| 1. |
- Domellöf, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Improved fine motor performance in children born preterm : a longitudinal study of upper-limb kinematics from 4 to 8 years
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction:Although children born preterm (PT) are at known risk for impaired neuromotor development, longitudinal studies using detailed measurements of motor performance are rare. This study investigated developmental changes in goal-directed upper-limb kinematics from 4-8 years old in a sample of children born fullterm (FT) and PT without known developmental disabilities.Participants and Methods:3D kinematic recordings of performance with either arm/hand during a goal-directed unimanual precision task were carried out at 4 and 8 years in 37 children (13 very PT, V-PT, < 32 GW; 5 moderately PT, M-PT, 33-35 GW; 19 FT).Results:Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant main effects for group and occasion, and interaction effects between group and occasion, for distal movement duration (p < .0001) and segmentation in terms of movement units (MUs, p < .0001). From initially having displayed less proficient movement organization at 4 years than both children born FT and M-PT, the children born V-PT showed a marked catch-up at 8 years, where no significant group differences remained. The mean between-occasion difference was substantial for both duration and segmentation in V-PT relative the other groups, although with noticeably higher within-group variability (MSD = 1.2 s/7.8 MUs) than M-PT (MSD = 0.5 s/2.5 MUs) and FT (MSD = 0.5 s/4.2 MUs).Conclusion:The children born PT, V-PT in particular, generally displayed a considerable gain in fine motor performance from preschool to school age. Compared with the FT and M-PT groups, however, the rate of improvement appears more heterogeneous in the V-PT group
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| 2. |
- Rönnqvist, Louise, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive performance and behavioral functions in relation to gestational age (GA) at birth
- 2015
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 57:Suppl s4, s. 21-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction:It is well established that a very preterm birth (PT) relates to increased behavioral problems. The aim of this study was to investigate effects and associations between different gestational ages (GA) at birth (term, late-to-extreme) and later functions. This study is part of an ongoing, longitudinal project.Participants and Methods:Test outcomes from WISC-IV and Achenbach’s Child-Behavior-Checklist (CBCL) in children tested at 7-8-years (M=7.7) were used to investigate group differences as effect of GA at birth. In total, 64 preterm born (PT), GA range 22-36, (divided into groups of 14 extremely-PT/EPT, 17 very-PT/VPT, and 33 moderately PT/MPT) and 64 term born (TB), were included. Additionally, associations between GA, birth weight (BW), and outcomes from WISC-IV and CBCL were investigated.Results:Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) revealed significantly (p < .05) poorer WISC outcomes on Verbal Comprehension Index, Perceptual Reasoning Index, and on Full-Scale-IQ for children born EPT/VPT in comparison to MPT and TB born. Parents’ CBCL ratings reveled that EPT children had significantly higher prevalence of Attention problems, Thought problems, Aggressive and Somatic complaints. Including the PT-group only shown significant positive correlations between GA/BW respectively and full scale IQ. Higher GA/BW was related to increasing IQ scores. Significant negative correlations were seen between GA/BW respectively and TotProblem/CBCL-scale. Additionally, CBCL/DSM-Oriented Scales; Adhd-, Opposite-, and Conduct-Problems correlated significantly negative with GA/BW in the PT-born children.Conclusion:Our study provides further support for associations between increased risk of cognitive and behavior problems with decreasing GA/BW at birth.
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| 3. |
- Rönnqvist, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of twin-births on IQ, handedness, and brain volumes in 8-years-old preterm born twins and matched singletons: a pilot study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 58:S6, s. 57-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Children born preterm have a high prevalence of long-term cognitive and behavioral disturbances. Still, studies of how preterm-twin-births may effect brain maturation and thus, contribute to long-term effects on brain-behavioral development and functions are rare.Aim: To investigate whether brain volumes differ between twin (TPB) and singleton preterm born (SPB) and full-term born children (FTB) and associate to long-term cognitive and behavioral outcomes as well as to gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW) and head circumference (BHC) at birth.Method: A sample of 22 twin born preterm (Mean GA=32.1, BW=1781), 23 matched singletons preterm (Mean GA=31.8, BW=1751), and 22 full-term singletons were included. All children were investigated by means of their cognition functions (WISC-IV), handedness performance index and brain volumes (3 Tesla MRI) at early school ages (M=7.8y) in 40 children (9 TPB, 10 SPB, 21 FTB).Results: The FTB-children performed better than both TPB and SPB on cognitive performance, and showed higher IQ. Brain volumes, especially Gray matter were stronger associated with IQ in the twins. Furthermore it was found that the SPB singletons had smaller Total Brain volume and less Grey Matter than FTB. The twins showed a higher prevalence of non-right handedness associated to GA, than both SPB and FTB. Independently of birth status, GA, BW and BHC were found to correlate positively with IQ, Total Brain volume, and Gray-and White matter volumes.Conclusion: Discordant handedness in TPB children and associations to lower GA indicate effect of twin-births on early functional laterality. The overall associations found between low GA/BW and smaller BHC at birth in preterm born and associations with lower IQ and smaller brain volumes at 8-y indicate that a very preterm birth are a higher predictor for long-term effects on brain development and cognitive performance than twin-birth per se.
