| 1. |
- Emerging Risk Factors, Collaboration, et al.
(författare)
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The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration: analysis of individual data on lipid, inflammatory and other markers in over 1.1 million participants in 104 prospective studies of cardiovascular diseases
- 2007
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Ingår i: Eur J Epidemiol. - 0393-2990. ; 22:12, s. 839-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many long-term prospective studies have reported on associations of cardiovascular diseases with circulating lipid markers and/or inflammatory markers. Studies have not, however, generally been designed to provide reliable estimates under different circumstances and to correct for within-person variability. The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration has established a central database on over 1.1 million participants from 104 prospective population-based studies, in which subsets have information on lipid and inflammatory markers, other characteristics, as well as major cardiovascular morbidity and cause-specific mortality. Information on repeat measurements on relevant characteristics has been collected in approximately 340,000 participants to enable estimation of and correction for within-person variability. Re-analysis of individual data will yield up to approximately 69,000 incident fatal or nonfatal first ever major cardiovascular outcomes recorded during about 11.7 million person years at risk. The primary analyses will involve age-specific regression models in people without known baseline cardiovascular disease in relation to fatal or nonfatal first ever coronary heart disease outcomes. This initiative will characterize more precisely and in greater detail than has previously been possible the shape and strength of the age- and sex-specific associations of several lipid and inflammatory markers with incident coronary heart disease outcomes (and, secondarily, with other incident cardiovascular outcomes) under a wide range of circumstances. It will, therefore, help to determine to what extent such associations are independent from possible confounding factors and to what extent such markers (separately and in combination) provide incremental predictive value.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Danesh, John, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma fibrinogen level and the risk of major cardiovascular diseases and nonvascular mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis
- 2005
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Ingår i: JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1538-3598 .- 0098-7484. ; 294:14, s. 1799-1809
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Plasma fibrinogen levels may be associated with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationships of fibrinogen levels with risk of major vascular and with risk of nonvascular outcomes based on individual participant data. DATA SOURCES: Relevant studies were identified by computer-assisted searches, hand searches of reference lists, and personal communication with relevant investigators. STUDY SELECTION: All identified prospective studies were included with information available on baseline fibrinogen levels and details of subsequent major vascular morbidity and/or cause-specific mortality during at least 1 year of follow-up. Studies were excluded if they recruited participants on the basis of having had a previous history of cardiovascular disease; participants with known preexisting CHD or stroke were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION: Individual records were provided on each of 154,211 participants in 31 prospective studies. During 1.38 million person-years of follow-up, there were 6944 first nonfatal myocardial infarctions or stroke events and 13,210 deaths. Cause-specific mortality was generally available. Analyses involved proportional hazards modeling with adjustment for confounding by known cardiovascular risk factors and for regression dilution bias. DATA SYNTHESIS: Within each age group considered (40-59, 60-69, and > or =70 years), there was an approximately log-linear association with usual fibrinogen level for the risk of any CHD, any stroke, other vascular (eg, non-CHD, nonstroke) mortality, and nonvascular mortality. There was no evidence of a threshold within the range of usual fibrinogen level studied at any age. The age- and sex- adjusted hazard ratio per 1-g/L increase in usual fibrinogen level for CHD was 2.42 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.24-2.60); stroke, 2.06 (95% CI, 1.83-2.33); other vascular mortality, 2.76 (95% CI, 2.28-3.35); and nonvascular mortality, 2.03 (95% CI, 1.90-2.18). The hazard ratios for CHD and stroke were reduced to about 1.8 after further adjustment for measured values of several established vascular risk factors. In a subset of 7011 participants with available C-reactive protein values, the findings for CHD were essentially unchanged following additional adjustment for C-reactive protein. The associations of fibrinogen level with CHD or stroke did not differ substantially according to sex, smoking, blood pressure, blood lipid levels, or several features of study design. CONCLUSIONS: In this large individual participant meta-analysis, moderately strong associations were found between usual plasma fibrinogen level and the risks of CHD, stroke, other vascular mortality, and nonvascular mortality in a wide range of circumstances in healthy middle-aged adults. Assessment of any causal relevance of elevated fibrinogen levels to disease requires additional research.
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| 4. |
- Lamalle, P. U., et al.
(författare)
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Expanding the operating space of ICRF on JET with a view to ITER
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 46:2, s. 391-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on ITER-relevant ion cyclotron resonance frequency (ICRF) physics investigated on JET in 2003 and early 2004. Minority heating of helium three in hydrogen plasmas-(He-3)H-was systematically explored by varying the 3 He concentration and the toroidal phasing of the antenna arrays. The best heating performance (a maximum electron temperature of 6.2 keV with 5 MW of ICRF power) was obtained with a preferential wave launch in the direction of the plasma current. A clear experimental demonstration was made of the sharp and reproducible transition to the mode conversion heating regime when the 3 He concentration increased above similar to 2%. In the latter regime the best heating performance (a maximum electron temperature of 8 keV with 5 MW of ICRF power) was achieved with dipole array phasing, i.e. a symmetric antenna power spectrum. Minority heating of deuterium in hydrogen plasmas-(D)H-was also investigated but was found inaccessible because this scenario is too sensitive to impurity ions with Z/A = 1/2 such as C6+, small amounts of which directly lead into the mode conversion regime. Minority heating of up to 3% of tritium in deuterium plasmas was systematically investigated during the JET trace tritium experimental campaign (TTE). This required operating JET at its highest possible magnetic field (3.9 to 4 T) and the ICRF system at its lowest frequency (23 MHz). The interest of this scenario for ICRF heating at these low concentrations and its efficiency at boosting the suprathermal neutron yield were confirmed, and the measured neutron and gammay ray spectra permit interesting comparisons with advanced ICRF code simulations. Investigations of finite Larmor radius effects on the RF-induced high-energy tails during second harmonic (omega = 2 omega(c)) heating of a hydrogen minority in D plasmas clearly demonstrated a strong decrease in the RF diffusion coefficient at proton energies similar to 1 MeV in agreement with theoretical expectations. Fast wave heating and current drive experiments in deuterium plasmas showed effective direct electron heating with dipole phasing of the antennas, but only small changes of the central plasma current density were observed with the directive phasings, in particular at low single pass damping. New investigations of the heating efficiency of ICRF antennas confirmed its strong dependence on the parallel wavenumber spectrum. Advances in topics of a more technological nature are also summarized: ELM studies using fast RF measurements, the successful experimental demonstration of a new ELM-tolerant antenna matching scheme and technical enhancements planned on the JET ICRF system for 2006, they being equally strongly driven by the preparation for ITER.
