| 1. |
- Actis, M., et al.
(author)
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Design concepts for the Cherenkov Telescope Array CTA : an advanced facility for ground-based high-energy gamma-ray astronomy
- 2011
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In: Experimental astronomy. - : Springer. - 0922-6435 .- 1572-9508. ; 32:3, s. 193-316
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has had a major breakthrough with the impressive results obtained using systems of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has a huge potential in astrophysics, particle physics and cosmology. CTA is an international initiative to build the next generation instrument, with a factor of 5-10 improvement in sensitivity in the 100 GeV-10 TeV range and the extension to energies well below 100 GeV and above 100 TeV. CTA will consist of two arrays (one in the north, one in the south) for full sky coverage and will be operated as open observatory. The design of CTA is based on currently available technology. This document reports on the status and presents the major design concepts of CTA.
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| 2. |
- Lennon, J. T., et al.
(author)
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Priorities, opportunities, and challenges for integrating microorganisms into Earth system models for climate change prediction
- 2024
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In: mBio. - 2161-2129 .- 2150-7511.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Climate change jeopardizes human health, global biodiversity, and sustainability of the biosphere. To make reliable predictions about climate change, scientists use Earth system models (ESMs) that integrate physical, chemical, and biological processes occurring on land, the oceans, and the atmosphere. Although critical for catalyzing coupled biogeochemical processes, microorganisms have traditionally been left out of ESMs. Here, we generate a "top 10" list of priorities, opportunities, and challenges for the explicit integration of microorganisms into ESMs. We discuss the need for coarse-graining microbial information into functionally relevant categories, as well as the capacity for microorganisms to rapidly evolve in response to climate-change drivers. Microbiologists are uniquely positioned to collect novel and valuable information necessary for next-generation ESMs, but this requires data harmonization and transdisciplinary collaboration to effectively guide adaptation strategies and mitigation policy.
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| 3. |
- Murray, Alison E., et al.
(author)
-
Roadmap for naming uncultivated Archaea and Bacteria
- 2020
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In: Nature Microbiology. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2058-5276. ; 5:8, s. 987-994
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The assembly of single-amplified genomes (SAGs) and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) has led to a surge in genome-based discoveries of members affiliated with Archaea and Bacteria, bringing with it a need to develop guidelines for nomenclature of uncultivated microorganisms. The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) only recognizes cultures as 'type material', thereby preventing the naming of uncultivated organisms. In this Consensus Statement, we propose two potential paths to solve this nomenclatural conundrum. One option is the adoption of previously proposed modifications to the ICNP to recognize DNA sequences as acceptable type material; the other option creates a nomenclatural code for uncultivated Archaea and Bacteria that could eventually be merged with the ICNP in the future. Regardless of the path taken, we believe that action is needed now within the scientific community to develop consistent rules for nomenclature of uncultivated taxa in order to provide clarity and stability, and to effectively communicate microbial diversity. In this Consensus Statement, the authors discuss the issue of naming uncultivated prokaryotic microorganisms, which currently do not have a formal nomenclature system due to a lack of type material or cultured representatives, and propose two recommendations including the recognition of DNA sequences as type material.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- DeAngelis, Nicola, et al.
(author)
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2020 WSES guidelines for the detection and management of bile duct injury during cholecystectomy
- 2021
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In: World Journal of Emergency Surgery. - : BMC. - 1749-7922. ; 16:1
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bile duct injury (BDI) is a dangerous complication of cholecystectomy, with significant postoperative sequelae for the patient in terms of morbidity, mortality, and long-term quality of life. BDIs have an estimated incidence of 0.4-1.5%, but considering the number of cholecystectomies performed worldwide, mostly by laparoscopy, surgeons must be prepared to manage this surgical challenge. Most BDIs are recognized either during the procedure or in the immediate postoperative period. However, some BDIs may be discovered later during the postoperative period, and this may translate to delayed or inappropriate treatments. Providing a specific diagnosis and a precise description of the BDI will expedite the decision-making process and increase the chance of treatment success. Subsequently, the choice and timing of the appropriate reconstructive strategy have a critical role in long-term prognosis. Currently, a wide spectrum of multidisciplinary interventions with different degrees of invasiveness is indicated for BDI management. These World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines have been produced following an exhaustive review of the current literature and an international expert panel discussion with the aim of providing evidence-based recommendations to facilitate and standardize the detection and management of BDIs during cholecystectomy. In particular, the 2020 WSES guidelines cover the following key aspects: (1) strategies to minimize the risk of BDI during cholecystectomy; (2) BDI rates in general surgery units and review of surgical practice; (3) how to classify, stage, and report BDI once detected; (4) how to manage an intraoperatively detected BDI; (5) indications for antibiotic treatment; (6) indications for clinical, biochemical, and imaging investigations for suspected BDI; and (7) how to manage a postoperatively detected BDI.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Gorska, M, et al.
