| 1. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Key Characteristics of Cardiovascular Toxicants
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 129:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The concept of chemical agents having properties that confer potential hazard called key characteristics (KCs) was first developed to identify carcinogenic hazards. Identification of KCs of cardiovascular (CV) toxicants could facilitate the systematic assessment of CV hazards and understanding of assay and data gaps associated with current approaches. OBJECTIVES: We sought to develop a consensus-based synthesis of scientific evidence on the KCs of chemical and nonchemical agents known to cause CV toxicity along with methods to measure them. METHODS: An expert working group was convened to discuss mechanisms associated with CV toxicity. RESULTS: The group identified 12 KCs of CV toxicants, defined as exogenous agents that adversely interfere with function of the CV system. The KCs were organized into those primarily affecting cardiac tissue (numbers 1-4 below), the vascular system (5-7), or both (8-12), as follows: 1) impairs regulation of cardiac excitability, 2) impairs cardiac contractility and relaxation, 3) induces cardiomyocyte injury and death, 4) induces proliferation of valve stroma, 5) impacts endothelial and vascular function, 6) alters hemostasis, 7) causes dyslipidemia, 8) impairs mitochondrial function, 9) modifies autonomic nervous system activity, 10) induces oxidative stress, 11) causes inflammation, and 12) alters hormone signaling. DISCUSSION: These 12 KCs can be used to help identify pharmaceuticals and environmental pollutants as CV toxicants, as well as to better understand the mechanistic underpinnings of their toxicity. For example, evidence exists that fine particulate matter [PM <= 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)] air pollution, arsenic, anthracycline drugs, and other exogenous chemicals possess one or more of the described KCs. In conclusion, the KCs could be used to identify potential CV toxicants and to define a set of test methods to evaluate CV toxicity in a more comprehensive and standardized manner than current approaches.
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| 2. |
- Alavi, Fatemeh Sadat, et al.
(författare)
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QM/MM Study of the Conversion of Oxophlorin into Verdoheme by Heme Oxygenase
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 121:51, s. 11427-11436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heme oxygenase is an enzyme that degrades heme, thereby recycling iron in most organisms, including humans. Pervious density functional theory (DFT) calculations have suggested that iron(III) hydroxyheme, an intermediate generated in the first step of heme degradation by heme oxygenase, is converted to iron(III) superoxo oxophlorin in the presence of dioxygen. In this article, we have studied the detailed mechanism of conversion of iron(III) superoxo oxophlorin to verdoheme by using combined quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations. The calculations employed the B3LYP method and the def2-QZVP basis set, considering dispersion effects with the DFT-D3 approach, obtaining accurate energies with large QM regions of almost 1000 atoms. The reaction was found to be exothermic by -35 kcal/mol, with a rate-determining barrier of 19 kcal/mol in the doublet state. The protein environment and especially water in the enzyme pocket significantly affects the reaction by decreasing the reaction activation energies and changing the structures by providing strategic hydrogen bonds.
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| 3. |
- Duncan, Rebecca
(författare)
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'My Skin, a Parchment of Tales' : Trauma, Wounding and the Postapartheid Gothic in Terry Westby-Nunn's Sea of Wise Insects
- 2013
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Ingår i: Current Writing. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1013-929X .- 2159-9130. ; 25:1, s. 76-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, I read Terry Westby-Nunn's The Sea of Wise Insects as an example of the literary mode identified increasingly by scholars as South African postcolonial Gothic. In line with existing research, I work from a definition of the gothic genre which casts it as highly culturally specific and shaped by the anxieties of the society in which it arises. In Westby-Nunn's narrative these fears are enmeshed in the South African past, and revolve, more specifically, around the extent to which history's bearing on the present has become a dangerous point of repression. My argument traces a transgenerational logic of traumatic transmission, which situates the unspoken crimes of an old generation at the psychic nerve-centre of Westby-Nunn's contemporary protagonist, a strategy which disrupts any illusion of a stable boundary between the injustice of ‘then’ and the liberation of ‘now’. Finally, I suggest that through the deployment of an aesthetic which draws on the gothic sub-genre of horror-writing, Westby-Nunn develops a narrative which, to paraphrase Tabish Khair, does not operate “only in words”. Instead, the text relies in part on visceral reader reactions so that the novel admits of silence in a way that avoids replicating the exclusionary logic underpinning the institutionalised discrimination in South Africa's history.