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| 5. |
- Boden, K., et al.
(författare)
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Swallowing and respiratory pattern in young healthy individuals recorded with high temporal resolution
- 2009
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Ingår i: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley. - 1350-1925 .- 1365-2982. ; 21:11, s. 1163-1163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- P>The coordination of swallowing and respiration is essential for a safe swallow. Swallowing consists of several subsecond events. To study this, it is important to use modalities with high temporal resolution. In this study, we have examined young healthy individuals with simultaneous videofluoroscopy, videomanometry and respiratory recording, all with high temporal resolution. The onset of 13 predetermined swallowing and respiratory events and the surrounding respiratory phase pattern were studied in different body positions and during different respiratory drives. An increased respiratory drive was induced by breathing 5% CO2. The results demonstrated a highly repeatable and fixed temporal coordination of the swallowing pattern despite body position and respiratory drive. Previous studies have demonstrated a period of centrally controlled apnoea during swallowing. This apnoea period has a variable length, varying from 1 to 5 s. During increased respiratory drive, we could demonstrate a significantly shorter period of apnoea during swallowing, mainly due to an earlier resumption of respiration. The high temporal recordings in this study have revealed that swallowing during expiration is present basically in all healthy individuals. This swallowing respiratory pattern seems to be appropriate for a safe swallow. This knowledge will be used as a reference for future studies on how swallowing and respiratory coordination might be altered due to ageing and diseases.
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| 6. |
- Brucas, R., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic anisotropy and evolution of ground-state domain structures in bcc Fe81Ni19/Co(001) superlattices
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : The American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 78:2, s. 024421-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The magnetic anisotropy and evolution of striped magnetic domain structures in bcc Fe81Ni19/Co(001) superlattices with the total thickness ranging from 85 to 1370 nm has been studied by magneto-optical Kerr effect and magnetic force microscopy. At a thickness of about 85 nm [25 bilayers (BL)] the domains appear as stripe domains, typical for perpendicular anisotropy films, with the weak cubic anisotropy of the in-plane magnetization component stabilizing the stripe direction. The magnetic domain period strongly depends on the thickness of the superlattice. As the thickness increases, the equilibrium magnetization orients at oblique angles with respect to the film plane and continuously varies with the thickness from in-plane to out-of-plane. We first apply a simple phenomenological model which correctly predicts the transition from in-plane to out-of-plane magnetization as well as increasing domain period and saturation field with increasing BL number. The results indicate the presence of partial flux-closure domains at the film surface with the tilt angle continuously varying with the superlattice thickness. By solving a linearized Landau–Lifshitz equation together with Maxwell’s equations in magnetostatic approximation for samples consisting of up to 1000 individual layers, we calculate the spin-wave dispersion and determine the stability conditions for the saturated ferromagnetic state. From these results the dependence of the saturation field on the number of layers is inferred and agrees well with the experiment. The uniaxial bulk anisotropy is attributed to distortions along the c axis and the results further show evidence for the presence of an easy-plane interface anisotropy in these samples.
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| 7. |
- Camuffo, I, et al.
(författare)
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Concepts definition
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Camuffo, I, et al.
(författare)
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State of the art and eVALUE scope
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- eVALUE will address the real function of ICT-based safety systems and their capability to perform the function through two courses of action: defining and quantifying the function output to be achieved by the safety system and developing the testing and evaluation methods for the ICT-based safety systems. The safety systems within the eVALUE scope are classified into four clusters: longitudinal, lateral and yaw/stability. The fourth cluster remains open for upcoming systems. Based on market availability and penetration rate, the consortium decided to focus on eight preventive or mitigating safety systems: ACC, FCW and CM by braking, in the longitudinal assistance domain; BSD, LDW and LKA, in the lateral assistance domain; and finally, ABS and ESC, in the yaw/stability assistance domain. Following the description of current test and evaluation methods, sensor technologies, system function output and ECUs globally applicable to ICT based safety systems, the report covers these technologies and components for the eight selected systems in detail. As a next step to this deliverable and according to the work plan, concepts for design reviews, physical vehicle testing as well as laboratory testing will be analysed. The result will be an in-depth understanding of the possibilities to investigate and evaluate the eight active safety systems within the first phase of the project. The different concepts will then support the decision about the development of the testing and evaluation methods that are able to point out the safety benefit of those systems in the most representative way.
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| 9. |
- Cedborg, Anna I. Hardemark, et al.