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| 4. |
- Bäckström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Action planning in relation to movement performance in 6-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Recent research proposes problems with action planning as part of atypical motor functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), although findings are inconsistent. This study investigated relations between action planning and movement performance in 6-year-old children with and without ASD.Patients and methods: 3D kinematic recordings of preferred arm/hand performance on a sequential peg rotation task with varying complexity of goal insertion (four endpoints and either visual or occluded goal display at onset) were conducted in 6 children with ASD (MAge = 6.4) and 6 typically developing (TD) controls (MAge = 6.5).Results: Analyses revealed significant (p < .05) group and task-endpoint differences for movement segmentation (number of movement units, MUs) and 3D movement distance. Children with ASD generally displayed more MUs and longer distances than controls and all children showed increased MUs and movement distance on more complex task-endpoints. TD controls showed significantly shorter movement initiation latency (MIL) durations than ASD in the visual condition and evidently longer MILs in the occluded than visual condition. In contrast, no difference between goal display conditions was shown for the ASD group.Conclusion: Children with ASD generally had longer movement distances and more segmented movements than controls, suggesting less efficient movement performance. Movement performance was not evidently affected by goal display condition in either group. However, the lack of MIL differences between goal display conditions within the ASD group indicates reduced pre-planning, possibly affecting movement execution efficiency.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Domellöf, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Developmental progression and side specialization in upper-limb movements from 4 to 8 years in children born preterm and fullterm
- 2018
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Ingår i: Developmental Neuropsychology. - : Routledge. - 8756-5641 .- 1532-6942. ; 43:3, s. 219-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated developmental changes and differences in upper-limb movement organization from 4 to 8 years of age in children born preterm (PT) and fullterm (FT). Kinematic recordings of precision-demanding unimanual movements and lateral assessments were carried out in 37 children (18 PT). All children, particularly children born PT, displayed considerable gain in movement kinematics. Contrary to controls, children born PT displayed persistently less-evident side preference. Gestational age (GA) contributed significantly to kinematic differences shown, with larger upper-limb deviances in the lowest GAs, in agreement with cross-sectional findings of altered hemispheric connections and delayed side-specialization among children born very PT.
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| 7. |
- Domellöf, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences in needs, received interventions and realization of individual goals in the rehabilitation of children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Conference onCerebral Palsy and other Childhood-onset Disabilities. Stockholm 1–4 June 2016.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gender differences in needs, received interventions and realization of individual goals in the rehabilitation of children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder.Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed about 5 times more often in boys than girls.Accordingly, both research and practices have long been biased towards the male presentation of ASD.Aim: This study aimed to investigate whether the gender disproportion in ASD is manifested indifferences in interventions and realization of individual goals between boys and girls with highfunctioning ASD within the child rehabilitation services in northern Sweden.Method: The study sample consisted of 46 children with high-functioning ASD between 7-18 years old (23 boys, 23 girls, mean age: 13 years). Data were obtained by systematic review of medical records and registers from 2011-2014 regarding needs within various domains, severity of problems, and associated interventions and goal achievements.Result: Girls with ASD displayed an evidently greater quantity of needs and goals within the domain Health and well-being than boys. In general, boys and girls with ASD received equal interventions with regard to quantity, type of intervention, and duration. However, more boys than girls met all their goals with principally satisfying results, as opposed to a greater proportion of the girls' goals being far from satisfied.Conclusion: Findings confirm previous reports regarding possible differential expressions of symptoms between boys and girls with high-functioning ASD. More research is warranted to explore whether gender-specific interventions can increase the possibility of equal treatment in clinical settings.
