| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Szidat, S, et al.
(författare)
-
Fossil and non-fossil sources of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in Goteborg, Sweden
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.. ; 8, s. 16255-16289
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Particulate matter was collected at an urban site in G¨oteborg (Sweden) in February/ March 2005 and in June/July 2006. Additional samples were collected at a rural site for the winter period. Elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), water-insoluble OC (WINSOC), and water-soluble OC (WSOC) were analyzed for 14C in order to distinguish fossil from non-fossil emissions. As wood burning is the single major source of non-fossil EC, its contribution can be quantified directly. For non-fossil OC, the wood burning fraction was determined independently by levoglucosan and 14C analysis and combined using Latin-hypercube sampling (LHS). For the winter period, the relative contribution of EC from wood burning to the total EC was >3 times higher at the rural site compared to the urban site, whereas the absolute concentrations of EC from wood burning were comparable at both sites. Thus, the urban site is substantially more influenced by fossil EC emissions. For summer, biogenic emissions dominated OC concentrations most likely due to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. During both seasons, a more pronounced fossil signal was observed for Go¨teborg than has previously been reported for Zurich, Switzerland. Analysis of air mass origin using back trajectories suggests that the fossil impact was larger when local sources dominated, whereas long-range transport caused an enhanced non-fossil signal. In comparison to other European locations, concentrations of levoglucosan and other monosaccharide anhydrides were low for the urban and the rural site in the area of Go¨teborg during winter. The comparison of summer and winter results provides insight into the annual cycle of anthropogenic vs. biogenic contributions to the atmospheric aerosol.
|
|
| 4. |
- Szidat, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Fossil and non-fossil sources of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in Göteborg, Sweden
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 9:5, s. 1521-1535
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Particulate matter was collected at an urban site in Göteborg (Sweden) in February/March 2005 and in June/July 2006. Additional samples were collected at a rural site for the winter period. Total carbon (TC) concentrations were 2.1–3.6μgm−3, 1.8–1.9μgm−3, and 2.2– 3.0μgm−3 for urban/winter, rural/winter, and urban/summer conditions, respectively. Elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), water-insoluble OC (WINSOC), and watersoluble OC (WSOC) were analyzed for 14C in order to distinguish fossil from non-fossil emissions. As wood burning is the single major source of non-fossil EC, its contribution can be quantified directly. For non-fossil OC, the wood-burning fraction was determined independently by levoglucosan and 14C analysis and combined using Latin-hypercube sampling (LHS). For the winter period, the relative contribution of EC from wood burning to the total EC was >3 times higher at the rural site compared to the urban site, whereas the absolute concentrations of EC from wood burning were elevated only moderately at the rural compared to the urban site. Thus, the urban site is substantially more influenced by fossil EC emissions. For summer, biogenic emissions dominated OC concentrations most likely due to secondary organic aerosol(SOA) formation. During both seasons, a more pronounced fossil signal was observed for G¨oteborg than has previously been reported for Zurich, Switzerland. Analysis of air mass origin using back trajectories suggests that the fossil impact was larger when local sources dominated, whereas longrange transport caused an enhanced non-fossil signal. In comparison to other European locations, concentrations of levoglucosan and other monosaccharide anhydrides were low for the urban and the rural site in the area of G¨oteborg during winter.
|
|
| 5. |
- Yttri, K. E., et al.
(författare)
-
Elemental and organic carbon in PM10 : a one year measurement campaign within the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme EMEP
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 7:22, s. 5711-5725
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, ambient aerosol (PM10) concentrations of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and total carbon (TC) are reported for 12 European rural background sites and two urban background sites following a one-year (1 July 2002 & ndash;1 July 2003) sampling campaign within the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme, EMEP (http://www.emep.int/). The purpose of the campaign was to assess the feasibility of performing EC and OC monitoring on a regular basis and to obtain an overview of the spatial and seasonal variability on a regional scale in Europe. Analyses were performed using the thermal-optical transmission (TOT) instrument from Sunset Lab Inc., operating according to a NIOSH derived temperature program. The annual mean mass concentration of EC ranged from 0.17 +/- 0.19 mu G m(-3) (mean +/- SD) at Birkenes (Norway) to 1.83 +/- 1.32 mu g m(-3) at Ispra (Italy). The corresponding range for OC was 1.20 +/- 1.29 mu g m(-3) at Mace Head (Ireland) to 7.79 +/- 6.80 mu g m-3 at Ispra. On average, annual concentrations of EC, OC, and TC were three times higher for rural background sites in Central, Eastern and Southern Europe compared to those situated in the Northern and Western parts of Europe. Wintertime concentrations of EC and OC were higher than those recorded during summer for the majority of the sites. Moderate to high Pearson correlation coefficients (r(p)) (0.50-0.94) were observed for EC versus OC for the sites investigated. The lowest correlation coefficients were noted for the three Scandinavian sites: Aspvreten (SE), Birkenes (NO), and Virolahti (FI), and the Slovakian site Stara Lesna, and are suggested to reflect biogenic sources, wild and prescribed fires. This suggestion is supported by the fact that higher concentrations of OC are observed for summer compared to winter for these sites. For the rural background sites, total carbonaceous material accounted for 30 +/- 9% of PM10, of which 27 +/- 9% could be attributed to organic matter (OM) and 3.4 +/- 1.0% to elemental matter (EM). OM was found to be more abundant than SO42- for sites reporting both parameters.
|
|