(författare)
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Co-ordination of spontaneous swallowing with respiratory airflow and diaphragmatic and abdominal muscle activity in healthy adult humans
- 2009
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Ingår i: Experimental Physiology. - : Wiley. - 1469-445X .- 0958-0670. ; 94:4, s. 459-468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Co-ordination of breathing and swallowing is essential for normal pharyngeal function and to protect the airway. To allow for safe passage of a bolus through the pharynx, respiration is interrupted (swallowing apnoea); however, the control of airflow and diaphragmatic activity during swallowing and swallowing apnoea are not fully understood. Here, we validated a new airflow discriminator for detection of respiratory airflow and used it together with diaphragmatic and abdominal electromyography (EMG), spirometry and pharyngeal and oesophageal manometry. Co-ordination of breathing and spontaneous swallowing was examined in six healthy volunteers at rest, during hypercapnia and when breathing at 30 breaths min(-1). The airflow discriminator proved highly reliable and enabled us to determine timing of respiratory airflow unambiguously in relation to pharyngeal and diaphragmatic activity. During swallowing apnoea, the passive expiration of the diaphragm was interrupted by static activity, i.e. an 'active breath holding', which preserved respiratory volume for expiration after swallowing. Abdominal EMG increased throughout pre- and post-swallowing expiration, more so during hyper- than normocapnia, possibly to assist expiratory airflow. In these six volunteers, swallowing was always preceded by expiration, and 93 and 85% of swallows were also followed by expiration in normo- and hypercapnia, respectively, indicating that, in man, swallowing during the expiratory phase of breathing may be even more predominant than previously believed. This co-ordinated pattern of breathing and swallowing potentially reduces the risk for aspiration. Insights from these measurements in healthy volunteers and the airflow discriminator will be used for future studies on airway protection and effects of disease, drugs and ageing.
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| 10. |
- Chapman, I. T., et al.
(författare)
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The physics of sawtooth stabilization
- 2007
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Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - 0741-3335 .- 1361-6587. ; 49:12B, s. B385-B394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long period sawteeth have been observed to result in low-beta triggering of neo-classical tearing modes, which can significantly degrade plasma confinement. Consequently, a detailed physical understanding of sawtooth behaviour is critical, especially for ITER where fusion-born a particles are likely to lead to very long sawtooth periods. Many techniques have been developed to control, and in particular to destabilize the sawteeth. The application of counter-current neutral beam injection (NBI) in JET has resulted in shorter sawtooth periods than in Ohmic plasmas. This result has been explained because, firstly, the counter-passing fast ions give a destabilizing contribution to the n=1 internal kink mode-which is accepted to be related to sawtooth oscillations-and secondly, the flow shear strongly influences the stabilizing trapped particles. A similar experimental result has been observed in counter-NBI heated plasmas in MAST. However, the strong toroidal flows in spherical tokamaks mean that the sawtooth behaviour is determined by the gyroscopic flow stabilization of the kink mode rather than kinetic effects. In NBI heated plasmas in smaller conventional aspect-ratio tokamaks, such as TEXTOR, the flow and kinetic effects compete to give different sawtooth behaviour. Other techniques applied to destabilize sawteeth are the application of electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) or ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH). In JET, it has been observed that localized ICRH is able to destabilize sawteeth which were otherwise stabilized by a co-existing population of energetic trapped ions in the core. This is explained through the dual role of the ICRH in reducing the critical magnetic shear required to trigger a sawtooth crash, and the increase in the local magnetic shear which results from driving current near the q=1 rational surface. Sawtooth control in ITER could be provided by a combination of ECCD and co-passing off-axis negative-NBI fast ions.
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| 11. |
- Di Marco, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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gamma-Mn at the border between weak and strong correlations
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal B. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6028 .- 1434-6036. ; 72:4, s. 473-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the role of magnetic fluctuations in the spectral properties of paramagnetic gamma-Mn. Two methods are employed. The Local Density Approximation plus Dynamical Mean-Field Theory together with the numerically exact quantum Monte-Carlo solver is used as a reference for the spectral properties. Then the same scheme is used with the computationally less demanding perturbative spin-polarized fluctuation-exchange solver in combination with the Disordered Local Moment approach, and photoemission spectra are calculated within the one-step model. It is shown that the formation of local magnetic moments in gamma-Mn is very sensitive to the value of Hund's exchange parameter. Comparison with the experimental photoemission spectra demonstrates that gamma-Mn is a strongly correlated system, with the Hubbard band formation, which cannot be described by the perturbative approach. However, minor change of parameters would transform it into a weakly correlated system.
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| 12. |
- Edberg, Niklas J. T., et al.
(författare)
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Simultaneous measurements of Martian plasma boundaries by Rosetta and Mars Express
- 2009
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Ingår i: Planetary and Space Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0032-0633 .- 1873-5088. ; 57:8-9, s. 1085-1096
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the first two-spacecraft near-simultaneous observations of the Martian bow shock (BS), magnetic pileup boundary (MPB) and photo-electron boundary (PEB) obtained by the plasma instruments onboard Rosetta and Mars Express during the Rosetta Mars fly by on February 25, 2007. Our observations are compared with shape models for the BS and MPB derived from previous statistical studies. The MPB is found at its expected position but the BS for this event is found significantly closer to the planet than expected for the rather slow and moderately dense solar wind. Cross-calibration of the density measurements on the two spacecraft gives a density profile through the magnetosheath, indicating an increasing solar wind flux during the Rosetta passage which is consistent with the multiple BS crossings at the Rosetta exit.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Eriksson, Bengt I., 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of oral direct thrombin and factor xa inhibitors in development
- 2009
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Ingår i: Clin Pharmacokinet. - 0312-5963. ; 48:1, s. 1-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the past five decades, there has been little progress in the development of oral anticoagulants, with the choices being limited to the vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). The situation is changing with the development of orally active small molecules that directly target thrombin or activated factor X (FXa). The two agents in the most advanced stages of development are dabigatran etexilate and rivaroxaban, which inhibit thrombin and FXa, respectively. Both are approved in the EU and Canada for venous thromboprophylaxis in patients undergoing elective hip- or knee-replacement surgery. Other agents in the early stages of development include several FXa inhibitors (apixaban, DU 176b, LY 517717, YM 150, betrixaban, eribaxaban [PD 0348292] and TAK 442) and one thrombin inhibitor (AZD 0837). With a predictable anticoagulant response and low potential for drug-drug interactions, these new agents can be given in fixed doses without coagulation monitoring. This renders them more convenient than VKAs. While the anticoagulant effect of the new thrombin and FXa inhibitors is similar, differences in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters may influence their use in clinical practice. Here, we compare the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of these new oral agents.
