| 1. |
- Krasilnikov, A., et al.
(författare)
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Evidence of 9 Be + p nuclear reactions during 2ω CH and hydrogen minority ICRH in JET-ILW hydrogen and deuterium plasmas
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 58:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The intensity of 9Be + p nuclear fusion reactions was experimentally studied during second harmonic (2ω CH) ion-cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) and further analyzed during fundamental hydrogen minority ICRH of JET-ILW hydrogen and deuterium plasmas. In relatively low-density plasmas with a high ICRH power, a population of fast H+ ions was created and measured by neutral particle analyzers. Primary and secondary nuclear reaction products, due to 9Be + p interaction, were observed with fast ion loss detectors, γ-ray spectrometers and neutron flux monitors and spectrometers. The possibility of using 9Be(p, d)2α and 9Be(p, α)6Li nuclear reactions to create a population of fast alpha particles and study their behaviour in non-active stage of ITER operation is discussed in the paper.
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Overview of the JET results
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 55:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Yang, J., et al.
(författare)
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Substrate surface finish effects on scratch resistance and failure mechanisms of TiN-coated hardmetals
- 2015
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 265, s. 174-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the influence of substrate surface finish on scratch resistance and associated failure mechanisms is investigated in the case of a TiN-coated hardmetal. Three different surface finish conditions are studied: as-sintered (AS), ground (G), and mirror-like polished (P). For G conditioned samples, scratch tests are conducted both parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the grinding grooves. It is found that coated AS, G and P samples exhibit similar critical load for initial substrate exposure and the same brittle adhesive failure mode. However, the damage scenarios are different, i.e. the substrate exposure is discrete and localized to the scratch tracks for G samples while a more pronounced and continuous exposure is seen for AS and P ones. Aiming to understand the role played by the grinding-induced compressive residual stresses, the study is extended to coated systems where ground substrates are thermal annealed (for relieving stresses) before being ion etched and coated. It yielded lower critical loads and changes in the mechanisms for the scratch-related failure; the latter depending on the relative orientation between scratching and grinding directions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 25. |
- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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| 27. |
- Levis, Brooke, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of major depression diagnostic classification probability using the SCID, CIDI, and MINI diagnostic interviews among women in pregnancy or postpartum : An individual participant data meta-analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. - : WILEY. - 1049-8931 .- 1557-0657. ; 28:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: A previous individual participant data meta-analysis (IPDMA) identified differences in major depression classification rates between different diagnostic interviews, controlling for depressive symptoms on the basis of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. We aimed to determine whether similar results would be seen in a different population, using studies that administered the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in pregnancy or postpartum.Methods: Data accrued for an EPDS diagnostic accuracy IPDMA were analysed. Binomial generalised linear mixed models were fit to compare depression classification odds for the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID), controlling for EPDS scores and participant characteristics.Results Among fully structured interviews, the MINI (15 studies, 2,532 participants, 342 major depression cases) classified depression more often than the CIDI (3 studies, 2,948 participants, 194 major depression cases; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.21, 11.43]). Compared with the semistructured SCID (28 studies, 7,403 participants, 1,027 major depression cases), odds with the CIDI (interaction aOR = 0.88, 95% CI [0.85, 0.92]) and MINI (interaction aOR = 0.95, 95% CI [0.92, 0.99]) increased less as EPDS scores increased.Conclusion Different interviews may not classify major depression equivalently.
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| 29. |
- Yang, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of advanced characterisation techniques for assessment of grinding effects on the surface integrity of WC-Co cemented carbides
- 2018
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Ingår i: Powder Metallurgy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0032-5899 .- 1743-2901. ; 61:2, s. 100-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Grinding is a key step on the manufacturing process of WC-Co cemented carbides (hardmetals). In this work, an investigation of grinding effects on the surface integrity of hardmetals is conducted. It is done by combining diverse advanced characterisation techniques: X-ray diffraction, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, electron back scatter diffraction, focused ion beam - 3D tomography and transmission electron microscopy. The study is carried out in a fine-grained WC-Co grade. Besides ground state, polished surface finish condition is assessed for comparison purposes. It is evidenced that grinding induces significant alterations: 3D tomography illustrates microcracking exists down to 2.5 mu m depth with a highly anisotropic distribution at the subsurface, large compressive residual stresses extending until subsurface levels of about 12 mu m, and phase transformation of binder from the original fcc phase into the hcp one, as well as severe plastic deformation observed within the binder at the surface level.
