| 1. |
- Domellöf, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Formula feeding supplemented with milk fat globule membranes improves cognitive score in term infants at 12 months
- 2013
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 55 (Suppl. S2). - : Mac Keith Press. - 0012-1622. ; , s. 50-50
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Findings of enhanced cognitive development in breast‐fed compared with formula‐fed infants suggest that breast milk contains neurodevelopmentally beneficial components. Animal studies report positive behavioral effects of supplementation with components included in the bovine milkfat globule membrane fraction (MFGM). Behavioral effects of MFGM supplemented formula in human infants have not been studied. This study tested the hypothesis that infants fed an experimental formula (EF) supplemented with a bovine MFGM fraction would display a more favorable neurofunctional development than infants fed a standard formula (SF) at 12 months.Participants and Methods: Healthy term formula‐fed infants (n = 160) and a breast‐fed reference (BFR) group (n = 80) were included in a prospective double blind randomized trial before 2 months of age. Formula‐fed infants were randomized to receive EF or SF from inclusion until 6 months. At 12 months, cognitive, motor and verbal functions were tested using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development‐III.Results: The cognitive score was significantly higher in the EF (105.8 ± 9.2) than SF (101.8 ± 8.0) group, but equal between the EF and BFR groups. No differences were found in motor or verbal score between the formula groups. The BFR group displayed higher verbal but not motor scores than the formula groups.Conclusion: In keeping with the hypothesis, feeding infants MFGM supplemented formula resulted in improved cognitive function at 12 months compared with a standard formula. The difference in cognitive score between the EF and SF groups is compliant with calculated differences between formula‐fed and breast‐fed infants in previous studies.
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| 2. |
- Domellöf, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Improved fine motor performance in children born preterm : a longitudinal study of upper-limb kinematics from 4 to 8 years
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction:Although children born preterm (PT) are at known risk for impaired neuromotor development, longitudinal studies using detailed measurements of motor performance are rare. This study investigated developmental changes in goal-directed upper-limb kinematics from 4-8 years old in a sample of children born fullterm (FT) and PT without known developmental disabilities.Participants and Methods:3D kinematic recordings of performance with either arm/hand during a goal-directed unimanual precision task were carried out at 4 and 8 years in 37 children (13 very PT, V-PT, < 32 GW; 5 moderately PT, M-PT, 33-35 GW; 19 FT).Results:Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant main effects for group and occasion, and interaction effects between group and occasion, for distal movement duration (p < .0001) and segmentation in terms of movement units (MUs, p < .0001). From initially having displayed less proficient movement organization at 4 years than both children born FT and M-PT, the children born V-PT showed a marked catch-up at 8 years, where no significant group differences remained. The mean between-occasion difference was substantial for both duration and segmentation in V-PT relative the other groups, although with noticeably higher within-group variability (MSD = 1.2 s/7.8 MUs) than M-PT (MSD = 0.5 s/2.5 MUs) and FT (MSD = 0.5 s/4.2 MUs).Conclusion:The children born PT, V-PT in particular, generally displayed a considerable gain in fine motor performance from preschool to school age. Compared with the FT and M-PT groups, however, the rate of improvement appears more heterogeneous in the V-PT group
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| 3. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Relations Among Upper-Limb Movement Organization and Cognitive Function at School Age in Children Born Preterm
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0196-206X .- 1536-7312. ; 34:5, s. 344-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To explore relations between aspects of upper-body spatiotemporal movement organization and intelligence in children born preterm at school age.Methods: Three-dimensional (3D) kinematic recordings of arm and head movements during a unimanual precision task were related to performance on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition, in a sample of 32 children born preterm (gestational age, mean: 31.5 weeks [range: 22-35 weeks]; birth weight, mean: 1699 g [range: 404-2962 g]) at 6 years to 8 years with no diagnosed cognitive, sensory, or motor impairments compared with 40 age-matched control children born fullterm.Results: In the children born preterm, upper-limb movement duration and segmentation of movement trajectories were significantly associated with full-scale intelligence quotient independent of gestational age (GA) and sex. These effects pertained to the preferred side, characterized by more effective movement organization being linked with increased intelligence scores. The same relations were not seen in the controls. Within the children born preterm, a significant effect of GA was also found for some aspects of upper-limb movement organization. Full-scale intelligence quotient was within normal limits for both groups but significantly lower in the preterm (mean: 94.5 [range: 72-120]) compared with the fullterm (mean: 101.7 [range: 76-119]) born children.Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that, independent of GA, the spatiotemporal organization of upper-limb movements is partly associated with cognitive performance in children born preterm.
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| 4. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk for Behavioral Problems Independent of Cognitive Functioning in Children Born at Low Gestational Ages
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Pediatrics. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2360. ; 8:311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate cognitive and behavioral outcomes in relation to gestational age (GA) in school-aged children born preterm (PT). Results from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition (WISC-IV), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were analyzed in 51 children (mean age: 7.8 years [range: 7.0–8.7]) born PT (mean GA: 31 weeks [range: 23–35]; birth weight, mean: 1,637 g [range:404–2,962]) with the majority (96%) having no diagnosed cognitive, sensory, or motor impairments. The control group included 57 age-matched typically developing children (mean age: 7.9 years [range: 6.2–8.7]) born full-term (FT). Children born PT, extremelyPT (GA < 28) in particular, showed significantly lower cognitive performance and higher behavioral problem scores compared with children born FT. GA was found to predict aspects of both cognitive functioning and behavioral problems within the PT group, with lower GA being related to both poorer cognitive outcomes and elevated affective and attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems. Global cognitive functioning did not independently predict aspects of behavioral outcomes. Findings demonstrate that, even in children born PT without severe perinatal and/or postnatal complications and receiving active perinatal care, a short gestation is an evident risk factor for long-term negative effects on mental health independent of cognitive functioning. Additional findings suggest that both reduced growth and lower parental educational level may contribute to increased risk for poorer cognitive and behavioral functioning in children born PT.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Anna-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Early risk factors and cognitive outcomes in children born preterm
- 2012
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. - : John Wiley & Sons. ; , s. 24-24
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Research has consistently demonstrated a greater risk for learning-related problems in children born preterm. However, little research has explored the longterm effects of early risk factors (RFs) on cognitive outcome. Thus, the associations between RFs and cognitive functions are the main focus of the present research.Methods: A sample of 32 children born preterm (M GW=31.5, [22–35]; M age=7.7yrs) and 38 age and sex matched full-term born control group (M age=7.7) underwentWechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition (WISC-IV) testing. A number of RF in the pre/perinatal period was identified from information in medical records.Results: The children born preterm had significantly lower scores than full-term controls on the WISC-IV in terms of full-scale IQ (FSIQ; M=94.5 and 102.1 respectively) and performance index (PIQ) (M=100 and 106.8 respectively). Within the preterm group, standardized birth weight (BW) was positively correlated with FSIQ and PIQ. Further, the total number of RF was negatively correlated with FSIQ and working memory index.Discussion: As previously shown, most of the children born preterm score within normal limits on the WISC-IV, they score significantly lower and demonstrate higher rates of sub-average IQ and PIQ than their full-term peers. Additionally, early RFs were associated with several measures of cognitive functioning. Thus, these results highlight the importance of including early medical history when analyzing outcomes of preterm birth. Further enquiries are necessary to look into the relationship between specific RFs and cognition in order to better predict outcomes.