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| 8. |
- Domellöf, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Infant manual performance during reaching and grasping for objects moving in depth
- 2015
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few studies have investigated manual performance in infants when reaching and grasping for objects moving in directions other than across the fronto-parallel plane. The present preliminary study explored object-oriented behavioral strategies and side preference in 8- and 10-month-old infants during reaching and grasping for objects approaching in depth from three positions (midline, and 27° diagonally from the left and right). Effects of task constraint by using objects of three different types and two sizes were further examined for behavioral strategies and hand opening prior to grasping. Additionally, assessments of hand preference by a dedicated handedness test were performed. Regardless of object starting position, the 8-month-old infants predominantly displayed right-handed reaches for objects approaching in depth. In contrast, the older infants showed more varied strategies and performed more ipsilateral reaches in correspondence with the side of the approaching object. Conversely, 10-month-old infants were more successful than the younger infants in grasping the objects, independent of object starting position. The findings regarding infant hand use strategies when reaching and grasping for objects moving in depth are similar to those from earlier studies using objects moving along a horizontal path. Still, initiation times of reaching onset were generally long in the present study, indicating that the object motion paths seemingly affected how the infants perceived the intrinsic properties and spatial locations of the objects, possibly with an effect on motor planning. Findings are further discussed in relation to future investigations of infant reaching and grasping for objects approaching in depth.
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| 9. |
- Domellöf, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Sequential upper-limb action planning in children with autism spectrum disorder : a kinematic pilot study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Mac Keith Press. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 60:S2, s. 34-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Recent research on sensory-motor skill in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggest that problems with planning sequential actions may explain difficulties with motor execution in this population. The present pilot study investigated upper-limb movement kinematics during a goal-directed manual task requiring sequential action planning in children with and without ASD at 6-7 years.Patients and method: 3D kinematic recordings of performance with the preferred arm/hand during a sequential peg moving task with varying complexity of goal insertion (five endpoint conditions, open/revealed goal presentation) were carried out in 3 children with ASD (2 girls, mean age 6.3 years) and 3 typically developing children (3 girls, mean age 7 years). End state comfort and trial errors were also assessed.Results: Preliminary analyses of whole movement spatiotemporal segmentation (movement units, MUs) at trial level revealed significant main effects for group and endpoint condition. Overall, children with ASD consistently performed less proficiently (more MUs) than controls for all conditions across hand/arm and head. Independent of group, all children displayed increased MUs for the more complex endpoints. Children with ASD also showed evidently poorer planning behavior (less end state comfort and increased trial errors) than controls.Conclusion: Findings suggest difficulties with sequential movement planning in children with ASD in terms of suboptimal movement organization together with reduced end state comfort and inaccurate goal interpretations. In contrast to controls, children with ASD did not seem to have planned the onward action prior to action execution, contributing to the observed less proficient movement kinematics.
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| 10. |
- Hansson, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Short- and Long-Term Effects of Child Neuropsychological Assessment With a Collaborative and Therapeutic Approach : A Preliminary Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Applied neuropsychology. Child. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2162-2965 .- 2162-2973. ; 5:2, s. 97-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This preliminary study explored if a collaborative and therapeutic approach (CTA) could reduce self-reported psychiatric symptoms (Beck Youth Inventories [BYI]) in children referred for neuropsychological assessment. Participants included 11 children (M-age=12.4 years) receiving CTA, 11 (M-age=12.6 years) receiving parent support, and 9 (M-age=12.3 years) remaining on a waiting list. Contrary to both comparison groups, the CTA group reported fewer psychiatric symptoms on most BYI subscales after intervention, and this decrease was sustained for the Anger and Anxiety subscales at 6-month follow-up. Findings support a potential effectiveness of CTA in the neuropsychological assessment of children in a child psychiatric setting.