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| 4. |
- Duncan, Rebecca
(författare)
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Planetary Gothic : An Invitation
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Edinburgh Companion to Globalgothic. - Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press. - 9781399510585 - 9781399510608 ; , s. 485-494
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Duncan, Rebecca
(författare)
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Shades of Dissent : Notes on Haunting in South African Literary History
- 2017
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Ingår i: Routledge Handbook to the Ghost Story. - London : Routledge. - 9781138184763 - 9781315644417
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter suggests encountering gradations—or, perhaps more appropriately, shades—of dissent. It explores the idea in respect of haunting figures emergent across the twentieth century in South African literatures. The tale of South African politics is, Antjie Krog suggests, something akin to a haunted house: narratives of liberal empire—elaborately extended as apartheid from the middle of the twentieth century—are populated by restless, revenant things. To read Perceval Gibbon’s ghost stories as haunted by that which their imperial premises cannot acknowledge is to engage in a particular historical praxis. The ability of the ghost to interrupt ‘modern’ knowledges becomes especially important if it is considered that, in South Africa, the epistemologies have unfolded with the processes of imperial expansion. Discourses inherited from Enlightenment modernity inform British imperial governance, and they live on as the founding premise of apartheid rule, which began with the election of the National Party in 1948.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Duncan, Rebecca
(författare)
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South African Gothic
- 2019
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Ingår i: Twenty-First-Century Gothic. - Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press. - 9781474440929 - 9781474440950 - 9781474440943 ; , s. 233-248
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Duncan, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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The Emergency Has Already Happened
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - : White Horse Press. - 0967-3407 .- 1752-7023. ; 29:4, s. 476-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Duncan, Rebecca
(författare)
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Writing Ecological Revolution from Millennial South Africa : History, Nature and the Postapartheid Present
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ariel. - : Johns Hopkins University Press. - 0004-1327. ; 51:4, s. 65-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article does two key things. Firstly, it offers a perspective on histories of South African political economy refracted through the lens of "world-ecological" thinking (Moore, Capitalism 2-5). It maps the organisations of institutionalised apartheid and the liberal democracy that has succeeded it in terms of capital's cyclical regimentations of nature. This approach sheds new light on the entanglements of politics, economics, and environments, which, in specific ways over the course of the twentieth century and into the millennial present, have shaped and characterised unevenness in South Africa. Secondly, in light of these ideas, the article considers Zinaid Meeran's Tanuki Ichiban (2012), Henrietta Rose-Innes' Nineveh (2011), and Lauren Beukes' Maryland (2008), twenty-first-century texts exemplary of an increasingly prominent "speculative" impulse in contemporary South African literary production. I situate the extraordinary human and extra-human vocabularies of these fictions as responsive to shifting historical constructions of "Nature" in neoliberalising South Africa. I further argue that the narratives are sensitive to the structures of these historical and ongoing regimentations-to how they concatenate and overlay one another in the millennial present. Finally, I suggest that with recourse to speculative poetics, the texts seek to offer alternative conceptual vocabularies to those from which systematic violences continue to proceed.