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| 6. |
- Rönnqvist, Louise, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive performance and behavioral functions in relation to gestational age (GA) at birth
- 2015
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 57:Suppl s4, s. 21-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction:It is well established that a very preterm birth (PT) relates to increased behavioral problems. The aim of this study was to investigate effects and associations between different gestational ages (GA) at birth (term, late-to-extreme) and later functions. This study is part of an ongoing, longitudinal project.Participants and Methods:Test outcomes from WISC-IV and Achenbach’s Child-Behavior-Checklist (CBCL) in children tested at 7-8-years (M=7.7) were used to investigate group differences as effect of GA at birth. In total, 64 preterm born (PT), GA range 22-36, (divided into groups of 14 extremely-PT/EPT, 17 very-PT/VPT, and 33 moderately PT/MPT) and 64 term born (TB), were included. Additionally, associations between GA, birth weight (BW), and outcomes from WISC-IV and CBCL were investigated.Results:Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) revealed significantly (p < .05) poorer WISC outcomes on Verbal Comprehension Index, Perceptual Reasoning Index, and on Full-Scale-IQ for children born EPT/VPT in comparison to MPT and TB born. Parents’ CBCL ratings reveled that EPT children had significantly higher prevalence of Attention problems, Thought problems, Aggressive and Somatic complaints. Including the PT-group only shown significant positive correlations between GA/BW respectively and full scale IQ. Higher GA/BW was related to increasing IQ scores. Significant negative correlations were seen between GA/BW respectively and TotProblem/CBCL-scale. Additionally, CBCL/DSM-Oriented Scales; Adhd-, Opposite-, and Conduct-Problems correlated significantly negative with GA/BW in the PT-born children.Conclusion:Our study provides further support for associations between increased risk of cognitive and behavior problems with decreasing GA/BW at birth.
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| 7. |
- Rönnqvist, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of twin-births on IQ, handedness, and brain volumes in 8-years-old preterm born twins and matched singletons: a pilot study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 58:S6, s. 57-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Children born preterm have a high prevalence of long-term cognitive and behavioral disturbances. Still, studies of how preterm-twin-births may effect brain maturation and thus, contribute to long-term effects on brain-behavioral development and functions are rare.Aim: To investigate whether brain volumes differ between twin (TPB) and singleton preterm born (SPB) and full-term born children (FTB) and associate to long-term cognitive and behavioral outcomes as well as to gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW) and head circumference (BHC) at birth.Method: A sample of 22 twin born preterm (Mean GA=32.1, BW=1781), 23 matched singletons preterm (Mean GA=31.8, BW=1751), and 22 full-term singletons were included. All children were investigated by means of their cognition functions (WISC-IV), handedness performance index and brain volumes (3 Tesla MRI) at early school ages (M=7.8y) in 40 children (9 TPB, 10 SPB, 21 FTB).Results: The FTB-children performed better than both TPB and SPB on cognitive performance, and showed higher IQ. Brain volumes, especially Gray matter were stronger associated with IQ in the twins. Furthermore it was found that the SPB singletons had smaller Total Brain volume and less Grey Matter than FTB. The twins showed a higher prevalence of non-right handedness associated to GA, than both SPB and FTB. Independently of birth status, GA, BW and BHC were found to correlate positively with IQ, Total Brain volume, and Gray-and White matter volumes.Conclusion: Discordant handedness in TPB children and associations to lower GA indicate effect of twin-births on early functional laterality. The overall associations found between low GA/BW and smaller BHC at birth in preterm born and associations with lower IQ and smaller brain volumes at 8-y indicate that a very preterm birth are a higher predictor for long-term effects on brain development and cognitive performance than twin-birth per se.
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| 8. |
- Timby, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Neurodevelopment and growth until 6.5 years of infants who consumed a low-energy, low-protein formula supplemented with bovine milk fat globule membranes : a randomized controlled trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Oxford University Press. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 113:3, s. 586-592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We previously reported results from a randomized controlled trial in which we found that Swedish infants consuming an experimental low-energy, low-protein formula (EF) supplemented with bovine milk fat globule membranes (MFGMs) until 6 mo of age had several positive outcomes, including better performance in the cognitive domain of Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd Edition at 12 mo of age, and higher plasma cholesterol concentrations during the intervention, than infants consuming standard formula (SF).OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate neurodevelopment, growth, and plasma cholesterol status at 6 and 6.5 y of age in the same study population.METHODS: We assessed cognitive and executive functions using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children 4th Edition (WISC-IV), Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scales for Children and Adolescents (Brown-ADD), and Quantified Behavior (Qb) tests, and behavior using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher's Report Form (TRF), at 6.5 y of age. Anthropometrics and plasma lipids were assessed at 6 y of age.RESULTS: There were no differences between the EF and SF groups in any of the subscales in WISC-IV or Brown-ADD at 6.5 y of age, in the proportion of children with scores outside the normal range in the Qb test, nor in clinical or borderline indications of problems in adaptive functioning from parental and teacher's scoring using the CBCL and TRF. There were no differences between the EF and SF groups in weight, length, or head or abdominal circumferences, nor in plasma concentrations of homocysteine, lipids, insulin, or glucose.CONCLUSIONS: Among children who as infants consumed a low-energy, low-protein formula supplemented with bovine MFGMs, there were no effects on neurodevelopment, growth, or plasma cholesterol status 6-6.5 y later.
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| 9. |
- Timby, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Neurodevelopment, nutrition, and growth until 12 mo of age in infants fed a low-energy, low-protein formula supplemented with bovine milk fat globule membranes : a randomized controlled trial1,2,3
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : American Society for Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 99:4, s. 860-868
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Observational studies have indicated that differences in the composition of human milk and infant formula yield benefits in cognitive development and early growth for breastfed infantsObjective: The objective was to test the hypothesis that feeding an infant formula with reduced energy and protein densities and supplemented with bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) reduces differences in cognitive development and early growth between formula-fed and breastfed infants.Design: In a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 160 infants <2 mo of age were randomly assigned to be fed an MFGM-supplemented, low-energy, low-protein experimental formula (EF) or a standard formula (SF) until 6 mo of age. The energy and protein contents of the EF and SF were 60 and 66 kcal/100 mL and 1.20 and 1.27 g/100 mL, respectively. A breastfed reference (BFR) group consisted of 80 infants.Results: At 12 mo of age, the cognitive score (mean ± SD) on testing with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition, was significantly higher in the EF group than in the SF group (105.8 ± 9.2 compared with 101.8 ± 8.0; P = 0.008) but was not significantly different from that in the BFR group (106.4 ± 9.5; P = 0.73). The EF group ingested larger volumes of formula than did the SF group (864 ± 174 compared with 797 ± 165 mL/d; P = 0.022), fully compensating for the lower energy density. No significant differences in linear growth, weight gain, body mass index, percentage body fat, or head circumference were found between the EF and SF groups.Conclusions: MFGM supplementation to infant formula narrows the gap in cognitive development between breastfed and formula-fed infants. Between 2 and 6 mo of age, formula-fed term infants have the capacity to upregulate their ingested volumes when the energy density of formula is reduced from 66 to 60 kcal/100 mL. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00624689.