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| 11. |
- Lenfeldt, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Alterations in white matter microstructure are associated with goal-directed upper-limb movement segmentation in children born extremely preterm
- 2017
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Ingår i: Human Brain Mapping. - Hoboken : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1065-9471 .- 1097-0193. ; 38:10, s. 5051-5068
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Altered white matter microstructure is commonly found in children born preterm (PT), especially those born at an extremely low gestational age (GA). These children also commonly show disturbed motor function. This study explores the relation between white matter alterations and upperlimb movement segmentation in 41 children born PT (19 girls), and 41 children born at term (18 girls) at 8 years. The PT group was subdivided into extremely PT (E-PT; GA = 25–27 weeks, N = 10), very PT (V-PT; GA = 28–32 weeks, N = 13), and moderately PT (M-PT; GA = 33–35 weeks, N = 18). Arm/hand preference (preferred/non-preferred) was determined through object interactions and the brain hemispheres were designated accordingly. White matter alterations were assessed using diffusion tensor imaging in nine areas, and movement segmentation of the body-parts head, shoulder, elbow, and wrist were registered during a unimanual goal-directed task. Increased movement segmentation was demonstrated consistently on the preferred side in the E-PT group compared with the term born group. Also compared with the term born peers, the E-PT group demonstrated reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in the cerebral peduncle (targeting the corticospinal tract) in the hemisphere on the non-preferred side and in the splenium of corpus callosum. In contrast, in the anterior internal capsule on the preferred side, the E-PT group had increased FA. Lower FA in the cerebral peduncle, but higher FA in the anterior internal capsule, was associated with increased movement segmentation across body-parts in a contralateral manner. The results suggest that impaired development of sensorimotor tracts in E-PT children could explain a sub-optimal spatiotemporal organization of upper-limb movements.
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| 12. |
- Norman, M., et al.
(författare)
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Association Between Year of Birth and 1-Year Survival Among Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden During 2004-2007 and 2014-2016
- 2019
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Ingår i: Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association. - Chicago : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0098-7484 .- 1538-3598. ; 321:12, s. 1188-1199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE Since 2004-2007, national guidelines and recommendations have been developed for the management of extremely preterm births in Sweden. If and how more uniform management has affected infant survival is unknown. OBJECTIVE To compare survival of extremely preterm infants born during 2004-2007 with survival of infants born during 2014-2016. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS All births at 22-26weeks' gestational age (n = 2205) between April 1, 2004, and March 31, 2007, and between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2016, in Sweden were studied. Prospective data collection was used during 2004-2007. Data were obtained from the Swedish pregnancy, medical birth, and neonatal quality registries during 2014-2016. EXPOSURES Delivery at 22-26 weeks' gestational age. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcomewas infant survival to the age of 1 year. The secondary outcome was 1-year survival among live-born infants who did not have any major neonatal morbidity (specifically, without intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3-4, cystic periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity stage 3-5, or severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia). RESULTS During 2004-2007, 1009 births (3.3/1000 of all births) occurred at 22-26 weeks' gestational age compared with 1196 births (3.4/1000 of all births) during 2014-2016 (P =.61). One-year survival among live-born infants at 22-26 weeks' gestational age was significantly lower during 2004-2007 (497 of 705 infants [70%]) than during 2014-2016 (711 of 923 infants [77%]) (difference, -7%[95% CI, -11% to -2.2%], P =.003). One-year survival among live-born infants at 22-26 weeks' gestational age and without any major neonatal morbidity was significantly lower during 2004-2007 (226 of 705 infants [32%]) than during 2014-2016 (355 of 923 infants [38%]) (difference, -6%[95% CI, -11% to -1.7%], P =.008). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among live births at 22-26 weeks' gestational age in Sweden, 1-year survival improved between 2004-2007 and 2014-2016.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Norman, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Neonatal Quality Register - contents, completeness and validity
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : WILEY. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:8, s. 1411-1418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To describe the Swedish Neonatal Quality Register (SNQ) and to determine its completeness and agreement with other registers.Methods: SNQ collects data for infants admitted to neonatal units during the first four postnatal weeks. Completeness and registers' agreement were determined cross-linking SNQ data with Swedish population registers (the Inpatient, Medical Birth and Cause of Death Registers) for a study period of five years.Results: In total, 84 712 infants were hospitalised. A total of 52 806 infants occurred in both SNQ and the population registers; 28 692 were only found in the population registers, and 3214 infants were only found in SNQ. Between gestational weeks 24-34, completeness of SNQ was 98-99%. Below and above these gestational ages, completeness was lower. Infants missing in SNQ were term or near-term in 99% of the cases, and their diagnoses indicated conditions managed in maternity units, or re-admissions for acute infections, managed in paediatric units. For most diagnoses, the agreement between SNQ and population registers was high, but some (bronchopulmonary dysplasia and grade of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy) were often missing in the population registers.Conclusion: SNQ completeness and agreement against other registers, especially for preterm infants, is excellent. SNQ is a valid tool for benchmarking, quality improvement and research.