(author)
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Cd-98(48)50 : The two-proton-hole spectrum in Sn-100(50)50
- 1997
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In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 79:13, s. 2415-2418
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Excited states in Cd-98, two proton holes from Sn-100, were identified and studied for the first time, using in-beam spectroscopy with highly selective ancillary detectors. The structure of the (pi g(9/2))(-2) two-proton-hole spectrum below a T-1/2 = 0.48(16) mu s isomer is deduced and compared to shell-model predictions. A tentative I-pi = (8(+)) assignment, as suggested by systematics, yields a strongly reduced B(E2,8(+) --> 6(+)) = 0.44((+20)(-10)) W.u., corresponding to an effective proton charge of e(pi) = 0.85((+20)(-10))e, which is at variance with existing theoretical predictions.
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| 8. |
- Gorska, M, et al.
(author)
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Cd-98(48)50: The two-proton-hole spectrum in Sn-100(50)50
- 1997
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In: PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0031-9007. ; 79:13, s. 2415-2418
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Excited states in Cd-98, two proton holes from Sn-100, were identified and studied for the first time, using in-beam spectroscopy with highly selective ancillary detectors. The structure of the (pi g(9/2))(-2) two-proton-hole spectrum below a T-1/2 = 0.48
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| 9. |
- Gorska, M, et al.
(author)
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Spectroscopy of the T-z=1 nuclei close to Sn-100
- 1997
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In: Acta Physica Polonica B. - 0587-4254 .- 1509-5770. ; 28:1-2, s. 303-307
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The two nuclei Cd-98 and Sn-102, closest neighbours of Sn-100, have been studied with a recoil catcher setup, following the reactions: Ni-58(Ti-46, alpha 2n)Cd-98 and Ni-58(Cr-50, alpha 2n)Sn-102. Long lived isomeric states were measured in Cd-98 I-pi = (8+), t(1/2) = 0.48(8) mu s and in Sn-102 I-pi = (6(+)) with t(1/2) = 1.0(6) mu s. The proposed experimental level schemes of the isomeric decay are presented and compared to the shell model predictions.
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| 10. |
- Gorska, M, et al.
(author)
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Spectroscopy of the T-z=1 nuclei close to Sn-100
- 1997
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In: ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B. - : ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS. - 0587-4254. ; 28:1-2, s. 303-307
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The two nuclei Cd-98 and Sn-102, closest neighbours of Sn-100, have been studied with a recoil catcher setup, following the reactions: Ni-58(Ti-46, alpha 2n)Cd-98 and Ni-58(Cr-50, alpha 2n)Sn-102. Long lived isomeric states were measured in Cd-98 I-pi = (
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| 11. |
- Palacz, M, et al.
(author)
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In-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy of Cd-101
- 1996
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In: NUCLEAR PHYSICS A. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0375-9474. ; 608:2, s. 227-242
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Excited states of Cd-101 were studied in the reaction Ni-58(Cr-50,2p alpha n)Cd-101. The NORDBALL array with a Neutron Wall and a Silicon Ball was employed for the detection of gamma-rays and evaporated particles, The level scheme of Cd-101 was significan
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| 12. |
- Palacz, M, et al.
(author)
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In-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy of Cd-103
- 1997
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In: NUCLEAR PHYSICS A. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0375-9474. ; 624:2, s. 210-224
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Excited states of Cd-103 were studied in the reaction Ni-58(Cr-50,4pn)Cd-103. The NORDBALL array with neutron and charged particle detectors was employed for the detection of gamma rays and light evaporated particles. The level scheme of Cd-103 was signif
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| 13. |
- Palacz, M, et al.
(author)
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In beam gamma-ray spectroscopy of very neutron deficient odd-cadmium isotopes
- 1997
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In: Acta Physica Polonica B. - : ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS. - 0587-4254 .- 1509-5770. ; 28:1-2, s. 309-313
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Excited states in the very neutron deficient odd cadmium isotopes Cd-99, Cd-101 and Cd-103 are discussed in terms of the nuclear shell model. Systematics of excited states in Cd99-109 is presented.
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| 14. |
- Cederkall, J, et al.
(author)
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First evidence for excited states in In-101
- 1996
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In: PHYSICAL REVIEW C-NUCLEAR PHYSICS. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0556-2813. ; 53:4, s. 1955-1958
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The first evidence for excited states in In-101 is presented. In-101 is the lightest In isotope observed in an in-beam experiment. Two gamma-ray transitions at 1309 and 341 keV, respectively, are strong candidates for a cascade to the ground state in this
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Hawkes, N. C., et al.