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| 10. |
- Walton, Lois, et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of Working Memory Updating Training in Parkinson's Disease : A Feasibility and Single-Subject Study on Cognition, Movement and Functional Brain Response
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Parkinson's disease (PD), the fronto-striatal network is involved in motor and cognitive symptoms. Working memory (WM) updating training engages this network in healthy populations, as observed by improved cognitive performance and increased striatal BOLD signal. This two-part study aimed to assess the feasibility of WM updating training in PD and measure change in cognition, movement and functional brain response in one individual with PD after WM updating training. A feasibility and single-subject (FL) study were performed in which patients with PD completed computerized WM updating training. The outcome measures were the pre-post changes in criterion and transfer cognitive tests; cognitive complaints; psychological health; movement kinematics; and task-related BOLD signal. Participants in the feasibility study showed improvements on the criterion tests at post-test. FL displayed the largest improvements on the criterion tests and smaller improvements on transfer tests. Furthermore, FL reported improved cognitive performance in everyday life. A shorter onset latency and smoother upper-limb goal-directed movements were measured at post-test, as well as increased activation within the striatum and decreased activation throughout the fronto-parietal WM network. This two-part study demonstrated that WM updating training is feasible to complete for PD patients and that change occurred in FL at post-test in the domains of cognition, movement and functional brain response.
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| 11. |
- Andersson, Gerd, et al.
(författare)
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Upper-extremity Spasticity-reducing Treatment in Adjunct to Movement Training and Orthoses in Children with Cerebral Palsy at Gross Motor Function- and Manual Ability Classification System Levels IV-V : A Descriptive Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Developmental Neurorehabilitation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1751-8423 .- 1751-8431. ; 23:6, s. 349-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Covering a 20-year period of work with children with severe cerebral palsy (CP) within a Swedish habilitation service, changes in passive wrist extension with fingers extended (PWE-FE) and current hand function are described and compared between children receiving systematic upper-extremity treatment with botulinum neurotoxin type A and intervention programs from before 7 years of age (Group 1, n = 7), those whom for various reasons did not undergo this treatment (Group 2, n = 10), and those not having the option to receive treatment until later during childhood/adolescence (Group 3, n = 8). Group 3 showed more critical and less normal PWE-FE values for both wrists, and poorer hand function scores, particularly compared with Group 1. Findings cautiously suggest that repeated upper-extremity spasticity-reducing treatment and movement training/orthoses from an early age may help prevent critical loss of passive range of motion of the wrist joint flexion/extension and promote hand function development in children with severe CP.
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| 12. |
- Behzadi, Arvin, et al.
(författare)
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Myofiber type shift in extraocular muscles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. - : Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). - 0146-0404 .- 1552-5783. ; 64:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To investigate changes in myofiber composition in the global layer (GL) and orbital layer (OL) of extraocular muscles (EOMs) from terminal amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) donors.Methods: Medial recti muscles collected postmortem from spinal-onset ALS, bulbar-onset ALS, and healthy control donors were processed for immunofluorescence with antibodies against myosin heavy chain (MyHC) IIa, MyHCI, MyHCeom, laminin, neurofilaments, synaptophysin, acetylcholine receptor γ-subunit, and α-bungarotoxin.Results: The proportion of myofibers containing MyHCIIa was significantly smaller and MyHCeom was significantly larger in the GL of spinal-onset ALS and bulbar-onset ALS donors compared to control donors. Changes in the GL were more prominent in the bulbar-onset ALS donors, with a significantly larger proportion of myofibers containing MyHCeom being present compared to spinal-onset ALS donors. There were no significant differences in the myofiber composition in the OL. In the spinal-onset ALS donors, the proportions of myofibers containing MyHCIIa in the GL and MyHCeom in the OL were significantly correlated with the disease duration. Neurofilament and synaptophysin were present at motor endplates of myofibers containing MyHCeom in ALS donors.Conclusions: The EOMs of terminal ALS donors displayed changes in the fast-type myofiber composition in the GL, with a more pronounced alteration in bulbar-onset ALS donors. Our results align with the worse prognosis and subclinical changes in eye movement function previously observed in bulbar-onset ALS patients and suggest that the myofibers in the OL might be more resistant to the pathological process in ALS.