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| 15. |
- Parikh, Nisha I., et al.
(författare)
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Association of Pregnancy Complications and Characteristics With Future Risk of Elevated Blood Pressure : The Västerbotten Intervention Program
- 2017
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Ingår i: Hypertension. - : American Heart Association. - 0194-911X .- 1524-4563. ; 69:3, s. 475-483
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pregnancy characteristics are associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases, but their independent associations with hypertension or blood pressure (BP) levels remain uncertain. We linked the Swedish Medical Birth Register with Västerbotten Intervention Program data (Northern Sweden). Using linear and logistic regression, we related pregnancy factors in any prior pregnancy with BP and hypertension at 40 years of age in 15 896 parous women free of prepregnancy hypertension. Pregnancy factors included parity, age at first delivery, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, placental abruption, shortest gestational age small for gestational age baby (
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| 16. |
- Rönnqvist, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of myelin and brain volumes at early school-age: long-term effects of a preterm birth
- 2018
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 60:S2, s. 20-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Structural and functional alterations in white matter architecture are common described in children born preterm (PT) and associated to behavioral implications. Still, how critical gestational immaturity may associate with later myelination is less studied. This study aimed to explore the influence and associations between gestational age (GA) and birthweight (BW) in children born PT compared with fullterm (FT), on quantitative values of brain myelin and volumes.Patients and methods: Participants included 60 children (mean age = 8.2 years) categorized based on GA (weeks); ranging from 25 - 35.4 in PTs (N=27); 38 - 41.9 in FTs (N=33). Volumetric brain measures were conducted by a 3.0-Tesla MRI-scanner and synthetic MRI (SyMRI) acquisition sequence, including synthesis of contrast weighted images. Automatic segmentation of total brain tissues (intracranial [ICV] and parenchymal [BPV] volume [ml]) generated gray-matter (GM), white-matter (WM), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and total myelin volume.Result: Children born extremely PT (<27GW) displayed reductions of total BPV and WM compared to FTs, less myelinated content than very PT (VPT; < 32GW) and moderately PT (MPT; <36GW), and significant more CSF than FT-born. Significant positive correlation between respectively increasing GA (r= .48) and BW (r= .53) and amount of myelinated content were found for the PT-born.Conclusion: Detection of diversity regarding myelination and brain-volumes and associations to risk factors related to gestational immaturity may be useful for increased understanding of long-term effects of degree of prematurity and allowing future investigations of how interventions effects brain myelination (and plasticity) in children born PT.
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| 17. |
- Rönnqvist, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between brain volumes, myelin and upper-limb kinematics in children born preterm
- 2019
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 61:S2, s. 53-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Long-term outcomes linked to preterm (PT) births have generally found an increased amount of neuromotor-developmental delays and/or disabilities. Few studies have addressed how upper-limb kinematics associates with brain volumes and myelination. This study aimed to investigate such possible relationships within children born PT compared with term-born controls at early school age, in relation to gestational age (GA) and birth-weight (BW).Material and methods: This sub-study, part of a multidisciplinary project exploring long-term effects of PT births, included 27 children (Mean age= 8.2y) born PT (Mean GA= 32-weeks, range 22-35), and 33 age-matched born term. Kinematics of task-specific head and bi-/uni-manual upper-limb-movements was measured by a 3D-registration system (ProReflex). Brain volumes and myelin content were investigated by a 3-Tesla, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-scanner with a 7-min Synthetic MRI (SyMRI) acquisition-sequence.Results: Significantly (p < .05) less efficient upper-limb kinematics with more segmented and longer movement paths was found in PT-born compared with term-born, particularly evident for those extremely-/very PT-born (<32 GA). Smaller total brain volumes and regional white-matter reduction with less myelin were significantly correlated with more segmented and longer arm- and head-trajectories, and with lower GA and BW.Discussion-conclusion: The present findings show that an extremely- and very-PT-birth may cause long-term effects on neuromotor-mechanisms involved in goal-directed movements and that these effects are associated with generally delayed brain development and myelination. Additionally, SyMRI stands out as a suitable and cost-effective method for longitudinal/follow-up of brain development and changes, reducing distress in children due to a decreased scan time.