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| 10. |
- Lejon, Kjell O., 1958-
(författare)
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President Barack Obama och Gud
- 2009
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Ingår i: Svensk Pastoraltidskrift. - Uppsala : Svensk Pastoraltidskrift-Kyrkligt forum. - 0039-6699. ; :5
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 11. |
- Lejon, Kjell O., Professor, 1958-
(författare)
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Protestant, evangelisk, reformert?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Svensk Pastoraltidskrift. - Uppsala, Sweden : Stiftelsen Kyrkligt Forum. - 0039-6699. ; 62:2, s. 37-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- I denna artikel reder författaren ut de tre begreppen »protestant, evangelisk, reformert» alltifrån när de först kom till användning och etablerades till hur deras teologiska karaktär påverkar i dag. Så var exempelvis en gång begreppet »protestant» mindre en markering mot det romerska och mer mot vad de evangeliska såg som svärmeri. Eller för att nämna vad som är mer aktuellt, att vi i Svenska kyrkan i dag ser ett ökat inflytande från reformert tänkande. Men vad händer då med vår kyrka? Författaren är professor i teologi vid Linköpings universitet och intill nyligen rektor för Johannelunds teologiska högskola.
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| 12. |
- Lind Pantzare, Anna, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Are the influences from social and political agents beneficial and a necessity in the development and validation of educational assessments?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Social and Political underpinnings of educational assessment: Past, present and future. - : AEA-Europe. ; , s. 149-150
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to produce sound and valid tests with respect to the Standards (American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education, 2014) there are a lot of issues to consider and take into account. Especially when developing tests on a national level. In addition, there are often several stakeholders having an ambition to influence the tests in different directions. Sometimes these stakeholders agree, but often their requests are diametrically opposed and it is not unusual that the requests are not in line with a good measurement practice. In the midst are the test developing organisations, commissioned to develop products that are valid in relation to the aim/aims for the test and therefore being developed within a sound measurement practice but also accepted by all users.As described in the theme for the conference this external influence from stakeholders on the tests is immense and sometimes described as only negative. Often there are politicians who uses educational assessments, like national tests or exams, to control the school system on the one hand but on the other hand using the tests to implement changes. At the same time the politicians are sensitive to reactions from the teachers, parents and other stakeholders since they are important groups of voters. In Sweden the debate is at the moment focused on the large number of national tests and the workload they entails to teachers but also students. In a recently published government-appointed inquiry (SOU 2016:25, 2016) it is suggested that the number of national tests should be reduced, that the remaining tests should be less extensive and that the tests should be easier to administer and mark, which probably will affect the validity of the tests.These external influences could, from a test developing perspective, be seen as problematic since it often introduces (rapid) changes of the tests. On the other hand, one could argue that these external influences are necessary prerequisites to have an ongoing process in order to develop the tests so that they become even more cost effective, valid and seen as valuable for the users.We think it would be interesting to discuss this complex system of, on the one hand, social and political agents trying to influence and change the national assessment systems and, on the other hand, the test developing organisations aiming to develop assessments that are valid. But at the same time these organisations are dependent of getting resources from the agents to fulfil the commission, which might affect which changes that are implemented and not.This is a proposal for a discussion group based on the broad question posed as title. Below we have specified some themes that would be interesting to discuss getting perspectives from different countries and testing systems.How are the products, i.e. the tests, and the processes developing the tests affected by the influences from different social and political agents?Are there stakeholders having greater impact, and if there are, is it a necessity or a risk? Why How?Finally, is it maybe necessary to have this continuous external validation of the tests in order to develop, strengthen and legitimise them or does it “ruin the work”?
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Mantovani, G, et al.
(författare)
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Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment of Pseudohypoparathyroidism and Related Disorders: An Updated Practical Tool for Physicians and Patients
- 2020
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Ingår i: Hormone research in paediatrics. - : S. Karger AG. - 1663-2826 .- 1663-2818. ; 93:3, s. 182-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients affected by pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) or related disorders are characterized by physical findings that may include brachydactyly, a short stature, a stocky build, early-onset obesity, ectopic ossifications, and neurodevelopmental deficits, as well as hormonal resistance most prominently to parathyroid hormone (PTH). In addition to these alterations, patients may develop other hormonal resistances, leading to overt or subclinical hypothyroidism, hypogonadism and growth hormone (GH) deficiency, impaired growth without measurable evidence for hormonal abnormalities, type 2 diabetes, and skeletal issues with potentially severe limitation of mobility. PHP and related disorders are primarily clinical diagnoses. Given the variability of the clinical, radiological, and biochemical presentation, establishment of the molecular diagnosis is of critical importance for patients. It facilitates management, including prevention of complications, screening and treatment of endocrine deficits, supportive measures, and appropriate genetic counselling. Based on the first international consensus statement for these disorders, this article provides an updated and ready-to-use tool to help physicians and patients outlining relevant interventions and their timing. A life-long coordinated and multidisciplinary approach is recommended, starting as far as possible in early infancy and continuing throughout adulthood with an appropriate and timely transition from pediatric to adult care.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Salgado-Somoza, Antonio, et al.