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| 15. |
- Eriksson, E. M., et al.
(författare)
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Body awareness therapy: a new strategy for relief of symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome patients
- 2007
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Ingår i: World J Gastroenterol. - 1007-9327. ; 13:23, s. 3206-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To compare irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients with apparently healthy persons and to evaluate body awareness therapy, which is a physiotherapeutic remedy focusing on normalising tensions in the body, for the treatment of IBS with the hypothesis that altered body tension is associated with the syndrome. METHODS: Twenty-one IBS patients received body awareness therapy two hours weekly for 24 wk. At baseline as well as after 12 and 24 wk, they underwent examinations including resource oriented body examination in combination with body awareness scale evaluation and filled in gastrointestinal and psychological symptom questionnaires. Saliva cortisol was analysed. A group of 21 apparently healthy persons underwent the same examinations once. RESULTS: Compared to the apparently healthy group, IBS patients scored higher at baseline for gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms. They showed more often alterations in normal body tension patterns, as well as deviating cortisol slopes in saliva. After 24 wk of body awareness therapy, their gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms were reduced overall. Somatic symptoms decreased in parallel with depressive symptoms. Whole body pain score decreased, coping ability as well as biochemical stress markers improved. CONCLUSION: IBS patients scored higher for gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms, and presented with altered biochemical stress markers. Their body tension deviated compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, body awareness therapy gave relief of both somatic complaints, psychological symptoms and normalised body tension. These findings indicate that distorted tension constitutes an important part of the symptoms in IBS.
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| 16. |
- Eriksson, Elsa M, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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Irritable bowel syndrome subtypes differ in body awareness, psychological symptoms and biochemical stress markers
- 2008
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Ingår i: World J Gastroenterol. - : Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.. - 1007-9327. ; 14:31, s. 4889-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To elucidate the differences in somatic, psychological and biochemical pattern between the subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS: Eighty IBS patients, 30 diarrhoea predominant (D-IBS), 16 constipation predominant (C-IBS) and 34 alternating IBS (A-IBS) underwent physiotherapeutic examinations for dysfunctions in body movements and awareness and were compared to an apparently healthy control group (AHC). All groups answered questionnaires for gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms. Biochemical variables were analysed in blood. RESULTS: The D-IBS group showed less body awareness, less psychological symptoms, a more normal sense of coherence and psychosocial rating as well as higher C-peptide values. C-IBS had a higher degree of body dysfunction and psychological symptoms, as well as the lowest sense of coherence compared to controls and D-IBS. They also demonstrated the most elevated prolactin levels. A-IBS had the lowest degree of body disturbance, deteriorated quality of life and affected biochemical pattern. All subtypes had higher pain scores compared to controls. In addition they all had significantly increased triglycerides and elevated morning cortisol levels, however, without statistical significance compared with the controls. CONCLUSION: IBS subtypes showed different profiles in body awareness, somatic and psychological symptoms and in biochemical variables. D-IBS differed compared to the other groups by lowered body awareness, less psychological symptoms and a higher sense of coherence and elevated C-peptide values. C-IBS and A-IBS subtypes suffered more from depression and anxiety, associated with a lower quality of life. These differences may be important and will be taken into account in our treatment of these patients.
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| 17. |
- Gamborg, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Birth weight and systolic blood pressure in adolescence and adulthood : meta-regression analysis of sex- and age-specific results from 20 Nordic studies
- 2007
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 166:6, s. 634-645
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors investigated the shape, sex- and age-dependency, and possible confounding of the association between birth weight and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in 197,954 adults from 20 Nordic cohorts (birth years 1910-1987), one of which included 166,249 Swedish male conscripts. Random-effects meta-regression analyses were performed on estimates obtained from age- and sex-stratified analyses within each of the cohorts. There was an inverse association between birth weight and SBP, irrespective of adjustment for concurrent body mass index. The association was linear for males, but for females with a birth weight greater than 4 kg, SBP increased with birth weight (p < 0.01). The association was stronger in the older age groups (p < 0.05), although this could have been a birth cohort effect. The association was stronger among females than among males (p = 0.005) when birth weight was less than or equal to 4 kg. The estimated effect of birth weight on SBP at age 50 years was -1.52 mmHg/kg (95% confidence interval: -2.27, -0.77) in men and -2.80 mmHg/kg (95% confidence interval: -3.85, -1.76) in women. Exclusion of the Swedish conscripts produced nearly identical results. This meta-analysis supports the evidence of an inverse birth weight-SBP association, regardless of adjustment for concurrent body size. It also reveals important heterogeneity in the shape and strength of the association by sex and age.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Grechnev, Alexei, et al.
(författare)
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Theory of bulk and surface quasiparticle spectra for Fe, Co, and Ni
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 76:3, s. 035107-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The correlated quasiparticle band structure of iron, cobalt, and nickel is investigated within the dynamical mean-field theory formalism using the recently developed full-potential linear-muffin-tin-orbital-based local-density approximation plus dynamical mean-field theory (LDA+DMFT) code. Detailed analysis of the calculated electron self-energy, density of states, and the spectral density is presented for these metals. It has been found that all these elements show strong correlation effects for majority-spin electrons, such as strong damping of quasiparticles and formation of a satellite state below the bottom of d bands. In particular, our work clearly predicts the existence of a photoemission satellite for bcc iron. The LDA+DMFT data for fcc nickel and cobalt (111) surfaces and bcc iron (001) surface are also presented. The electron self-energy is found to depend strongly on the number of nearest neighbors, and it practically reaches the bulk value already in the second layer from the surface. The dependence of correlation effects on the dimensionality of the problem is also discussed.
