övrig trafik.
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| 24. |
- Ademovski, Seida Erovic, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of periodontal therapy on intra-oral halitosis : a case series
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 43:5, s. 445-452
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy on intra-oral halitosis 3 months after therapy.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-eight adults with intra-oral halitosis were included in a case series. Intra-oral halitosis was evaluated at baseline, and at 3 months after treatment using the organoleptic scores (OLS), Halimeter® , and a gas chromatograph.RESULTS: Significant reductions for OLS (p < 0.01), total sum of volatile sulphur compounds (T-VSC) (p < 0.01) and methyl mercaptan (MM) (p < 0.05) values were found after treatment. Hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) levels were not significantly reduced. The numbers of probing pockets 4 mm, 5 mm and 6 mm were significantly reduced as a result of therapy (p < 0.001). Bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque indices were also significantly reduced (p < 0.001). For the 34 individuals with successful periodontal treatment (BOP<20% and a ≥50% reduction of total pocket depth) reductions in OLS (p < 0.01) and T-VSC scores (p < 0.01) were found. Eleven individuals were considered effectively treated for intra-oral halitosis presenting with a T-VSC value <160 ppb, a H2 S value <112 ppb and a MM value <26 ppb.CONCLUSION: Non-surgical periodontal therapy resulted in reduction of OLS, MM and T-VSC values 3 months after therapy. Few individuals were considered as effectively treated for intra-oral halitosis.
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| 25. |
- Dowling, Damian K., et al.
(författare)
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Evolutionary implications of non-neutral mitochondrial genetic variation
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Cell Press. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 23:10, s. 546-554
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sequence variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was traditionally considered to be selectively neutral. However, an accumulating body of evidence indicates that this assumption is invalid. Furthermore, recent advances indicate that mtDNA polymorphism can be maintained within populations via selection on the joint mitochondrial-nuclear genotype. Here, we review the latest findings that show mitochondrial and cytoplasmic genetic variation for life-history traits and fitness. We highlight the key importance of the mitochondrial-nuclear interaction as a unit of selection and discuss the consequences of mitochondrially encoded fitness effects on several key evolutionary processes. Our goal is to draw attention to the profound, yet neglected, influence of the mitochondrial genome on the fields of ecology and evolution.
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| 26. |
- Frauenfelder, Fritz, et al.
(författare)
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Documented Nursing Interventions in Inpatient Psychiatry
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Terminologies and Classifications. - : WILEY. - 2047-3087 .- 2047-3095. ; 29:1, s. 18-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: This study explored how well the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) covers adult inpatient psychiatric care.METHODS: By systematic analyses and a mapping approach, documented nursing interventions were assessed on concurrencies with the NIC.FINDINGS: From 2,153 intervention descriptions in nursing notes, 1,924 were recognizable as NIC interventions, and 229 did not match the NIC. 89.4% of all identified descriptions of interventions were recognizable as NIC interventions on the level of definition.CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the NIC describes adult inpatient psychiatric care to a large extent. Nevertheless, further development of the classification is important.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The study results provide a basis for further developing the NIC and to reinforce its use in inpatient psychiatric settings.
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| 27. |
- Stokoe, Elizabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Discursive approaches
- 2005. - 1
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Ingår i: Handbook of research methods in clinical and health psychology. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780198527565 ; , s. 161-174
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter introduces a method of qualitative analysis that focuses on exploring and explicating language in use. The discourse analytic approach discussed has developed within psychology over the past fifteen years and is called ‘discursive psychology’ (DP). The chapter outlines its origins and foundations, its theory and approach to language, its questions and topics of investigation, its methods of data collection and analysis and, for the current purposes, its utility for clinical and health psychologists.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Lossius, AH, et al.
(författare)
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Shifts in the Skin Microbiota after UVB Treatment in Adult Atopic Dermatitis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9832 .- 1018-8665. ; 238:1, s. 109-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Background:</i></b> The pathophysiology in atopic dermatitis (AD) is not fully understood, but immune dysfunction, skin barrier defects, and alterations of the skin microbiota are thought to play important roles. AD skin is frequently colonized with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) and microbial diversity on lesional skin (LS) is reduced compared to on healthy skin. Treatment with narrow-band ultraviolet B (nb-UVB) leads to clinical improvement of the eczema and reduced abundance of <i>S. aureus</i>. However, in-depth knowledge of the temporal dynamics of the skin microbiota in AD in response to nb-UVB treatment is lacking and could provide important clues to decipher whether the microbial changes are primary drivers of the disease, or secondary to the inflammatory process. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To map the temporal shifts in the microbiota of the skin, nose, and throat in adult AD patients after nb-UVB treatment. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Skin swabs were taken from lesional AD skin (<i>n</i> = 16) before and after 3 treatments of nb-UVB, and after 6–8 weeks of full-body treatment. We also obtained samples from non-lesional skin (NLS) and from the nose and throat. All samples were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We observed shifts towards higher diversity in the microbiota of lesional AD skin after 6–8 weeks of treatment, while the microbiota of NLS and of the nose/throat remained unchanged. After only 3 treatments with nb-UVB, there were no significant changes in the microbiota. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Nb-UVB induces changes in the skin microbiota towards higher diversity, but the microbiota of the nose and throat are not altered.