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| 18. |
- Rönnqvist, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between manual dexterity scores from the M-ABC 2 and kinematic properties of goal-directed upper-limb movements and in school-aged children born preterm
- 2016
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Ingår i: Challenge the Boundaries. ; , s. P-Fr-135-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Children born preterm (PT; <38 gestational weeks, GW) are frequently reported to have deviations in motor proficiency. Most studies use standardized test batteries to determine motor function in these children. Few studies have however examined the relations between test battery outcomes and outcomes from more detailed movement analysis.Aim: To investigate associations between outcomes on the manual dexterity subtests from the Movement-ABC 2 with detailed 3D kinematic registrations during performance of a sensorimotor task with demands on fine motor skills and precision in school-aged children born PT and a comparison group born at full-term (FT).Methods: As part of an ongoing quasi-longitudinal study, 7-8 year old children born PT (< 36 GW; n = 17) and an aged matched typically developing comparison group (n = 19) performed the M-ABC 2 and a fine motor task where 3D kinematic registration technique was applied. M-ABC 2 scaled scores from the manual dexterity index (MDI) were correlated with kinematic parameters sensitive to planning and on-line control (movement units, distance and speed). Differences between the PT and FT group were also analyzed.Results: Preliminary analyses show no group differences on the outcomes from the 3D kinematic analyses but differences were evident on two (peg-board and follow-track) of the subtests constituting the MDI and the MDI where children born PT have lower scores than FT. For both groups but in different ways, within-group correlations show some associations between extracted kinematic properties and dexterity outcomes.Conclusions: As the groups differed on the MDI outcomes it is surprising that none were found on the kinematic properties examined. Further, relatively few associations were found between the kinematic and M-ABC 2 outcomes. Investigation of the influence cognitive and executive functions have on these performances may offer explanations for this inconsistency
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Säfström, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Brain activations supporting linking of action phases in a sequential manual task
- 2018
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Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 172, s. 608-619
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most everyday manual tasks, like grabbing a cup of coffee to drink, are comprised of a sequence of action phases. Efficient phase transitions, or linking, are achieved using a predictive control policy where motor commands for the next phase are specified and released in anticipation of sensory confirmation of goal completion of the current phase. If there is a discrepancy between predicted and actual sensory feedback about goal completion, corrective actions are employed to complete the current action phase before proceeding to the next. However, we lack understanding about brain activations supporting such predictive linking and corrective actions in manual tasks. In this study, during 3-T MRI-scanning, sixteen participants (5 males, 11 females; mean age 27.3 years, range 23–37) performed a sequential manual task, with or without the possibility for predictive linking. We found that predictive linking of action phases was associated with increased activation in a network that included right-sided fronto-parietal areas related to visuospatial attention, eye movements and motor planning, left-sided parietal areas related to implicit timing and shifts of motor attention, occipital regions bilaterally reflecting visual processing related to the attended next target, and finally, the anterior midcingulate cortex involved in continuous performance monitoring. Corrective actions were associated with increased activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex involved in reestablishing executive control over previously automatized behavior.
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| 21. |
- Thunqvist, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Lung function after extremely preterm birth-A population-based cohort study (EXPRESS)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Pediatric Pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 8755-6863 .- 1099-0496. ; 53:1, s. 64-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Follow-up studies of children and young adults born very-to-moderately preterm show persistent and significant lung function deficits. The aim of the study was to determine lung function and airway mechanics in school-aged children born in 2004 to 2007 and extremely preterm (after 22-26 weeks of gestation).METHODS: In a population-based cohort of children born extremely preterm and controls born at term (n = 350), follow-up at 6½-years-of-age was performed using spirometry and impulse oscillometry. Associations to gestational age, smallness for gestational age (SGA), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) were assessed.RESULTS: Children born extremely preterm had lower forced vital capacity (FVC, z-score: -0.7, 95%CI: -1.0;-0.4), forced expiratory volume (FEV1 , z-score: -1.1, 95%CI: -1.4; -0.8), higher frequency-dependence of resistance (R5-20 , 0.09, 95%CI: 0.05; 0.12 kPa · L-1 · s-1 ) and larger area under the reactance curve (AX, 0.78, 95%CI: 0.49; 1.07 kPa · L-1 ) than controls. In children born at 22-24 weeks of gestation, 24% had FVC and 44% had FEV1 below the lower limit of normal. SGA and severe BPD only marginally contributed to pulmonary outcomes. Asthma-like disease was reported in 40% of extremely preterm children and 15% of controls.CONCLUSION: Many children born extremely preterm have altered airway mechanics and significant obstructive reduction in lung function. This warrants consideration for treatment and continued follow-up.
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