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| 30. |
- Yang, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Thermally induced surface integrity changes of ground WC-Co hardmetals
- 2016
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Ingår i: 3RD CIRP CONFERENCE ON SURFACE INTEGRITY. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 91-94
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ground hardmetals are exposed to high temperatures during both processing (e.g. coating deposition) and use (e.g. as a cutting tool). However, studies on thermally induced changes of surface integrity are limited. Here we address this by means of FIB/FESEM and EBSD investigation, with special focus on the binder phase characterization. Our findings indicate that thermal treatment causes two main surface modifications. First, an unexpected microporosity appears in the binder within the subsurface layer when ground surfaces are heated. Second, the metallic phase underneath the ground surface experiences metallurgical changes, in terms of grain and crystallographic phase structures. The mechanisms responsible for these modifications of the binder are discussed in terms of grinding-induced and thermally-reversed phase transformation as well as recrystallization phenomena. We also note that no additional heat treatment related changes such as microcracking and carbide fragmentation in the subsurface layer, are discerned. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 31. |
- Blondelle, J., et al.
(författare)
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Murine obscurin and Obsl1 have functionally redundant roles in sarcolemmal integrity, sarcoplasmic reticulum organization, and muscle metabolism
- 2019
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 2:178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biological roles of obscurin and its close homolog Obsl1 (obscurin-like 1) have been enigmatic. While obscurin is highly expressed in striated muscles, Obsl1 is found ubiquitously. Accordingly, obscurin mutations have been linked to myopathies, whereas mutations in Obsl1 result in 3M-growth syndrome. To further study unique and redundant functions of these closely related proteins, we generated and characterized Obsl1 knockouts. Global Obsl1 knockouts are embryonically lethal. In contrast, skeletal muscle-specific Obsl1 knockouts show a benign phenotype similar to obscurin knockouts. Only deletion of both proteins and removal of their functional redundancy revealed their roles for sarcolemmal stability and sarcoplasmic reticulum organization. To gain unbiased insights into changes to the muscle proteome, we analyzed tibialis anterior and soleus muscles by mass spectrometry, uncovering additional changes to the muscle metabolism. Our analyses suggest that all obscurin protein family members play functions for muscle membrane systems.
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| 32. |
- Brissot, Eolia, et al.
(författare)
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Tyrosine kinase inhibitors improve long-term outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Haematologica. - : Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica). - 1592-8721 .- 0390-6078. ; 100:3, s. 392-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to determine the impact of tyrosine-kinase inhibitors given pre- and post-allogeneic stem cell transplantation on long term outcome of patients allografted for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This retrospective analysis from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of EBMT included 473 de novo Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients in first complete remission who underwent an allogeneic stem cell transplantation using an human leucocyte antigen-identical sibling or human leucocyte antigen-matched unrelated donor between 2000 and 2010. Three hundred ninety patients received tyrosine-kinase inhibitors before transplant, 329 at induction and 274 at consolidation. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of leukemia-free survival, overall survival, cumulative incidences of relapse incidence, and non-relapse mortality at 5 years were 38%, 46%, 36% and 26%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, tyrosine-kinase inhibitors given before allogeneic stem cell transplantation was associated with a better overall survival (HR=0.68; P=.04) and was associated with lower relapse incidence (HR=0.5; P=.01). In the post-transplant period, multivariate analysis identified prophylactic tyrosine-kinase inhibitors administration to be a significant factor for improved leukemia-free survival (HR=0.44; P=.002) and overall survival (HR=0.42; P=.004), and a lower relapse incidence (HR=0.40; P=.01). In conclusion, over the past decade, tyrosine-kinase inhibitors administration before allogeneic stem cell transplantation has significantly improved the long term allogeneic stem cell transplantation outcome of adult Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Prospective studies will be of great interest to further confirm the potential benefit of the prophylactic use of tyrosine-kinase inhibitors in the post-transplant setting.
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| 34. |
- Sogorb-Esteve, A., et al.
(författare)
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Levels of ADAM10 are reduced in Alzheimer's disease CSF
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroinflammation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1742-2094. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The disintegrin metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) is the main alpha-secretase acting in the non-amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein. This study assesses whether ADAM10 is present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and whether it has potential as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: ADAM10 was characterized in human CSF samples by immunoprecipitation and western blotting using antibodies specific for different domains of the protein and by ultracentrifugation in sucrose density gradients. Samples from AD patients (n = 20) and age-matched non-AD controls (n = 20) were characterized for classical CSF biomarkers, A beta 42, T-tau, or P-tau by ELISA, and assayed for soluble ADAM10 levels by western blotting. Results: We found that ADAM10 is present in human CSF as several distinct species: an immature form retaining the prodomain (proADAM10; similar to 80 kDa), a mature unprocessed full-length form (ADAM10f; similar to 55 kDa), and a truncated large soluble form released from the membrane (sADAM10; similar to 50 kDa). Fractionation by ultracentrifugation on sucrose density gradients showed that the ADAM10f and sADAM10 species form large complexes. Immunoblotting revealed a significant decrease in ADAM10f and sADAM10 in AD CSF compared to control CSF, while proADAM10 levels remained unaltered. Conclusions: Several forms of ADAM10 are present in CSF, mainly assembled as high-molecular weight complexes. The determination of the levels of mature forms of CSF-ADAM10 may be useful as a biomarker for AD.