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| 31. |
- Hilletofth, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Role of logistics outsourcing on supply chain strategy and management : Survey findings from Northern Europe
- 2010
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Ingår i: Strategic Outsourcing. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1753-8297 .- 1753-8300. ; 3:1, s. 46-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of logistics outsourcing in Northern Europe through survey research. Research work intends to shed more light on logistics outsourcing with other than case-based company examples.Design/methodology/approach – Survey was completed during late 2007 and early 2008 in Finland and Sweden for the largest companies in industrial and service sectors. Altogether 34 answers were received, and they were gained mostly from industrial and trading companies.Findings – The research results show that warehousing, IT, and customs brokerage outsourcing could have impact on some managerial and strategic aspects of supply chains (SC). Thus, none of the identified difference areas was found to be statistically significant. Potential impact areas of SC strategy and management are integrated IT systems of manufacturing and logistics, reverse logistics procedures, and re-engineering of logistics processes. However, research shows that in-house produced IT function, and potentially outsourced warehousing, have important roles in more international purchasing.Research limitations/implications – Altogether, the amount of responses in the survey was relatively low, but treating Finnish and Swedish companies as one group gives us some opportunity for statistical analysis. This grouping might be one limiting factors of our study, and especially in its generalization power; however, our earlier analysis with the data shows that these countries operate in a rather similar interest area. Another limiting factor of our research findings is the difference in respondent profiles – operating principles of logistics and trade companies are different as compared to manufacturing.Practical implications – Research shows that IT is potentially having an important role in both, international purchasing emphasis as well as on warehousing outsourcing activities. Contrary to the common view, this research gives some indication that in-house IT is valuable, and more integrated applications are needed for example, when warehousing is being outsourced.Originality/value – This is one of the seminal research works regarding North European outsourcing practices, and their affects on SC strategies and management. Both of the countries have an advanced industrial sector, which gives perspective for the readers world wide.
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| 32. |
- Schulze, Steve, et al.
(författare)
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The Palomar Transient Factory Core-collapse Supernova Host-galaxy Sample. I. Host-galaxy Distribution Functions and Environment Dependence of Core-collapse Supernovae
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 255:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several thousand core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) of different flavors have been discovered so far. However, identifying their progenitors has remained an outstanding open question in astrophysics. Studies of SN host galaxies have proven to be powerful in providing constraints on the progenitor populations. In this paper, we present all CCSNe detected between 2009 and 2017 by the Palomar Transient Factory. This sample includes 888 SNe of 12 distinct classes out to redshift z approximate to 1. We present the photometric properties of their host galaxies from the far-ultraviolet to the mid-infrared and model the host-galaxy spectral energy distributions to derive physical properties. The galaxy mass function of Type Ic, Ib, IIb, II, and IIn SNe ranges from 10(5) to 10(11.5) M (circle dot), probing the entire mass range of star-forming galaxies down to the least-massive star-forming galaxies known. Moreover, the galaxy mass distributions are consistent with models of star-formation-weighted mass functions. Regular CCSNe are hence direct tracers of star formation. Small but notable differences exist between some of the SN classes. Type Ib/c SNe prefer galaxies with slightly higher masses (i.e., higher metallicities) and star formation rates than Type IIb and II SNe. These differences are less pronounced than previously thought. H-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) and SNe Ic-BL are scarce in galaxies above 10(10) M (circle dot). Their progenitors require environments with metallicities of < 0.4 and < 1 solar, respectively. In addition, the hosts of H-poor SLSNe are dominated by a younger stellar population than all other classes of CCSNe. Our findings corroborate the notion that low metallicity and young age play an important role in the formation of SLSN progenitors.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Drake, James Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental and theoretical studies of active control of resistive wall mode growth in the EXTRAP T2R reversed-field pinch
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 45:7, s. 557-564