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| 13. |
- Bäckström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Action planning in relation to movement performance in 6-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Recent research proposes problems with action planning as part of atypical motor functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), although findings are inconsistent. This study investigated relations between action planning and movement performance in 6-year-old children with and without ASD.Patients and methods: 3D kinematic recordings of preferred arm/hand performance on a sequential peg rotation task with varying complexity of goal insertion (four endpoints and either visual or occluded goal display at onset) were conducted in 6 children with ASD (MAge = 6.4) and 6 typically developing (TD) controls (MAge = 6.5).Results: Analyses revealed significant (p < .05) group and task-endpoint differences for movement segmentation (number of movement units, MUs) and 3D movement distance. Children with ASD generally displayed more MUs and longer distances than controls and all children showed increased MUs and movement distance on more complex task-endpoints. TD controls showed significantly shorter movement initiation latency (MIL) durations than ASD in the visual condition and evidently longer MILs in the occluded than visual condition. In contrast, no difference between goal display conditions was shown for the ASD group.Conclusion: Children with ASD generally had longer movement distances and more segmented movements than controls, suggesting less efficient movement performance. Movement performance was not evidently affected by goal display condition in either group. However, the lack of MIL differences between goal display conditions within the ASD group indicates reduced pre-planning, possibly affecting movement execution efficiency.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Bäckström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Atypical motor planning in an interpersonal context in 9-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
- 2023
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Ingår i: 35th EACD Annual meeting European Academy of Childhood Disability. - : European Academy of Childhood Disability. ; , s. 254-254
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Motor planning deviances may negatively affect interpersonal motor interactions in ASD, although detailed studies are sparse. This study examined motor planning kinematics in an interpersonal and non-interpersonal context in 9-year-old children with ASD and neurotypical peers.Patients and methods: Twelve children with ASD and 17 controls performed two different sequential manual tasks (preferred hand): grasping and placing a peg on a wooden disc (non-interpersonal) or in the hand of an examiner (interpersonal). Three-dimensional kinematic recordings of arm/hand movements were performed. Group and task differences were explored for total movement duration (MD), and for peak velocity (PV) and placement of peak velocity (PPV) during reach-to-grasp and transport-to-place movements, respectively.Results: Task differences were found in terms of longer MD and higher transport-to-place-PV in the disc- compared to hand-task. An interaction effect was evident for reach-to-grasp-PPV, where the control-group, but not ASD, had earlier reach-to-grasp-PPV and longer relative deceleration in the hand-task compared to the disc-task.Conclusion: Results show that the interpersonal context influenced initial reach-to-grasp motor planning in the control-group, but not the ASD-group. Later in the sequential movement (transport-to-place), the interpersonal context seemed to influence motor planning independent of group. Taken together, this indicates support towards a more careful peg-placing in the interpersonal hand-task in the control-group but much less clearly so in the ASD-group.Relevance for users and families: Atypical motor planning may influence motor interaction with peers. Investigations of motor planning and movement organization in ASD could thus inform interventions also targeting interpersonal exchange.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Bäckström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Motor imagery ability in 7-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Knowledge about motor imagery (MI) ability in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is limited and inconclusive in young children with ASD. The aim of the current study was to investigate MI ability in 7-year-old children with ASD.Patients and methods: Thirteen children with ASD and 13 typically developing (TD) children performed a computerized hand laterality judgement task (HLJ) and a non-corporeal visual imagery (VI) control task. All participants passing a criterion test performed the tasks with images at 4 different rotational increments to vary the MI biomechanical demands (HLJ task) or VI angle rotational demands (VI task). Response times (RT) and accuracy were extracted.Results: Four children with ASD did not pass the HLJ criterion test and one failed the VI criterion test. The ASD-group had evidently more incorrect responses than TD on both tasks. Analyses of RT showed a biomechanical effect in the MI task and an angle increment effect in the VI task in both groups. Children with ASD had longer RT than TD children on VI but not MI tasks. Conclusion: Findings suggest that both the ASD and control children used MI to solve the HLJ task. However, failures to pass the HLJ criterion test and the increased error rate in the ASD group indicate that MI ability is weaker in young children with autism than TD controls. Notably, a large individual variability in employment of MI within the ASD group was found, ranging from functional, fractional but existing, to absent MI ability.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Bäckström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Motor planning and movement execution during goal-directed sequential manual movements in 6-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder : A kinematic analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Atypical motor functioning is prevalent in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Knowledge of the underlying kinematic properties of these problems is sparse.Aims: To investigate characteristics of manual motor planning and performance difficulties/diversity in children with ASD by detailed kinematic measurements. Further, associations between movement parameters and cognitive functions were explored.Methods and procedures: Six-year-old children with ASD (N = 12) and typically developing (TD) peers (N = 12) performed a sequential manual task comprising grasping and fitting a semi-circular peg into a goal-slot. The goal-slot orientation was manipulated to impose different motor planning constraints. Movements were recorded by an optoelectronic system.Outcomes and results: The ASD-group displayed less efficient motor planning than the TD-group, evident in the reach-to-grasp and transport kinematics and less proactive adjustments of the peg to the goal-slot orientations. The intra-individual variation of movement kinematics was higher in the ASD-group compared to the TD-group. Further, in the ASD-group, movement performance associated negatively with cognitive functions.Conclusions and implications: Planning and execution of sequential manual movements proved challenging for children with ASD, likely contributing to problems in everyday actions. Detailed kinematic investigations contribute to the generation of specific knowledge about the nature of atypical motor performance/diversity in ASD. This is of potential clinical relevance.
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| 20. |
- Bäckström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Visuomotor integration in action planning in 7-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder
- 2022
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Ingår i: Specia issue: Abstracts of the 34th annual meeting of the European Academy of Childhood Disability (EACD) Barcelona, Spain 18-21 May 2022. - : Mac Keith Press. ; , s. 65-65
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Difficulties with action planning and visuomotor integration may contribute to atypical motorfunctioning in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), although detailed studies of sensorimotorintegration in action planning are sparse. This ongoing study investigates visuomotor integration in actionplanning in 7-year-old children with and without ASD.Patients and methods: A sub-sample of 6 children with ASD and 6 typically developing (TD) controls wereincluded. Recordings of gaze synchronized with 3D kinematic registration were made during performance of amanual sequential peg rotation task with variations in goal insertion complexity. Group differences and relations between movement duration and number of gaze shifts over the sequential movement phases(latency, reach-to-grasp, grasp, and transport-to-fit) were explored.Results: No significant group differences were found for either movement duration or number of gaze shifts.When controlling for the between-participants variance, total number of gaze shifts and number of gaze shiftsin reach-to-grasp were related to movement duration in the initial phases of the movement in the TD-group but not in the ASD-group.Conclusion: The results indicate that, whilst performance measures were similar between groups, the overallpattern of visuomotor integration was related to feed-forward movement processes in the sequentialmovement in the TD-group but not in the ASD-group. This finding adds support to previous suggestions thatvisuomotor integration underpinning action planning may operate differently in ASD. Synchronizedexamination of gaze and detailed movement registration appears as a promising methodology for detailed investigation of visuomotor integration in action planning.
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| 21. |
- Challis, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Factors associated with the increased incidence of necrotising enterocolitis in extremely preterm infants in Sweden between two population-based national cohorts (2004-2007 vs 2014-2016)
- 2024
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Ingår i: Archives of Disease in Childhood. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1359-2998 .- 1468-2052. ; 109:1, s. 87-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To investigate potential risk factors behind the increased incidence of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in Swedish extremely preterm infants.Design Registry data from two population-based national cohorts were studied. NEC diagnoses (Bell stage >= II) were validated against hospital records.Patients All liveborn infants <27 weeks of gestation 2004-2007 (n=704) and 2014-2016 (n=895) in Sweden.Main outcome measures NEC incidence.Results The validation process resulted in a 28% reduction of NEC cases but still confirmed a higher NEC incidence in the later epoch compared with the earlier (73/895 (8.2%) vs 27/704 (3.8%), p=0.001), while the composite of NEC or death was lower (244/895 (27.3%) vs 229/704 (32.5%), p=0.022). In a multivariable Cox regression model, censored for mortality, there was no significant difference in early NEC (0-7 days of life) between epochs (HR=0.9 (95% CI 0.5 to 1.9), p=0.9), but being born in the later epoch remained an independent risk factor for late NEC (>7 days) (HR=2.7 (95% CI 1.5 to 5.0), p=0.001). In propensity score analysis, a significant epoch difference in NEC incidence (12% vs 2.8%, p<0.001) was observed only in the tertile of infants at highest risk of NEC, where the 28-day mortality was lower in the later epoch (35% vs 50%, p=0.001). More NEC cases were diagnosed with intramural gas in the later epoch (33/73 (45.2%) vs 6/26 (23.1%), p=0.047).Conclusions The increase in NEC incidence between epochs was limited to cases occurring after 7 days of life and was partly explained by increased survival in the most extremely preterm infants. Misclassification of NEC is common.