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| 21. |
- Gromova, L. I., et al.
(författare)
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High-Latitude Ionospheric Convection Patterns Dependent on the IMF Orientation
- 2007
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Ingår i: <em>“</em>Physics of Auroral Phenomena”, Proc. XXX Annual Seminar, Apatity. - : Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Science. ; , s. 64-68
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The IZMEM model provides high-latitude ionospheric plasma convection patterns in both hemispheres as a function of the IMF orientation. Model electric potentials are compared with electric field measurements from the DE2, FAST and DMSP satellites along high-latitude passes of the Northern and Southern hemispheres during IMF Bz < 0 and By < 0 (By >0). It has been shown that the IZMEM model electric potentials are in good agreement with measurements along the satellite passes, which makes the IZMEM global spatial convection patterns for these plausible. For small IMF magnitude ionospheric convection patterns generally consist of two cells with a positive potential cell on the dawn-side and a negative potential cell on the dusk-side. For IMF By<0 (By>0) a positive (negative) potential cell becomes dominant in the northern hemisphere, and oppositely in the southern hemisphere. During Bz > 0 the convection pattern changes from the standard two-cell pattern to a more complicated one. IZMEM shows two additional convection cells in the dayside polar cap, positive (negative) potential cell is present duskward (dawnward) of the noon-midnight meridian, and may cause three-cell or four-cell convection pattern depending on By/Bz ratio.
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| 22. |
- Lamalle, P.U, et al.
(författare)
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Expanding the operating space of ICRF on JET with a view to ITER
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nucl. Fusion. ; 46, s. 391-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mercury (Hg) has been used for millennia in many applications, primarily in artisanal mining and as an electrode in the chlor–alkali industry. It is anthropogenically emitted as a pollutant from coal fired power plants and naturally emitted, primarily from volcanoes. Its unique chemical characteristics enable global atmospheric transport and it is deposited after various processes, ultimately ending up in one of its final sinks, such as incorporated into deep sediment or bioaccumulated, primarily in the marine environment. All forms of Hg have been established as toxic, and there have been no noted biological benefits from the metal.Throughout time, there have been notable incidents of Hg intoxication documented, and the negative health effects have been documented to those chronically or acutely exposed. Today, exposure to Hg is largely diet or occupationally dependent, however, many are exposed to Hg from their amalgam fillings. This paper puts a tentative monetary value on Hg polluted food sources in the Arctic, where local, significant pollution sources are limited, and relates this to costs for strategies avoiding Hg pollution and to remediation costs of contaminated sites in Sweden and Japan. The case studies are compiled to help policy makers and the public to evaluate whether the benefits to the global environment from banning Hg and limiting its initial emission outweigh the benefits from its continued use or lack of control of Hg emissions. The cases we studied are relevant for point pollution sources globally and their remediation costs ranged between 2500 and 1.1 million US$ kg−1 Hg isolated from the biosphere. Therefore, regulations discontinuing mercury uses combined with extensive flue gas cleaning for all power plants and waste incinerators is cost effective.
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| 23. |
- Lebègue, Sebastien, et al.
(författare)
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Multiplet effects in the electronic structure of heavy rare-earth metals
- 2006
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 18, s. 6329-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spectroscopic properties of elemental terbium, dysprosium, holmium, and erbium are investigated using first-principles calculations taking into account intra-atomic correlation effects. In order to describe the strongly localized f electrons together with the conduction bands, we have used the multiband Hubbard-I approximation to reproduce the multiplet features present in the experimental spectra. A comparison with available experimental data is made and the overall agreement is found to be good.
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| 24. |
- Lebègue, Sebastien, et al.
(författare)
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Multiplet effects in the electronic structure of light rare-earth metals
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 74:4, s. 045114-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The excited-state properties of the light rare-earth elemental metals praseodymium, neodymium, and samarium are studied within the Hubbard-I formalism. This method describes the multiplets of the rare-earth f shell by an exact diagonalization of the two-body part of the Hamiltonian. Subsequently, the rare-earth ion is embedded in the solid environment by incorporation of the atomic self-energy into a solid Green's function, which is calculated using the local density approximation to density functional theory. After describing the method briefly, a systematic comparison with available photoemission experiments is made, and it is found that all main structures of the experimental spectra are reproduced by the approach, with the exception of the features immediately below the Fermi level which are interpreted as a mark of a mechanism different from an atomiclike multiplet transition.
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| 25. |
- Liesenfeld, K. H., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran on ex vivo coagulation time in orthopaedic surgery patients: a population model analysis
- 2006
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Ingår i: Br J Clin Pharmacol. - 0306-5251. ; 62:5, s. 527-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To describe the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) characteristics of the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran in hip replacement patients by assessing coagulation parameters activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and ecarin clotting time (ECT), interindividual variability and factors affecting PD responses. METHODS: BISTRO I patients received oral dabigatran etexilate postsurgery for 6-10 days. Dabigatran plasma concentrations and aPTT/ECT were measured on the day of surgery, on subsequent days and at steady state. PK-PD characteristics of the dabigatran-aPTT/ECT relationships were evaluated using NONMEM V. RESULTS: The dabigatran concentration-aPTT relationship was described combining a linear and an E(max) model. Mean baseline aPTT was 33.4 s and E(max) (maximum increase in aPTT contributed by the E(max) model) was 26.9 s. The dabigatran concentration needed to attain 50% of maximum effect (EC(50)) was 94.7 ng ml(-1) and the mean slope of the linear concentration-response relationship (SLOP) was 0.0509 s ng(-1) ml(-1). Baseline aPTT and E(max) were highest following surgery and declined with time. The dabigatran concentration-ECT relationship fitted a linear model. Mean baseline ECT was 28 s and decreased with time; 50% of the maximum effect was observed after 2.9 days. SLOP decreased from 0.38 to 0.27 s ng(-1) ml(-1) with a half-life of 1.1 day, indicating greater PD effects on the day of surgery. Interindividual and residual variability was low. Covariates could not explain variability of this model. CONCLUSIONS: aPTT and ECT prolongation were directly correlated with dabigatran concentrations. Blood coagulation prolongation was most pronounced following surgery. Data suggest that ECT provides a more precise description of the anticoagulant effect than aPTT.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Nilsson, A I, et al.