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Active feedback control of resistive wall modes (RWMs) has been demonstrated in the EXTRAP T2R reversed-field pinch experiment. The control system includes a sensor consisting of an array of magnetic coils (measuring mode harmonics) and an actuator consisting of a saddle coil array (producing control harmonics). Closed-loop (feedback) experiments using a digital controller based on a real time Fourier transform of sensor data have been studied for cases where the feedback gain was constant and real for all harmonics (corresponding to an intelligent-shell) and cases where the feedback gain could be set for selected harmonics, with both real and complex values (targeted harmonics). The growth of the dominant RWMs can be reduced by feedback for both the intelligent-shell and targeted-harmonic control systems. Because the number of toroidal positions of the saddle coils in the array is half the number of the sensors, it is predicted and observed experimentally that the control harmonic spectrum has sidebands. Individual unstable harmonics can be controlled with real gains. However if there are two unstable mode harmonics coupled by the sideband effect, control is much less effective with real gains. According to the theory, complex gains give better results for (slowly) rotating RWMs, and experiments support this prediction. In addition, open loop experiments have been used to observe the effects of resonant field errors applied to unstable, marginally stable and robustly stable modes. The observed effects of field errors are consistent with the thin-wall model, where mode growth is proportional to the resonant field error amplitude and the wall penetration time for that mode harmonic.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Nijhuis, H.H., et al.
(författare)
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Research needs and opportunities in the dry conservation of fruits and vegetables
- 1996
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Ingår i: Drying Technology. - 0737-3937 .- 1532-2300. ; 14:6, s. 1429-1457
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The consumer demand for healthy convenience meals with 'near fresh' properties challenges researchers and industry to develop new or improved conservation procedures for food products. However, this recent food trend towards fresh image on one side and convenience on the other side often conflict. In most cases the fresh quality is negatively affected by the processing procedure. Therefore nowadays efforts are focussed on extending the shelf life of fresh products. However, sophisticated energy demanding facilities are required for storage and transporation, whereas the use of ecologically unsound cooling agents is a major drawback. The development of a dehydration process on the basis of electromagnetic energy (EME) may bring about a major breakthrough with respect to the retention of product quality and improved rehydration characteristics. Due to the tenfold weight reduction established in the dehydration process transport and storage costs are minimised thus reducing energy consumption. In comparison with fresh and frozen products minimal storage facilities are required. The strategy of a consortium of five EC-research centres and two dutch drying companies is to combine and fine tune hot air drying (low processing costs) and EME-drying (quality retention) into a hybrid process, to compare the performance with conventional methods and to include packaging and storage effects. Optimisation of the rewettability is one of the major concerns since food materials with near fresh properties can only be obtained from dry material if rehydration characteristics are excellent. To establish such dried fruits and vegetables will be considered as blends of polymeric materials. Many quality deterioration mechanisms can be attributed to the mobility of the polymeric matrix and the diffusion of water. Properties thus depend on the composition, the physical properties of the polymers (mobility) and the overall structure of the dried material. This approach in which process conditions in the dehydration of food materials are linked to a broad range of relevant macroscopic as well as microscopic data is highly innovative and will provide important scientific information. The process-quality relationships are a solid basis to optimize both existing and novel dehydration methods.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Alexander, S, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal health outcomes in Europe.
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Obstet & Gynecol and Repro. Biol.. ; 111, s. 78-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 41. |
- Katic, Janko, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Dead Time Losses in Energy Harvesting Boost Converters for Implantable Biosensors
- 2014
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Ingår i: NORCHIP, 2014. - : IEEE conference proceedings. ; , s. 1-4
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Efficiency of an ultra-low power energy harvesting dc-dc converter depends on its losses and the power consumption of the control circuit. Unlike other loss mechanisms, losses related to dead times have not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, in most cases these losses are not adequately suppressed. This paper investigates dead time losses and their impact on the overall system efficiency. Simple expressions for fast estimation of dead time losses are derived. Analysis shows that in many applications where high voltage conversions are required, such as implantable biosensors, the efficiency reduction due to these losses can easily exceed 2%. The analysis is validated using an adaptive dead time circuit which minimizes the associated losses and improves the overall system efficiency according to the calculated values.