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| 22. |
- Dahlström, Carolin, et al.
(författare)
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Uni- and bimanual goal-directed arm movement organization in children at 6-9 years : Effects of a preterm birth
- 2014
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Ingår i: Congress Programme. 1st Clinical Movement Analysis Word Conference. ; , s. 110-110
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION and AIMPsychomotor deficits are more commonly reported among children born preterm (PT) than those born full-term (FT). Further, evidence exists for more covert motor problems in children born preterm at school age [1]. Such findings may be associated with a more immature spatiotemporal model of movements and lower cognitive functioning in children born PT than FT [2]. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gestational age (GA) on uni- and bimanual goal-directed arm movement organization and on cognitive functioning in children at school age.PATIENTS/MATERIALS and METHODSParticipants consisted of 88 children between 6-9 years of age (M = 7.7 years; 40 PT, 19 girls; 48 FT, 22 girls) without known developmental delays or deviations. Children born PT were divided into two subgroups: moderately PT (M-PT), 34-36 weeks’ gestation (GW), and very PT (V-PT), < 34 GW. Movement kinematics were examined during performance of a goal-directed task, where the participants pushed three buttons in a sequential order in two different directions (vertical or horizontal) with either the right or left hand (unimanual) and with both hands simultaneously (bimanual). Movements were recorded by a 6-camera movement registration system (240Hz, ProReflex) and the number of movement units (MUs) was derived from head, shoulders, elbow, and wrist movement velocity profiles. Cognitive function in terms of verbal IQ (VIQ) and full scale IQ (FSIQ) was measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition (WISC-IV).RESULTSOverall, a significant difference between the groups regarding number of MUs and FSIQ was found. In general, children born V-PT showed more MUs compared with the FT and M-PT group. Regardless of group, a significant higher amount of MUs was found in the bimanual condition than in the unimanual, and during horizontal movement performance in comparison with vertical. Furthermore, GA was significant negatively correlated with number of MUs for right and left wrist and right elbow, and also with FSIQ.DISCUSSION and CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that lower GAs are associated with both more segmented goal-directed arm movements as well as with lower general cognitive ability. During the more demanding tasks, i.e. bimanual and horizontal movements, this association became particularly evident, where the children born V-PT exhibited the greatest difficulties. Thus, this indicate immature spatio-temporal movement organization as a long-lasting effect of risk factors associated with a preterm birth, specifically for children born V-PT, that may be related to lower cognitive function. Further, limitations in kinematic degrees of freedom, leading to restricted amounts of solutions when solving a motor task, may also partly explain these findings.REFERENCES[1] Bracewell, M. & Marlow, N. (2002). Patterns of motor disability in very preterm children. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 8(4), 241-248.[2] Domellöf, E., Johansson, A-M., Farooqi, A., Domellöf M. & Rönnqvist, L. (2013). Relations among upper-limb movement organization and cognitive function at school age in children born preterm. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 34(5), 344-352.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Atypical functional lateralization in children with fetal alcohol syndrome
- 2009
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Ingår i: Developmental Psychobiology. - : Wiley Periodicals, Inc. - 0012-1630 .- 1098-2302. ; 51:8, s. 696-705
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to explore effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on functional lateralization, item tasks measuring preferences of hand, foot, eye, and ear were administered to a sample of 23 children diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) compared with typically developing (TD) children. In addition, a dichotic listening task was administered to a subsample of 11 children with FAS and a TD group of comparable age, sex and handedness. The children with FAS were characterized by increased nonright-handedness compared with TD children. No differences were evident for preferential use of foot, eye, or ear. Moreover, children with FAS displayed more right ear extinctions during dichotic listening relative to TD children, indicating a lack of right ear advantage. The results add to findings of decreased manual asymmetry and less left-lateralized speech perception in children with developmental disorders, and are further discussed in relation to the high incidence of callosal abnormalities in alcohol-exposed children.
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| 25. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Brain activations during execution and observation of visually guided sequential manual movements in autism and in typical development : A study protocol
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Motor issues are frequently observed accompanying core deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Impaired motor behavior has also been linked to cognitive and social abnormalities, and problems with predictive ability have been suggested to play an important, possibly shared, part across all these domains. Brain imaging of sensory-motor behavior is a promising method for characterizing the neurobiological foundation for this proposed key trait. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) developmental study, involving children/youth with ASD, typically developing (TD) children/youth, and neurotypical adults, will investigate brain activations during execution and observation of a visually guided, goal-directed sequential (two-step) manual task. Neural processing related to both execution and observation of the task, as well as activation patterns during the preparation stage before execution/observation will be investigated. Main regions of interest include frontoparietal and occipitotemporal cortical areas, the human mirror neuron system (MNS), and the cerebellum.
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| 26. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Brain activations during execution and observation of visually guided sequential manual movements in autism and in typical development: A study protocol
- 2024
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 19:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motor issues are frequently observed accompanying core deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Impaired motor behavior has also been linked to cognitive and social abnormalities, and problems with predictive ability have been suggested to play an important, possibly shared, part across all these domains. Brain imaging of sensory-motor behavior is a promising method for characterizing the neurobiological foundation for this proposed key trait. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) developmental study, involving children/youth with ASD, typically developing (TD) children/youth, and neurotypical adults, will investigate brain activations during execution and observation of a visually guided, goal-directed sequential (two-step) manual task. Neural processing related to both execution and observation of the task, as well as activation patterns during the preparation stage before execution/observation will be investigated. Main regions of interest include frontoparietal and occipitotemporal cortical areas, the human mirror neuron system (MNS), and the cerebellum.