(författare)
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Bacterial genome size reduction by experimental evolution
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 102:34, s. 12112-12116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacterial evolution toward endosymbiosis with eukaryotic cells is associated with extensive bacterial genome reduction and loss of metabolic and regulatory capabilities. Here we examined the rate and process of genome reduction in the bacterium Salmonella enterica by a serial passage experimental evolution procedure. The initial rate of DNA loss was estimated to be 0.05 bp per chromosome per generation for a WT bacterium and approximately 50-fold higher for a mutS mutant defective in methyl-directed DNA mismatch repair. The endpoints were identified for seven chromosomal deletions isolated during serial passage and in two separate genetic selections. Deletions ranged in size from 1 to 202 kb, and most of them were not associated with DNA repeats, indicating that they were formed via RecA-independent recombination events. These results suggest that extensive genome reduction can occur on a short evolutionary time scale and that RecA-dependent homologous recombination only plays a limited role in this process of jettisoning superfluous DNA.
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| 28. |
- Ongena, J., et al.
(författare)
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Overview of recent results on Heating and Current Drive in JET
- 2007
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Ingår i: RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS. - : AIP. ; , s. 249-256
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent progress on heating and current drive on JET is reported. Topics discussed are: high power coupling of ICRF/LH at ITER relevant antenna/launcher-separatrix distances, succesfull demonstration of 3 dB couplers for ELM tolerance of the ICRF system, influence of ICRF on LH operation, rotation studies in plasma without external momentum with standard and enhanced JET toriodal field ripple, studies of different ICRF heating schemes and of NTM avoidance schemes using Ion Cyclotron Current Drive. A brief outlook on future plans for experiments at JET is given.
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| 29. |
- Sanchez-Barriga, J., et al.
(författare)
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Strength of Correlation Effects in the Electronic Structure of Iron
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 103:26, s. 267203-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The strength of electronic correlation effects in the spin-dependent electronic structure of ferromagnetic bcc Fe(110) has been investigated by means of spin and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The experimental results are compared to theoretical calculations within the three-body scattering approximation and within the dynamical mean-field theory, together with one-step model calculations of the photoemission process. This comparison indicates that the present state of the art many-body calculations, although improving the description of correlation effects in Fe, give too small mass renormalizations and scattering rates thus demanding more refined many-body theories including nonlocal fluctuations.
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| 30. |
- Shin, J. H., et al.
(författare)
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IA-2 autoantibodies in incident type I diabetes patients are associated with a polyadenylation signal polymorphism in GIMAP5
- 2007
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Ingår i: Genes Immun. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1466-4879 .- 1476-5470. ; 8:6, s. 503-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a large case-control study of Swedish incident type I diabetes patients and controls, 0-34 years of age, we tested the hypothesis that the GIMAP5 gene, a key genetic factor for lymphopenia in spontaneous BioBreeding rat diabetes, is associated with type I diabetes; with islet autoantibodies in incident type I diabetes patients or with age at clinical onset in incident type I diabetes patients. Initial scans of allelic association were followed by more detailed logistic regression modeling that adjusted for known type I diabetes risk factors and potential confounding variables. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs6598, located in a polyadenylation signal of GIMAP5, was associated with the presence of significant levels of IA-2 autoantibodies in the type I diabetes patients. Patients with the minor allele A of rs6598 had an increased prevalence of IA-2 autoantibody levels compared to patients without the minor allele (OR=2.2; Bonferroni-corrected P=0.003), after adjusting for age at clinical onset (P=8.0 x 10(-13)) and the numbers of HLA-DQ A1*0501-B1*0201 haplotypes (P=2.4 x 10(-5)) and DQ A1*0301-B1*0302 haplotypes (P=0.002). GIMAP5 polymorphism was not associated with type I diabetes or with GAD65 or insulin autoantibodies, ICA, or age at clinical onset in patients. These data suggest that the GIMAP5 gene is associated with islet autoimmunity in type I diabetes and add to recent findings implicating the same SNP in another autoimmune disease.
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| 31. |
- Styrud, J, et al.