(författare)
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Non-coding RNAs to aid in neurological prognosis after cardiac arrest
- 2018
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Ingår i: Non-coding RNA. - : MDPI AG. - 2311-553X. ; 4:4
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiovascular disease in general, and sudden cardiac death in particular, have an enormous socio-economic burden worldwide. Despite significant efforts to improve cardiopulmonary resuscitation, survival rates remain low. Moreover, patients who survive to hospital discharge have a high risk of developing severe physical or neurological symptoms. Being able to predict outcomes after resuscitation from cardiac arrest would make it possible to tailor healthcare approaches, thereby maximising efforts for those who would mostly benefit from aggressive therapy. However, the identification of patients at risk of poor recovery after cardiac arrest is still a challenging task which could be facilitated by novel biomarkers. Recent investigations have recognised the potential of non-coding RNAs to aid in outcome prediction after cardiac arrest. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries and propose a handful of novel perspectives for the use of non-coding RNAs to predict outcome after cardiac arrest, discussing their use for precision medicine.
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| 18. |
- Spång, Mikael
(författare)
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Kommunernas ansvar för att förverkliga mänskliga rättigheter - en kartläggning av 16 kommuner i Sverige
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta är en kartläggning av arbetet med mänskliga rättigheter i 16 kommuner. Förutom att kartlägga arbetet med mänskliga rättigheter har syftet med undersökningen också varit att identifiera och bidra till spridningen av goda exempel och att diskutera problem och möjligheter i arbetet med mänskliga rättigheter på kommunal nivå. Kommunerna har valts ut på basis av en Sifo-undersökning som genomfördes 2006. De kommuner som angivit att de både har personer som är ansvariga för mänskliga rättigheter och att mänskliga rättigheter nämns i budget har valts ut. Grunden för urvalet är att tidigare studier av arbete med mänskliga rättigheter lagt vikt vid behovet att det finns personella och ekonomiska resurser avsatta för arbetet. I kommunerna har tjänstemän och förtroendevalda intervjuats och tillgänglig dokumentation har studerats. Kartläggningen visar att mänskliga rättigheter inte används som ett direkt paraplybegrepp för att begreppsliggöra verksamheten i kommunerna, samtidigt som det ofta betonas att kommunernas ansvar på en rad områden har att göra med mänskliga rättigheter. Det gäller inte minst på grund av den centrala ställning som diskrimineringsförbuden och likabehandlingsskyldigheten har, men också eftersom huvuddelen av kommunens åtaganden och uppgifter har att göra med förverkligandet av sociala och ekonomiska rättigheter. I centrala styrdokument brukar värden och normer som allas lika värde och likabehandling förekomma och i flera av kommunerna är också barnperspektivet, funktionshindrades rättigheter, jämställdhet och mångfald nämnt som övergripande perspektiv, tänkta att genomsyra alla kommunens verksamheter. I en del fall är det också tydligt hur dessa övergripande målsättningar bryts ner i mål för nämnder och förvaltningar, men rättighetsperspektivet är vanligtvis implicit snarare än explicit. Överlag är människorättsarbetet inriktat på specifika perspektiv och grupper. I särklass vanligast är att arbeta med barns och ungas situation i termer av mänskliga rättigheter, men det finns också med på ett tydligt sätt i arbete med mångfald och jämställdhet liksom när det gäller funktionshindrades situation och våld i nära relationer. I flera av kommunerna finns ett mer utvecklat människorättsarbete där rättighetsperspektivet är tydligt och ett rättighetsbaserat arbetssätt används. Det finns flera exempel på projekt där man arbetat med att göra dem som berörs av policier delaktiga i att