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| 27. |
- Domellöf, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Brain findings in relation to cognitive outcomes in preterm children at school age
- 2012
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 54, s. 33-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To explore whether brain volumes in ex-preterm born children at school age relates to their cognitive abilities.BACKGROUND: It is well established that a preterm birth is associated with an increased risk for cognitive deficits that often remain undetected until school age. Such deficits are likely caused by an atypical neurodevelopment. There is, however, relatively little known about the characterization of the preterm born children’s brain in relation to long-term cognitive performance.METHODS: A sample of preterm children (n = 32) and typically developing fullterm children (n = 38) at 7-8-years underwent 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with additional synthetic MR for extraction of brain tissue. MR-findings were related to performance on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition (WISC-IV).RESULTS: The preterm children performed significantly poorer than fullterm peers on the WISC-IV in terms of total IQ (M = 95.1 and 103.5, respectively) and other measures. Overall, the total brain volume was positively correlated with general cognitive ability (total IQ). Additionally, a significant relation between grey matter (GM) and IQ was found for the preterm children. However, no association between white matter (WM) and IQ was found.CONCLUSIONS: Even in a small sample of school-aged children with a history of birth comparatively close to term it was possible to detect a link between atypical brain volumes and cognitive functioning. The nature of these associations is discussed in terms of how GM and WM may contribute to long-term cognition deficits associated with a preterm birth.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-
(författare)
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Development of functional asymmetries in young infants : A sensory-motor approach
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Human functional laterality, typically involving a right-sided preference in most sensory-motor activities, is still a poorly understood issue. This is perhaps particularly true in terms of what underlying mechanisms that may govern lateral biases, as well as the developmental origins and course of events. The present thesis aims at investigating functional asymmetries in the upper and lower body movements of young human infants. In Study I, the presence of side biases in the stepping and placing responses and head turning in healthy fullterm newborns were explored. No evident lateral bias for the leg responses in terms of the first foot moved or direction of head turning was found. However, a lateral bias was revealed for onset latency in relation to the first foot moved in both stepping and placing. Asymmetries in head turning did not correspond to asymmetries in leg movements. In Study II, functional asymmetries in the stepping response of newborn infants were investigated in more detail by means of 3-D kinematic movement registration. Evident side differences were found in relation to smoother movement trajectories of the right leg by means of less movement segmentation compared to the left leg. Side differences were also found in relation to intralimb coordination in terms of stronger ankle-knee couplings and smaller phase shifts in the right leg than the left. In Study III, using the same movement registration technique, the kinematics of left and right arm movements during goal-directed reaching in infants were prospectively studied over the ages 6, 9, 12, and 36 months. Main findings included side differences and developmental trends related to the segmentation of the reaching movements and the reaching trajectory, as well as the distribution of arm-hand-use frequency. The results from Study I and II are discussed in relation to underlying neural mechanisms for lateral biases in leg movements and the important role of a thorough methodology in investigating newborn responses. Findings from Study III are discussed in terms of what they imply about the developmental origins for hand preference. An emphasis is also put on developmental differences between fullterm and preterm infants. Overall, the studies of the present thesis show that an increased understanding of subtle expressions of early functional asymmetries in the upper and lower body movements of young infants may be gained by means of refined measurements. Furthermore, such knowledge may provide an insight into the underlying neural mechanisms subserving asymmetries in the movements of young infants. The present studies also add new information to the current understanding of the development of human lateralized functions, in particular the findings derived from the longitudinal data. Apart from theoretical implications, the present thesis also involves a discussion with regard to the clinical relevance of investigating functional asymmetries in the movements of young infants.
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| 30. |
- Domellöf, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Developmental progression and side specialization in upper-limb movements from 4 to 8 years in children born preterm and fullterm
- 2018
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Ingår i: Developmental Neuropsychology. - : Routledge. - 8756-5641 .- 1532-6942. ; 43:3, s. 219-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated developmental changes and differences in upper-limb movement organization from 4 to 8 years of age in children born preterm (PT) and fullterm (FT). Kinematic recordings of precision-demanding unimanual movements and lateral assessments were carried out in 37 children (18 PT). All children, particularly children born PT, displayed considerable gain in movement kinematics. Contrary to controls, children born PT displayed persistently less-evident side preference. Gestational age (GA) contributed significantly to kinematic differences shown, with larger upper-limb deviances in the lowest GAs, in agreement with cross-sectional findings of altered hemispheric connections and delayed side-specialization among children born very PT.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Functional asymmetries in the stepping response of the human newborn : a kinematic approach
- 2007
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Ingår i: Experimental Brain Research. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 0014-4819 .- 1432-1106. ; 177:3, s. 324-335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to investigate subtle expressions of functional asymmetries in newborn leg movements, kinematic registrations were made on a sample of 40 healthy fullterm newborn infants during performance of the stepping response. Time–position data were collected from markers attached to the hip, knee and ankle joints of the left and right leg, and movements of both legs recorded simultaneously. Findings included evident side differences in terms of smoother trajectories of the right leg as a consequence of less movement segmentation compared to the left leg. Additionally, analyses of intralimb coordination revealed side differences with regard to stronger ankle–knee couplings and smaller phase shifts in the right leg. The findings suggest that asymmetries in newborn stepping responses are present in terms of spatio-temporal parameters and intralimb coordination. No evidence of a lateral preference in terms of frequency of the first foot moved was found. The present study adds new understanding to the lateralized attributes of the stepping response in the human newborn and as such points to new directions of research on the nature of laterality in the future.
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| 34. |
- Domellöf, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences in needs, received interventions and realization of individual goals in the rehabilitation of children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Conference onCerebral Palsy and other Childhood-onset Disabilities. Stockholm 1–4 June 2016.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gender differences in needs, received interventions and realization of individual goals in the rehabilitation of children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder.Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed about 5 times more often in boys than girls.Accordingly, both research and practices have long been biased towards the male presentation of ASD.Aim: This study aimed to investigate whether the gender disproportion in ASD is manifested indifferences in interventions and realization of individual goals between boys and girls with highfunctioning ASD within the child rehabilitation services in northern Sweden.Method: The study sample consisted of 46 children with high-functioning ASD between 7-18 years old (23 boys, 23 girls, mean age: 13 years). Data were obtained by systematic review of medical records and registers from 2011-2014 regarding needs within various domains, severity of problems, and associated interventions and goal achievements.Result: Girls with ASD displayed an evidently greater quantity of needs and goals within the domain Health and well-being than boys. In general, boys and girls with ASD received equal interventions with regard to quantity, type of intervention, and duration. However, more boys than girls met all their goals with principally satisfying results, as opposed to a greater proportion of the girls' goals being far from satisfied.Conclusion: Findings confirm previous reports regarding possible differential expressions of symptoms between boys and girls with high-functioning ASD. More research is warranted to explore whether gender-specific interventions can increase the possibility of equal treatment in clinical settings.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Goal-directed arm movements in children with fetal alcohol syndrome : a kinematic approach
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 18:2, s. 312-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although many studies have documented deficits in general motor functioning in children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), few have employed detailed measurements to explore the specific nature of such disabilities. This pilot study explores whether three-dimensional (3D) kinematic analysis may generate increased knowledge of the effect of intrauterine alcohol exposure on motor control processes by detecting atypical upper-limb movement pattern specificity in children with FAS relative to typically developing (TD) children. Methods: Left and right arm and head movements during a sequential unimanual goal-directed precision task in a sample of children with FAS and in TD children were registered by an optoelectronic tracking system (ProReflex, Qualisys Inc.). Results: Children with FAS demonstrated evidently poorer task performance compared with TD children. Additionally, analyses of arm movement kinematics revealed atypical spatio-temporal organization in the children with FAS. In general, they exhibited longer arm movement trajectories at both the proximal and distal level, faster velocities at the proximal level but slower at the distal level, and more segmented distal movements. Children with FAS also showed atypically augmented and fast head movements during the task performance. Conclusions: Findings indicate neuromotor deficits and developmental delay in goaldirected arm movements because of prenatal alcohol exposure. It is suggested that 3D kinematic analysis is a valid technique for furthering the understanding of motor control processes in children with FAS/fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. A combination with relevant neuroimaging techniques in future studies would enable a more clear-cut interpretation of how atypical movement patterns relate to underlying brain abnormalities.