(författare)
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Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment in acute appendicitis. A prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial
- 2006
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Ingår i: World Journal of Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0364-2313 .- 1432-2323. ; 30:6, s. 1033-1037
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Appendectomy has been the treatment for acute appendicitis for over 120 years. Antibiotic treatment has occasionally been used in small uncontrolled studies, instead of operation, but this alternative has never before been tried in a multicenter randomized trial. Patients and Methods Male patients, 18–50 years of age, admitted to six different hospitals in Sweden between 1996 and 1999 were enrolled in the study. No women were enrolled by decision of the local ethics committee. If appendectomy was planned, patients were asked to participate, and those who agreed were randomized either to surgery or to antibiotic therapy. Patients randomized to surgery were operated on with open surgery or laparoscopically. Those randomized to antibiotic therapy were treated intravenously for 2 days, followed by oral treatment for 10 days. If symptoms did not resolve within 24 hours, an appendectomy was performed. Participants were monitored at the end of 1 week, 6 weeks, and 1 year. Results During the study period 252 men participated, 124 in the surgery group and 128 in the antibiotic group. The frequency of appendicitis was 97% in the surgery group and 5% had a perforated appendix. The complication rate was 14% in the surgery group. In the antibiotic group 86% improved without surgery; 18 patients were operated on within 24 hours, and the diagnosis of acute appendicitis was confirmed in all but one patient, and he was suffering from terminal ileitis. There were seven patients (5%) with a perforated appendix in this group. The rate of recurrence of symptoms of appendicitis among the 111 patients treated with antibiotics was 14% during the 1-year follow-up. Conclusions Acute nonperforated appendicitis can be treated successfully with antibiotics. However, there is a risk of recurrence in cases of acute appendicitis, and this risk should be compared with the risk of complications after appendectomy.
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| 32. |
- Wahlund, Jan Erik, et al.
(författare)
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On the amount of heavy molecular ions in Titan's ionosphere
- 2009
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Ingår i: Planetary and Space Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0032-0633 .- 1873-5088. ; 57:14-15, s. 1857-1865
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present observational evidence that the ionosphere of Titan below an altitude of 1150 km is a significant source of heavy (> 100 amu) molecular organic species. This study is based on measurements by five instruments (RPWS/LP, RPWS/E, INMS, CAPS/ELS, CAPS/IBS) onboard the Cassini spacecraft during three flybys (T17, T18, T32) of Titan. The ionospheric peaks encountered at altitudes of 950-1300 km had densities in the range 900-3000 cm(-3). Below these peaks the number densities of heavy positively charged ions reached 100-2000 cm(-3) and approached 50-70% of the total ionospheric density with an increasing trend toward lowest measured altitudes. Simultaneously measured negatively charged ion densities were in the range 50-150 cm(-3). These results imply that similar to 10(5)similar to 10(6) heavy positively charged ions/m(3)/s are continuously recombining into heavy neutrals and supply the atmosphere of Titan. The ionosphere may in this way produce 0.1-1 Mt/yr of heavy organic compounds and is therefore a sizable source for aerosol formation. We also predict that Titan's ionosphere is dominated by heavy (> 100 amu) molecular ions below 950 km.
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| 33. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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The ATLAS Experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:S08003
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS detector as installed in its experimental cavern at point 1 at CERN is described in this paper. A brief overview of the expected performance of the detector when the Large Hadron Collider begins operation is also presented.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Agnelli, G, et al.
(författare)
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Safety assessment of new antithrombotic agents : Lessons from the EXTEND study on ximelagatran.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Thrombosis Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0049-3848 .- 1879-2472. ; 123:3, s. 488-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Ximelagatran, the first oral direct thrombin inhibitor, was shown to be an effective antithrombotic agent but was associated with potential liver toxicity after prolonged administration. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: The aim of the EXTEND study was to assess safety and efficacy of extended administration (35 days) of ximelagatran or enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after elective hip replacement and hip fracture surgery. A follow-up period, including assessment of liver enzymes (in particular alanine aminotransferase; ALAT), until post-operative day 180 was planned, with visits at days 56 and 180. RESULTS: Randomization and administration of study drugs were stopped following a report of serious liver injury occurring 3 weeks after completion of ximelagatran treatment. At the time of study termination, 1158 patients had been randomized and 641 had completed the 35-day treatment; with 303 ximelagatran and 265 enoxaparin patients remaining in the study through to the day 56 follow-up visit. Overall, 58 patients showed an ALAT increase to >2x upper limit of normal: 31 treated with enoxaparin, 27 with ximelagatran. Three ximelagatran patients also showed symptoms potentially related to liver toxicity. Eleven ximelagatran patients showed an ALAT increase after study treatment ended. The clinical development of ximelagatran was terminated and the drug withdrawn from the market. Evaluation of the relative efficacy of the two treatments as specified in the protocol was impossible due to the premature termination of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged administration of ximelagatran was associated with an increased risk of liver toxicity. In a substantial proportion of patients, ALAT increase occurred after treatment withdrawal. The findings seen with ximelagatran should be considered when designing studies with new antithrombotic agents.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Andersson, Kerstin I., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of biological treatment on the chemical structure of dissolved lignin-related substances in effluent from thermomechanical pulping
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 23:2, s. 164-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effluent from a TMP-based pulp and paper mill was collected at the inlet and outlet of the mill's biological treatment plant and fractionated by sorption on XAD-8 resin and MTBE precipitation. Fractionation indicated that the refractory dissolved organic material in biologically treated effluent was mainly composed of lignin-related substances. Characterisation of the lignin-related substances by chromatographic and spectrometric methods confirmed the similarities of the isolated material and milled wood lignin. Fractionation and characterisation of alkali-extracted material from solids (biosludge) in biologically treated effluent found evidence of lignin-related material. Results indicated that biological treatment had altered the chemical structure and molar-mass distribution of dissolved lignin-related substances.
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| 41. |
- Andersson, Kerstin I, et al.