(author)
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Observation of zero current density in the core of JET discharges with lower hybrid heating and current drive
- 2001
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In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 8711:11, s. art. no.-115001
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Simultaneous current ramping and application of lower hybrid heating and current drive (LHCD) have produced a region with zero current density within measurement errors in the core (r/a less than or equal to 0.2) of JET tokamak optimized shear discharges. The reduction of core current density is consistent with a simple physical explanation and numerical simulations of radial current diffusion including the effects of LHCD. However, the core current density is clamped at zero, indicating the existence of a physical mechanism which prevents it from becoming negative.
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| 18. |
- Hawkes, N. C., et al.
(author)
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The formation and evolution of extreme shear reversal in JET and its influence on local thermal transport
- 2002
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In: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0741-3335 .- 1361-6587. ; 44:7, s. 1105-1125
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In JET discharges where lower hybrid heating and current drive (LHCD) is applied early during the current ramp, a region of the plasma with zero current density is formed near the axis. At the boundary of this region the current density is large and B-theta increases rapidly over a small distance. In the central region the safety factor, q, is effectively infinite, but this falls steeply in the boundary region. Outside the boundary region q reaches a minimum, where the magnetic shears equivalent to r/q (dq/dr) becomes zero. The formation of this region of zero current is dependent on both the heating and the current drive effects of the LHCD. When LHCD is switched off the current profile begins to relax towards the resistive peaked current distribution of fully inductive tokamak operation. If LHCD is not used in the current rise then these current profiles are not established. Although the physical mechanism exists to drive the central plasma current below zero, in most cases it appears to be prevented from going negative. At least one MHD mechanism has been identified which could be responsible for this. The presence of the zero central current is closely linked to the periodic relaxation events seen in these discharges. In these discharges, internal transport barriers have been observed with additional heating powers substantially below the values required to obtain barriers in monotonic q profile cases.
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| 19. |
- Lipoglavsek, M, et al.
(author)
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In-beam study of Sn-102
- 1996
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In: ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK A-HADRONS AND NUCLEI. - : SPRINGER VERLAG. - 0939-7922. ; 356:3, s. 239-240
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Excited states in Sn-102 have been identified for the first time, in an in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopic experiment. Two gamma-ray transitions with energies 1472 and 497 keV following the decay of the seniority 6(+) isomer with t(1/2) = 1.0(5) mu s were un
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| 20. |
- Lipoglavsek, M, et al.
(author)
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Stability of Sn-100(50)50 deduced from excited states in Cd-99(48)51 stability of
- 1996
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In: PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0031-9007. ; 76:6, s. 888-891
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Excited states of neutron deficient nuclei close to Sn-100 were investigated in an in-beam spectroscopic experiment using the NORDBALL detector array. Excited states in Cd-99 were identified for the first time. The measured half-life of an isomeric state
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| 21. |
- Mooij, Wolf M., et al.
(author)
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Serving many at once : How a database approach can create unity in dynamical ecosystem modelling
- 2014
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In: Environmental Modelling & Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-8152 .- 1873-6726. ; 61, s. 266-273
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Simulation modelling in ecology is a field that is becoming increasingly compartmentalized. Here we propose a Database Approach To Modelling (DATM) to create unity in dynamical ecosystem modelling with differential equations. In this approach the storage of ecological knowledge is independent of the language and platform in which the model will be run. To create an instance of the model, the information in the database is translated and augmented with the language and platform specifics. This process is automated so that a new instance can be created each time the database is updated. We describe the approach using the simple Lotka-Volterra model and the complex ecosystem model for shallow lakes PCLake, which we automatically implement in the frameworks OSIRIS, GRIND for MATLAB, ACSL, R, DUFLOW and DELWAQ. A clear advantage of working in a database is the overview it provides. The simplicity of the approach only adds to its elegance.
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| 22. |
- Persson, J, et al.
(author)
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New spectroscopic data on Cd-102
- 1996
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In: Acta Physica Polonica B. - : POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS. - 0587-4254 .- 1509-5770. ; 27:1-2, s. 171-178
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gamma ray spectroscopy of neutron deficient nuclei close to the doubly magic nucleus Sn-100 has been performed using a heavy-ion reaction and the NORDBALL Ge-detector array. Evaporation residues were identified by means of charged particle and neutron detection. Transitions in 31 different evaporation residues were identified. New results on Cd-102 are presented.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Sohler, D, et al.
(author)
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Spectroscopy of neutron deficient Ge-65
- 1997
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In: Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0939-7922 .- 1431-5831. ; 357:3, s. 239-240
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Excited states of 65Ge were populated via the 12C + 58Ni (261 MeV) reaction using the NORDBALL detector array equipped with charged-particle and neutron detector systems for reaction channel separation. On the basis of γγ-coincidence relations and angular distribution ratios a significantly extended level scheme was constructed up to E x = 9 MeV and J π = (33/2−). The low-energy states of the nucleus are discussed in the framework of the interacting boson-fermion model.
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