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| 37. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Handedness in preterm born children : a systematic review and a meta-analysis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Neuropsychologia. - : Elsevier. - 0028-3932 .- 1873-3514. ; 49:9, s. 2299-2310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been proposed that left and/or non-right handedness (NRH) is over-represented in children with a history of preterm birth because such births are associated with a greater incidence of insult to the brain. We report an approximate two-fold increase in left and/or non-right handedness based on a systematic search of the literature from 1980 to September 2010 for English-language articles reporting handedness status in preterm children compared with fullterm controls either as a main focus of the study or as a secondary finding. In total, thirty articles met the inclusion criteria. However, there was a great variation between the included studies in terms of objectives, population characteristics, sample size and methodologies used. While the majority of studies reported a higher incidence of NRH in preterm than fullterm children, this was not a consistent finding. A quality assessment was made to explore the differences in overall study quality and handedness assessment methodology between studies. A random-effects model meta-analysis was then performed to estimate the accumulated effect of preterm birth on handedness (18 studies; 1947 cases and 8170 controls). Preterm children displayed a significantly higher occurrence of NRH than fullterm children (odds ratio [OR]: 2.12; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.59–2.78). Sources of heterogeneity were investigated by supplementary meta-analyses considering studies with high or low overall and handedness assessment quality. Publication bias was assessed by Egger’s test of the intercept and Duvall and Tweedie’s trim-and-fill method. The outcomes of these procedures did not jeopardize the overall finding of reliably increased OR for NRH in preterm children. The present review suggests that a preterm birth is indeed associated with a greater than two-fold likelihood of NRH. Several studies also explored the relationship between handedness and neuropsychological functioning (cognition mainly) with an array of methods. Although not without disagreement, this association was found to be concordant. Studying handedness in preterm children, therefore, is a potentially important index of hemispheric organization and cognitive and sensory–motor functions following neurodevelopmental disturbance.
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| 38. |
- Domellöf, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Health-related quality of life of children and adolescents with functional disabilities in a northern Swedish county
- 2014
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Ingår i: Quality of Life Research. - : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 0962-9343 .- 1573-2649. ; 23:6, s. 1877-1882
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) studies in children and adolescents with disabilities tend to report lower self-reported health than in the typical population. However, reports are not always consistent and HRQoL appears to vary depending on diagnosis, cultural setting and clinical context. The aim of this study was to explore HRQoL in children and adolescents with various disabilities in Västerbotten County, Sweden.METHODS: A total of 175 children and adolescents [57 girls, 118 boys; mean age 11.7 years (range 7-17 years)] divided into four different diagnostic groups (intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, movement disorders and hearing disabilities) participated in the study. The EuroQol Five Dimensions Health Questionnaire, Youth version (EQ-5D-Y) was used as HRQoL measure.RESULTS: Significant differences in various EQ-5D-Y dimensions between the different diagnostic groups were found, but no differences in overall health status. HRQoL in children and adolescents with hearing disabilities was found similar to the typical child population in Sweden whereas children and adolescents with other diagnoses reported evidently more problems.CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that there is an increased risk for children with functional disabilities other than hearing disabilities in northern Sweden to experience difficulties in various health domains and lowered general health.
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| 39. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Impairment severity selectively affects the control of proximaland distal components of reaching movements in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy
- 2009
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Mac Keith Press. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 51:10, s. 807-816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explored proximal-to-distal components during goal-directed reaching movements in children with mild or moderate hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP); [seven females, fourmales;mean age 8y 6mo; SD 27mo], compared with age-matched, typically developing children (seven females, fivemales; mean age 8y 3mo [SD 25mo]. Severity of HCP was assessed following the approach of Claeys et al. Optoelectronic registrations were made during unimanual reaching-to-grasp and reaching-to-hit movements with both the affected non-preferred and unaffected with HCP, particularly those withmoderate impairment, displayed less optimal spatiotemporal organization of movements performed with the affected arm. Compared with the goal to hit, and increasingly with more severe impairment, children with HCP adapted to the goal to grasp by recruiting augmented shoulder movements when reaching with the affected side. A resulting impact on distal kinematics was found in shorter, straighter, and less segmentedmovement paths. Thus, depending on severity of hemispheric lesions and task complexity, unilateral brain injuries in HCPmay selectively affect neural pathways underlying both proximal and distal arm movement control. Levels of both ipsi- and ontralateral activation in relation to side and lesion severity should be considered in future studies on prehension movements in HCP.
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| 40. |
- Domellöf, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Infant manual performance during reaching and grasping for objects moving in depth
- 2015
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few studies have investigated manual performance in infants when reaching and grasping for objects moving in directions other than across the fronto-parallel plane. The present preliminary study explored object-oriented behavioral strategies and side preference in 8- and 10-month-old infants during reaching and grasping for objects approaching in depth from three positions (midline, and 27° diagonally from the left and right). Effects of task constraint by using objects of three different types and two sizes were further examined for behavioral strategies and hand opening prior to grasping. Additionally, assessments of hand preference by a dedicated handedness test were performed. Regardless of object starting position, the 8-month-old infants predominantly displayed right-handed reaches for objects approaching in depth. In contrast, the older infants showed more varied strategies and performed more ipsilateral reaches in correspondence with the side of the approaching object. Conversely, 10-month-old infants were more successful than the younger infants in grasping the objects, independent of object starting position. The findings regarding infant hand use strategies when reaching and grasping for objects moving in depth are similar to those from earlier studies using objects moving along a horizontal path. Still, initiation times of reaching onset were generally long in the present study, indicating that the object motion paths seemingly affected how the infants perceived the intrinsic properties and spatial locations of the objects, possibly with an effect on motor planning. Findings are further discussed in relation to future investigations of infant reaching and grasping for objects approaching in depth.
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| 41. |
- Domellöf, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Kinematic characteristics of second‐order motor planning and performance in 6‐ and 10‐year‐old children and adults : Effects of age and task constraints
- 2020
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Ingår i: Developmental Psychobiology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0012-1630 .- 1098-2302 .- 0012-1649 .- 1939-0599. ; 62:2, s. 250-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explored age‐related differences in motor planning as expressed in arm‐hand kinematics during a sequential peg moving task with varying demands on goal insertion complexity (second‐order planning). The peg was a vertical cylinder with either a circular or semicircular base. The task was to transport the peg between two positions and rotate it various amounts horizontally before fitting into its final position. The amount of rotation required was either 0°, 90°, 180°, or −90°. The reaching for the peg, the displacement of it, and the way the rotation was accomplished was analyzed. Assessments of end state comfort, goal interpretation errors, and type of grip used were also included. Participants were two groups of typically developing children, one younger (Mage = 6.7 years) and one older (Mage = 10.3 years), and one adult group (Mage = 34.9 years). The children, particularly 6‐year‐olds, displayed less efficient prehensile movement organization than adults. Related to less efficient motor planning, 6‐year‐olds, mainly, had shorter reach‐to‐grasp onset latencies, higher velocities, and shorter time to peak velocities, and longer grasp durations than adults. Importantly, the adults rotated the peg during transport. In contrast, the children made corrective rotations after the hand had arrived at the goal.
