| 1. |
- Voskuil, D W, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing the human intake of heterocyclic amines : Limited loss of information using reduced sets of questions
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 8:9, s. 809-814
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate loss of information from a reduced food frequency questionnaire as compared with an extensive reference method developed to assess the intake of heterocyclic amines (HCAs), Food frequency data were linked to concentrations of HCAs in cooked foods to estimate the individual daily exposure to a combination of five HCAs. The number of food items in the questionnaire was reduced and selected in three ways: (a) according to the contribution to the estimated total intake; (b) the between-person variance; or (c) dishes included in other studies. The effect on sensitivity, specificity, concordance, the correlation coefficient, kappa, and simulated relative risks was determined using information from a population-based study conducted in Stockholm. Only a limited amount of misclassification was introduced when the number of dishes was reduced from 39 to 15 or 20, and no major difference was seen when dishes were selected according to the total intake or the between-person variance. Our data indicate that for a specific exposure, such as HCAs, the loss of accuracy in an analytical epidemiological study is small and may not be relevant when the number of dishes in a food frequency questionnaire is decreased, if the initially chosen dishes are carefully selected and cover a reasonable part of the total intake or between-person variance.
|
|
| 2. |
- Augustsson, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
-
Dietary heterocyclic amines and cancer of the colon, rectum, bladder, and kidney : a population-based study
- 1999
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 353:9154, s. 703-707
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Heterocyclic amines formed in cooked meat and fish are carcinogenic in animal models and form DNA adducts in human beings. We undertook a study to assess whether these substances are related to the risks of cancer in the large bowel and urinary tract. Methods In a population-based case-control study, cases were identified from the Swedish cancer registry. Controls were randomly selected from the population register. Information on intake of various foods and was assessed by questionnaire, with photographs of foods cooked at various temperatures. We measured the content of heterocyclic amines in foods cooked under these conditions. Findings Information was retrieved from 553 controls, 352 cases of colon cancer, 249 cases of rectal cancer, 273 cases of bladder cancer, and 138 cases of kidney cancer. The response rate was 80% for controls and 70% for cases. The estimated daily median intake of heterocyclic amines was 77 ng for controls, and 66 ng, 63 ng, 96 ng, and 84 ng for cases with cancer of the colon, rectum, bladder, and kidney, respectively. The relative risk for the intake of heterocyclic amines (highest vs lowest quintile) was 0.6 (95% CI 0.4-1.0) for colon cancer, 0.7 (0.4-1.1) for rectal cancer, 1.2 (0.7-2.1) for bladder cancer, and 1.0 (0.5-1.9) for kidney cancer. Seven cases, but no controls, had an estimated daily intake of heterocyclic amines above 1900 ng. Interpretation Intake of heterocyclic amines, within the usual dietary range in this study population, is unlikely to increase the incidence of cancer in the colon, rectum, bladder, or kidney. For daily intakes above 1900 ng, our data are consistent with human carcinogenicity, but the precision was extremely low.
|
|
