| 1. |
- Delsing, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
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Enabling IoT automation using local clouds
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Computer Society Digital Library. - 9781509041305 ; , s. 501-507
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various forms of cloud computing principles and technologies are becoming important recently. This paper ad- dresses cloud computing for automation and control applications. It’s argued that the open Internet cloud idea has such limitations that its not appropriate for automation.Since automation is physically and geographically local, it is inevitable to introduce the concept of local automation clouds. It’s here proposed that local automation clouds should be self contained an be able to execute the intended automation func- tionalities without any external resources. Thus providing a fence at the rim of the local cloud preventing any inbound or outbound communication. Such a local cloud provides possibilities to address key requirements of both todays and future automation solutions. Adding mechanisms for secure inter-cloud administra- tion and data tranfere enables local automation cloud to meet IoT automation system requirements as: 1) Interoperability of a wide range of IoT and legacy devices 2) Automation requirement on latency guarantee/prediction for communication and control computations. 3) Scalability of automation systems enabling very large integrated automation systems 4) Security and related safety of automation systems 5) Ease of application engineering 6) Multi stakeholder integration and operations agility.How these requirements can be met in such a local automation cloud is discussed with references to proposed solutions. The local automation cloud concept is further verified for a compartment climate control application. The control application included an IoT controller, four IoT sensors and actuators, and a physical layer communication gateway. The gateway acted as host for local cloud core functionalities. The climate control application has successfully been implemented using the open source Arrowhead Framework and its supports for design and implementation of self contained local automation clouds.
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| 2. |
- Derhamy, Hasan, et al.
(författare)
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Orchestration of Arrowhead services using IEC 61499 : Distributed Automation Case Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 2016 IEEE 20th International Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA 2016). - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781467379298
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a novel approach to automationof flexible manufacturing systems with mechatronic intelligenceand distributed control. The mechatronic intelligence layer isimplemented using a combination of wireless sensor/actuatornetworks with service-oriented architecture, where services arelocated at the device level, as well as in local and global Cloudsfollowing the Arrowhead framework.The machine/floor level coordination is implemented using thedistributed automation architecture of IEC 61499, which is alsoused as a graphical tool for orchestration of services.The paper discusses the enablers developed in-order to combineIEC 61499 and Arrowhead and the use is illustrated ona laboratory scale flexible factory example. By integration ofIndustrial IoT with IEC 61499, we envision that large gains interms of engineering effort and system operation performancecan be made.
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| 3. |
- Derhamy, Hasan
(författare)
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Towards Interoperable Industrial Internet of Things : An On-Demand Multi-Protocol Translator Service
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is the result of the intersection between advancements in technology and the demand for more efficient and sustainable industry. Technology has provided a means for a large and heterogeneous collection of networks, devices, developers, owners, users and other stakeholders. From this there is a clear need for highly interoperable and independently developed systems. Interoperability is a communication challenge which affects all layers in a system. Communication protocols such as HTTP, CoAP, XMPP, OPC-UA and MQTT are above the network layer and below a semantic layer. This challenge includes overcoming interaction pattern differences, such as session and session-less protocols or publish/subscribe and request/response protocols. Common interoperability methods look at utilizing, a) middleware, such as in-system adapters and protocol gateways or b) restricting protocols to one or two possibilities. However, these solutions do not fit IIoT well as they are costly to adapt as the protocol landscape evolves, are intrusive to design or increase development costs. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) has been identified as having a great potential for integrating independent systems. When applied to industrial contexts, SOA late-binding and service composition offers opportunities for enhancing interoperability. However, SOA-based service contracts still require complete agreement between provider and consumer in order to exchange service. In this thesis an approach toward interoperability is proposed which leverages SOA principles and a multi-protocol translator. The proposed approach is first contextualized with a set of requirements pulled from existing literature and from application domain requirements. The thesis asks the question; how can late-binding and service composition be used to support a multi-protocol network of systems? The result, a new approach of a secure, on-demand and transparent protocol translator, is proposed. Conceptually satisfying the requirements defined, the design is backed up with empirical testing on usability and latency of the solution. The proposed solution differs from middleware in that, it is a participant (alongside the application system), it is on-demand (only used when needed), it is not intrusive (no design time dependencies) and it operates transparently (to application systems). A complete interoperability solution is deemed as future work, which could extend to full security, general encoding and semantic interoperability.
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| 4. |
- van Deventer, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Service Oriented Architecture Enabling the 4rh Generation of District Heating
- 2016
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Ingår i: The 15th International Symposium on District Heating and CoolingSeptember 4-7, 2016, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 4th Generation of District Heating (4GDH) is a complex agglomeration of heat providers, distributors, and consumers that must be automatically, continuously managed and coordinated. It is a complex system of systems; a definition which we align to Maier’s architecting principles for systems-of-systems as collaborative systems. Wrapped in the idea of system of systems is the reality that the 4GDH systems’ descriptions and specifications are not currently all known. Nonetheless, the transition into the 4GDH is actual. We propose the use of two frameworks to secure a smooth metamorphosis and assure systems’ operation, maintenance, and evolution. The two frameworks are the Arrowhead Framework and the OPTi Framework. The first one enables system integration through Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and the second one offers the overall system optimization with respect to all stakeholders. This paper uses the Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) tool SysML to model a district heating complex’s structures and behaviors from the concept level down to the sensors and actuators within a district heating substation where we apply the SOA technology based on the open Arrowhead Framework. We focus on the Arrowhead Framework’s core services, i.e. Service Registry, Authorization and Orchestration to clearly describe the interactions between the different service providers and consumers. Going back up from the sensors to the systems, it is clear that SOA is the architecture that will empower the 4GDH.
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