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| 42. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Kinematic measurement of goal-directed arm movements in children with fetal alcohol syndrome : A preliminary study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 50 (Suppl. 114), Kroatien 5-7 juni, 2008. - : Wiley Online Library. ; , s. 31-32
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Inadequate nutritional status can lead to several preventable developmental disorders. Populations living at high altitude are particularly at risk. Our aim is to contribute to the general knowledge of nutritional status of children in Ladakh.Method: Review of the literature concerning nutritional status in micronutrients, especially among children living in the Himalayan regions.Results: Iodine deficiency is the most common cause in the world of preventable learning disability*. Although the extension of severe endemic areas has been reduced, it is estimated that around 200 million people in the world are still living in remote places at risk of severe iodine deficiency. A recent survey in the ‘sub-Himalayan goiter belt’ indicates that iodine deficiency continues to threaten the health of this population.Studies in the Kashmir Valley found that, despite abundant sunlight, vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a well-known cause of child morbidity and mortality and of visual defect. In India, 52,000 children go blind every year on account of VAD, and vitamin A supplementation programs are ongoing. VAD and iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) often coexist in vulnerable groups. In Africa it was shown that in IDD- and VAD-affected children receiving iodized salt and concurrent vitamin A supplementation improves iodine efficacy. In the Tibet Autonomous Region the nutritional status of children is deficient in proteins, iodine, selenium, calcium, and vitamins A and D. Interaction between iron and VAD is well known as well.Conclusions: To our knowledge, data concerning nutritional status of children living in Ladakh are lacking. Micronutrient deficiency is a public health concern that has lead to supplementation programmes. As interactions between several micronutrients have been evidenced, more integrated, multifaceted programmes are needed. Despite significant progress in many regions, continuing efforts are needed to reach underserved populations.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Prefrontal engagement during sequential manual actions in children at early adolescence compared with adults
- 2020
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Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In everyday behavior, we perform numerous goal-directed manual tasks that contain a sequence of actions. However, knowledge is limited regarding developmental aspects of predictive control mechanisms in such tasks, particularly with regard to brain activations supporting sequential manual actions in children. We investigated these issues in typically developing children at early adolescence (11–14 years) compared with previously collected data from adults. While lying in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, the participants steered a cursor on a computer screen towards sequentially presented targets using a hand-held manipulandum. The next target was either revealed after completion of the ongoing target (one-target condition), in which case forthcoming movements could not be planned ahead, or displayed in advance (two-target condition), which allowed the use of a predictive control strategy. The adults completed more targets in the two- than one-target condition, displaying an efficient predictive control strategy. The children, in contrast, completed fewer targets in the two- than one-target condition, and difficulties implementing a predictive strategy were found due to a limited capacity to inhibit premature movements. Brain areas with increased activation in children, compared with the adults, included prefrontal and posterior parietal regions, suggesting an increased demand for higher-level cognitive processing in the children due to inhibitory challenges. Thus, regarding predictive mechanisms during sequential manual tasks, crucial development likely occurs beyond early adolescence. This is at a later age than what has previously been reported from other manual tasks, suggesting that predictive phase transitions are difficult to master.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Relations between cognitive performance and movement organization in preterm children at 6 to 8 years old
- 2011
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 53 (Suppl. s3). - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0012-1622. ; , s. 45-45
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To explore the relations between cognitive performance and spatio-temporal organization of upper-body movements in preterm children at school age compared with full-term peers.Background: Neuromotor disabilities and lowered cognitive performance are frequently reported in school-aged preterm children. A few studies have also reported associations between intelligence and motor skill outcomes in this population as assessed by standardized test batteries. At present, however, there is no knowledge of how measures of intelligence relate to more refined measurements of movement quality in preterm children.Design/Method: In the present study, performance on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition (WISC-IV) was related to optoelectronic registrations (ProReflex, Qualisys Inc.) of arm movement performance during a unimanual precision task in a sample of preterm children at 6 to 8 years (n=31) compared with typically developing full-term children (n=36).Results: A significant group effect was revealed for Fullscale IQ, indicating poorer overall performance on the WISC-IV by preterm (mean 95.1) than full-term (mean 103.5) participants. The same pattern was apparent for both the Verbal and Performance indexes and the majority of the sub-tests. Correlation analyses were performed to test the associations between cognitive performance and spatiotemporal movement parameters. Several findings emerged from this procedure and will be presented, including significant relations between Full-scale IQ and movement segmentation at both the proximal and distal level in preterm but not full-term participants.Conclusions: Measures of WISC-IV appear significantly associated with kinematic outcome measures in schoolaged preterm children in terms of better cognitive performance being linked with better movement organization. The same associations were not seen in the age- and sexmatched full-term group. This type of investigation adds to the understanding of relations between cognitive and motor performance in the context of movement organization, coordination, and control depending on birth history.
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- Domellöf, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Sequential upper-limb action planning in children with autism spectrum disorder : a kinematic pilot study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Mac Keith Press. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 60:S2, s. 34-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Recent research on sensory-motor skill in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggest that problems with planning sequential actions may explain difficulties with motor execution in this population. The present pilot study investigated upper-limb movement kinematics during a goal-directed manual task requiring sequential action planning in children with and without ASD at 6-7 years.Patients and method: 3D kinematic recordings of performance with the preferred arm/hand during a sequential peg moving task with varying complexity of goal insertion (five endpoint conditions, open/revealed goal presentation) were carried out in 3 children with ASD (2 girls, mean age 6.3 years) and 3 typically developing children (3 girls, mean age 7 years). End state comfort and trial errors were also assessed.Results: Preliminary analyses of whole movement spatiotemporal segmentation (movement units, MUs) at trial level revealed significant main effects for group and endpoint condition. Overall, children with ASD consistently performed less proficiently (more MUs) than controls for all conditions across hand/arm and head. Independent of group, all children displayed increased MUs for the more complex endpoints. Children with ASD also showed evidently poorer planning behavior (less end state comfort and increased trial errors) than controls.Conclusion: Findings suggest difficulties with sequential movement planning in children with ASD in terms of suboptimal movement organization together with reduced end state comfort and inaccurate goal interpretations. In contrast to controls, children with ASD did not seem to have planned the onward action prior to action execution, contributing to the observed less proficient movement kinematics.
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