(författare)
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Lignin removal from wastewater by adsorption
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2009 International Mechanical Pulping Conference, IMPC 2009. ; , s. 280-285
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignin contributes to residual COD in wastewater after biological treatment. Available methods for removal of recalcitrant material like lignin, e.g. chemical oxidation and coagulation, are associated with heavy operational expenses. Stringent discharge requirements demand new cost-effective methods for removal of recalcitrant COD. Adsorption is an important mechanism for lignin removal in biological wastewater treatment. A study of lignin, using activated carbon as a model adsorbent, was performed to learn more about the adsorption behaviour of lignin. At the adsorbent dose 4 g/L and an initial lignin concentration of 0.5 g/L, 77% of the lignin was removed after six hours. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow the pseudo second-order rate expression and no temperature dependency could be observed in the temperature range studied.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Antonsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy measurements for tissue type discrimination during deep brain stimulation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of neural engineering. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-2560 .- 1741-2552. ; 5:2, s. 185-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy as a method for improving intracerebral guidance during functional neurosurgery has been investigated. An optical probe was developed for measurements during stereotactic and functional neurosurgery in man. The aim of the study was to investigate the spectral differences between white and grey matter and between white matter and functional targets. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy measurements in ten patients were recorded at incremental steps towards and in three different functional targets (STN, GPi and Zi). The recorded spectra along the trajectory were sorted into white or grey matter, based on preoperative MRI images or the recorded spectral shape and intensity. The difference between tissue types was calculated as a quotient. Significant intensity differences between white and grey matter were found to be at least 14% (p < 0.05) and 20% (p < 0.0001) for MRI and spectral-sorted data respectively. The reflectance difference between white matter and the functional targets of GPi was higher than for STN and Zi. The results indicate that diffuse reflectance spectroscopy has a potential to be developed to a suitable complement to other intracerebral guidance methods.
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| 45. |
- Antzutkin, Oleg, et al.
(författare)
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Binding of Aluminium(III)-Citrate Complexes, [Al3(H-1Cit)3(OH)]-4 and [Al3(H-1Cit)3(OH)4]-7, to Alzheimer's A-beta(1-40) Peptides : In situ Atomic Force, Electron Microscopy and Solid State 13C and 27Al NMR Studies
- 2005
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Ingår i: Sixth Keele Meeting on Aluminium. - : Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e Mar, Universidade de Aveiro. ; , s. 16-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is believed that Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloid-β-peptide (Aβ) deposits contribute directly to the disease's progressive neurodegeneration. Aggregation cascade for Aβ peptides, its relevance to neurotoxicity in the course of AD, various factors modulating Aβ aggregation kinetics and experimental methods useful for these studies were recently discussed [1]. Al(III), Zn(II), Cu(II) and Fe(III) ions are often colocalized at the center of the core of Alzheimer's amyloid plaques [2] and are suggested to promote aggregation of physiological concentrations of Aβ [3]. It has also been suggested that Al can block calcium permeable putative Aβ-peptide channels in bilayer membranes [4]. Therefore studies of complexation of metal ions with Aβ-oligomers and fibrils are important in the search for the causes of and potential treatments for AD.We studied effects of highly soluble and biologically relevant aluminium(III)-citrate compounds, [Al3(H-1Cit)3(OH)]-4 and [Al3(H-1Cit)3(OH)4]-7, on the fibrillogenesis of Aβ(1-40). All resonances in 156.37 MHz 27Al and 90.52 MHz 13C MAS NMR spectra of powder Al(III)-citrate complexes were assigned. 27Al MAS NMR of dialysed samples of Aβ(1-40) co-incubated with the Al(III)-citrate complexes at different concentrations in TRIS buffer solutions, pH 7.4, shows that Al(III)-citrates bind to Aβ(1-40) as [Al3(H-1Cit)3(OH)]-4 and either accelerate ([Al3(H-1Cit)3(OH)]-4 complex) or retard ([Al3(H-1Cit)3(OH)4]-7 compound) aggregation of Aβ(1-40) as revealed by AFM. [1] ON Antzutkin, Magn. Reson. Chem. 42 (2004) 231; [2] MA Lovell et al., J. Neurol. Sci. 158 (1998) 47; Ch Exley et al., Al and Alzheimer's disease, Ch Exley (Ed)1998) 47; Ch Exley , Ch Exley (Ed) Elsevier Science, 2001, 421; [3] PW Mantyh et al., J. Neurochem. 61 (1993) 1171; [4] N Arispe et al, PNAS 90 (1993) 567.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Banduseela, Varuna C., et al.
(författare)
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Gene expression and muscle fiber function in a porcine ICU model
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physiological Genomics. - : American Physiological Society. - 1094-8341 .- 1531-2267. ; 39:3, s. 141-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skeletal muscle wasting and impaired muscle function in response to mechanical ventilation and immobilization in intensive care unit (ICU) patients are clinically challenging partly due to 1) the poorly understood intricate cellular and molecular networks and 2) the unavailability of an animal model mimicking this condition. By employing a unique porcine model mimicking the conditions in the ICU with long-term mechanical ventilation and immobilization, we have analyzed the expression profile of skeletal muscle biopsies taken at three time points during a 5-day period. Among the differentially regulated transcripts, extracellular matrix, energy metabolism, sarcomeric and LIM protein mRNA levels were downregulated, while ubiquitin proteasome system, cathepsins, oxidative stress responsive genes and heat shock proteins (HSP) mRNAs were upregulated. Despite 5 days of immobilization and mechanical ventilation single muscle fiber cross-sectional areas as well as the maximum force generating capacity at the single muscle fiber level were preserved. It is proposed that HSP induction in skeletal muscle is an inherent, primary, but temporary protective mechanism against protein degradation. To our knowledge, this is the first study that isolates the effect of immobilization and mechanical ventilation in an ICU condition from various other cofactors.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Baranovskiy, A. E., et al.
(författare)
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Electronic structure, bulk and magnetic properties of MB6 and MB12 borides
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 442:1-2, s. 228-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bulk and magnetic properties of MB6 and MB12 were investigated on the basis of first principles electronic structure calculations. The elastic constants were measured for ZrB12, HoB12, ErB12, TmB12, LuB12, YB6 and LaB6 compounds at low temperatures. The calculated equations of states and balanced crystal orbital overlap populations have allowed to analyse bonding and magnetic properties of MB6 and MB12 .
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