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| 42. |
- Menichetti, Lorenzo
(författare)
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Improving our understanding of carbon cycling in agroecosystems by studying δ¹³C signatures in soil carbon stocks and fluxes : results from a Swedish long-term field experiment
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Soil carbon (C) storage has gained much attention in the past decade due to its potentially huge impact on climate change mechanisms. Particular focus has been paid to possible feedback mechanisms, whether soil can be considered a sink or source of C and how soils can be managed in order to mitigate climate change. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the contribution of different C sources to soil organic carbon (SOC) formation, particularly in the subsoil. As the subsoil can store approximately as much C as the topsoil, such information is crucial. In a series of studies described in this thesis, data from the Ultuna long-term field experiment established in 1956 were used to study the effects of different organic amendments and mineral fertilizers, which were found to have influenced topsoil and subsoil in several ways. Cultivation of maize, a C₄ crop, began in the experiment in 2000, but prior to that only C₃ crops were grown. By exploiting the natural difference in C isotopic signature between the metabolisms in these two plant types, the role of these two sources in soil organic matter turnover could be quantified. The isotopic composition of C fluxes and stocks in the Ultuna experiment revealed the contribution of different sources to different C pools. Old (>10 years) SOC resulted contributing as much as young (<10 years) SOC to soil respiration. A set of soil respiration measurements with a cavity-ring-down spectrometer directly in the field at different times over the growing season allowed the relative contributions of autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration to be determined. Another set of measurements on soil samples from 0 to 50 cm depth was used to estimate the contribution of different SOC sources within the profile, finding a high contribution of root-derived C on total SOC in the topsoil and upper subsoil. By utilizing the topsoil C isotope and SOC data the root humification coefficient with two different methods could be calculated, suggesting that contribution of root-derived C on total SOC is often underestimated. The measured changes in the δ¹³SOC signature over the years in European bare fallow plots receiving virtually no C input during several decades allowed the natural δ¹³C enrichment occurring in SOC to be measured and modelled. The results validated those of the natural abundance-based techniques over the mid- to short-term. The natural δ¹³SOC enrichment was modelled by calibrating a Rayleigh distillation function. The enrichment kinetic resulted similar in all the sites, and the general calibration could be extended to other studies. This thesis studied the C cycle in a managed long-term field experiment from several perspectives and across different scales, so providing valuable information of potentially high importance for understanding the general dynamics of C in soil. During the 53 years of the Ultuna long-term field experiment, significant differences between the treatments have developed, with clear C accumulation or depletion in soil to 35 cm depth. Thus, SOC changes below ploughing depth should be considered in SOC balance studies and as a viable C sequestration strategy.
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| 43. |
- Nijhuis, Arnold W. G., et al.
(författare)
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Rapid Screening of Mineralization Capacity of Biomaterials by Means of Quantification of Enzymatically Deposited Calcium Phosphate
- 2014
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Ingår i: Tissue Engineering. Part C, Methods. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1937-3384 .- 1937-3392. ; 20:10, s. 838-850
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study focused on the development of a rapid, straightforward quantification method based on the use of enzymatic decomposition of urea using urease to assess the mineralization capacity of a wide range of biomaterials for bone regeneration. Urea-containing mineralizing solutions (MSs) (containing: Na2HPO4, CaCl2, and NaCl at 37 degrees C and pH 6.0) were used in the mineralization experiments. Urease was added to these solutions to induce enzymatic decomposition of urea resulting in increased pH and deposition of calcium phosphate. By optimizing the ionic and urease concentrations in these MSs, it was shown that the proposed system could mineralize titanium substrates with six different pretreatments, as opposed to normal simulated body fluid that mineralized only two of them. It was possible to rank the mineralization capacity of these substrates by measuring the amount of calcium deposited. Furthermore, the ranking of (i) various polymeric substrates and (ii) hydrogels with and without functionalization with calcium-binding bisphosphonate groups was also possible. These results confirm that the proposed testing system has a broad applicability in the field of biomaterials due to its inherent versatility and discriminative power.
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| 44. |
- Bentley, E, et al.