ta fram dem samt klargöra utgångspunkter och fokus för projekten. Det gäller inte minst flera av de projekt som rör barns rättigheter. Det finns också exempel på målformuleringar och prioriteringar med en tydlig rättighetsfokus i de projekt där mänskliga rättigheter är en explicit grund för desamma. Integrering i ordinarie verksamhet betonas i flera projekt, exempelvis 3 kring bemötande och verksamhetsutveckling. Särskilt tydligt är integreringsperspektivet i arbete med jämställdhet, men det finns även med när det gäller mångfald och funktionshinder. I flera av de exempel där mänskliga rättigheter utgör en grundläggande utgångspunkt för verksamheten har man också arbetat med uppföljningar och utvärderingar på ett tydligt och systematiskt sätt. I det sammanhanget finns exempel på en rad metoder som framstår som särskilt användbara, exempelvis kollegial granskning. Bland de problem som är tydliga märks inte minst kunskapsbrist och organisatoriska problem. Politisk vilja anses vara ett mindre problem, vilket naturligtvis mycket väl kan hänga samman med urvalet av kommuner. I några av kommunerna nämns att brist på ekonomiska resurser är ett grundläggande problem, men överlag anses det inte vara det stora problemet. Bland organisatoriska problem märks svårigheter att arbeta med tvärsektoriella perspektiv i kommunernas sektorsorganisation och därmed frågor om ansvar för genomförande och att få genomslag i den ordinarie verksamheten. Bland kunskapsproblemen märks inte minst behovet av att arbeta med mänskliga rättigheter i förhållande till och utifrån den ordinarie verksamheten. Även kunskap om rättigheters innebörd och förhållandet mellan mänskliga rättigheter och andra tvärsektoriella perspektiv, såsom demokrati, mångfald och jämställdhet, nämns som viktiga frågor. Med utgångspunkt i kartläggningen rekommenderas (1) att mänskliga rättigheter förankras tydligt i övergripande styrdokument och budget, (2) att rättighetsperspektivet klargörs och att man härvidlag lägger vikt vid möjligheterna för invånare att använda och hävda rättigheter, (3) att organisatoriska frågor som rör tvärsektoriell samverkan uppmärksammas liksom behovet av integrering i ordinarie verksamhet samt (4) att kunskapsproblemen uppmärksammas, särskilt rörande användningen av mänskliga rättigheter för att reflektera över den egna verksamheten på ett konkret plan.
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| 19. |
- Strömwall, Leif, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Inside Criminal Minds: Offenders’ Strategies when Lying
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profliling. - : Wiley. - 1544-4767 .- 1544-4759. ; 8:3, s. 271-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed at extending the deception literature by examining lie-telling strategies given by persons with criminal experience. In interviews taking place in prisons, offenders (N = 35) provided lie-telling strategies in a free narrative style. In an inductive content analysis, we coded both all strategies provided as well as one principal strategy for each participant. In total 13 strategies were identified, which were grouped into three broader category groups: General verbal, General nonverbal and Specific interview strategies. The most often stated strategies were Close to truth, Eye contact, and No strategy. The most often stated principal strategies were Close to truth, Not giving away information, and No strategy. Some participants provided strategies, such as not giving away information at all in interviews/interrogations, which showed a sophisticated understanding of the police interview situation and the task of the police and prosecutor. Overall, the participants showed great diversity in preferred lie-telling strategy. The results are partly in line with previous research from student samples, and provide new insights into the criminally experienced individuals’ lie-telling strategies. The results are discussed with regard to impression and information management and police interrogation practice.
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