(författare)
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Biosynthetic Corneal Substitute Implantation in Dogs
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cornea. - : LWW. - 0277-3740 .- 1536-4798. ; 29:8, s. 910-916
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To assess integration of a biosynthetic corneal implant in dogs. Methods: Three normal adult laboratory Beagles underwent ophthalmic examinations, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, applanation tonometry, and Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometry. Biosynthetic corneas fabricated from glutaraldehyde crosslinked collagen and copolymers of collagen and poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid-co-acryloxysuccinimide, denoted as TERP) were implanted into dogs by a modified epikeratoplasty technique. Ophthalmic examinations and aesthesiometry were performed daily for 5 days and then weekly thereafter for 16 weeks. Corneal samples underwent histopathological and transmission electron microscopy examination at 16 weeks. Results: Implants were epithelialized by 7 days. Intraocular pressure was within normal range throughout the study. Aesthesiometry values dropped from an average of 3.67 cm preoperatively to less than 1 mm for all dogs for the first postoperative weeks. By week 16, the average Cochet-Bonnet value was 1.67 cm, demonstrating partial recovery of functional innervation of the implant. No inflammation or rejection of the implant occurred, and minimal haze formation was noted. Light microscopy revealed thickened but normal epithelium over the implant with fibroblast migration into the scaffold. On transmission electron microscopy, the basement membrane was irregular but present and adhesion complexes were noted. Conclusion: Biosynthetic corneal implantation is well tolerated in dogs, and the collagen-polymer hybrid construct holds promise for clinical application in animals and humans.
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| 45. |
- Davies, Ronnie, et al.
(författare)
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A New General Pathway for Synthesis of Reference Compounds of N-Terminal Valine-Isocyanate Adducts
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Chemical Research in Toxicology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0893-228X .- 1520-5010. ; 23:3, s. 540-546
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adducts to Hb could be used as biomarkers to monitor exposure to isocyanates. Particularly useful is the measurement of carbamoylation of N-terminal valines in Hb, after detachment as hydantoins. The synthesis of references from the reactive isocyanates, especially diisocyanates, has been problematic due to side reactions and polymerization of the isocyanate starting material. A simpler, safer, and more general method for the synthesis of valine adducts of isocyanates has been developed using N-[(4-nitrophenyl)-carbamate]valine methylamide (NPCVMA) as the key precursor to adducts of various mono- and diisocyanates of interest. By reacting NPCVMA with a range of isocyanate-related amines, carbamoylated valines are formed without the use of the reactive isocyanates. The carbamoylated products synthesized here were cyclized with good yields of the formed hydantoins. The carbamoylated derivative from phenyl isocyanate also showed quantitative yield in a test with cyclization tinder the conditions used in blood. This new pathway for the preparation of N-carbamoylated model compounds overcomes the above-mentioned problems in the synthesis and is a general and simplified approach, which could make such reference compounds of adducts to N-terminal valine from isocyanates accessible for biomonitoring purposes. The synthesized hydantoins corresponding to adducts from isocyanic acid, methyl isocyanate, phenyl isocyanate, and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate were characterized by LC-MS analysis. The background level of the hydantoin from isocyanic acid in human blood was analyzed with the LC-MS conditions developed.
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| 46. |
- Kurfali, Murathan, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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A Multi-Word Expression Dataset for Swedish
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2020). - Marseille : European Language Resources Association (ELRA). ; , s. 4402-4409
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a new set of 96 Swedish multi-word expressions annotated with degree of (non-)compositionality. In contrast to most previous compositionality datasets we also consider syntactically complex constructions and publish a formal specification of each expression. This allows evaluation of computational models beyond word bigrams, which have so far been the norm. Finally, we use the annotations to evaluate a system for automatic compositionality estimation based on distributional semantics. Our analysis of the disagreements between human annotators and the distributional model reveal interesting questions related to the perception of compositionality, and should be informative to future work in the area.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Pezzagno, Michèle, et al.
(författare)
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Proposals of intergrations to the italian road regulation cycle mobility : Learning from foreign best practices
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference Road Safety on Four Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The use of bicycles in Italy is still poor and the main cause of this phenomenon is certainly relating to a general lack of safety in cycling. In the last decade the trend of road accidents and victims is generally decreasing, but, at the same time, the number of cyclists involved in road accidents increased by 24,5%. The causes of this high accident rate is mainly relating to a lack of national legislation or to standards which are old, often overlapped to regional guidelines, uneven, confusing and in some case also contradictory.In terms of cycle network planning, it should be reminded that in Italy there is no regulation that establishes the criteria for a functional classification of bicycle paths. As a consequence, the infrastructure geometry and facilities (bicycle parking, places of refreshments, cycle repair shops, etc.) are not properly put in relation to the role played by the cycle path in the territory.In the course of time, we assisted to the realization of isolated cycle path trunks, generally out of a planning strategy and characterized by their own geometry. Therefore, taking also inspiration by the standards developed in other European countries, this research tries to provide guidelines for pre-normative functional classification of cycle paths, for their design and planning, in order to obtain safe and homogeneous cycling routes in Italy.It should be noted that the technical solutions, devices and traffic regulations, adopted in other countries, are very effective for a safe cycle mobility, but need to be revised in relation to the existing Italian law.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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