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| 35. |
- Wu, Hao, et al.
(författare)
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Metformin alters the gut microbiome of individuals with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes, contributing to the therapeutic effects of the drug
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 23:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metformin is widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but its mechanism of action is poorly defined. Recent evidence implicates the gut microbiota as a site of metformin action. In a double-blind study, we randomized individuals with treatment-naive T2D to placebo or metformin for 4 months and showed that metformin had strong effects on the gut microbiome. These results were verified in a subset of the placebo group that switched to metformin 6 months after the start of the trial. Transfer of fecal samples (obtained before and 4 months after treatment) from metformin-treated donors to germ-free mice showed that glucose tolerance was improved in mice that received metformin-altered microbiota. By directly investigating metformin-microbiota interactions in a gut simulator, we showed that metformin affected pathways with common biological functions in species from two different phyla, and many of the metformin-regulated genes in these species encoded metalloproteins or metal transporters. Our findings provide support for the notion that altered gut microbiota mediates some of metformin's antidiabetic effects.
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| 36. |
- Yang, J., et al.
(författare)
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Mechanical strength of ground WC-Co cemented carbides after coating deposition
- 2017
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 689, s. 72-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manufacturing of hardmetal tools often involves surface grinding, ion etching and final coating. Each stage throughout the manufacturing chain introduces surface integrity changes which may be critical for defining the final mechanical behavior of the coated tools. Within this context, an experimental test program has been developed to assess the influence of a coating (TiN) deposition on surface integrity and transverse rupture strength of a previously ground fine-grained WC-Co grade substrate. Four different substrate surface finish conditions (prior to ion etching and coating) were evaluated: as sintered (AS), ground (G), polished (P), and ground plus high temperature annealing (GTO. Surface integrity and fracture resistance characterization, complemented with a detailed fractographic analysis, were performed on both uncoated and coated samples. Results show that the surface integrity after grinding has been partly modified during the ion etching and film deposition processes, particularly in terms of a reduced compressive residual stress state at the substrate surface level. Consequently, the grinding induced strength enhancement in hardmetals is reduced for coated specimens. Main reason behind it is the change of nature, location and stress state acting on critical flaw: from processing defects existing at the subsurface (uncoated G specimens) to grinding-induced microcracks located close to the interface between coating and substrate, but within the subsurface of the latter (coated G specimens). This is not the case for AS and P conditions, where flexural strength does not change a result of ion etching and coating. Finally, fracture resistance increases slightly for GTT specimens after coating process, possibly caused by a beneficial effect of the deposited film on the residual stress state at the surface.
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| 39. |
- Lazarevic, Vladimir Lj, et al.
(författare)
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Relatively favorable outcome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for BCR-ABL1-positive AML : A survey from the acute leukemia working party of the European Society for blood and marrow transplantation (EBMT)
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Hematology. - : Wiley. - 0361-8609 .- 1096-8652. ; 93:1, s. 31-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to assess the role of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) in patients diagnosed with BCR-ABL1-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Fifty-seven patients (median age, 48 years, range: 19-67) with BCR-ABL1 positive AML undergoing SCT were identified. The majority of the patients (70%) received a TKI before the transplant. At SCT 48 patients were in CR (45 in CR1), while 9 patients were transplanted in a more advanced stage of the disease. MRD was negative (BCR-ABL1/ABL<104) at time of SCT in 36.1% (14/40). After SCT, 16 (61.5%) out of 26 patients with MRD positive at transplantation reached MRD negativity. After a median follow-up of 6.3 years (0.7-14.2), NRM, RI, LFS, OS, and GRFS at 5 years were 18.1%, 37%, 44.2%, 53.8%, and 32.1%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of acute GvHD grade II-IV was 16.4%, incidence of chronic GvHD 24.9%, and of extensive cGvHD 21.4%, respectively. In patients who received SCT in CR1, 5-yr NRM, RI, LFS, OS, and GRFS were 15.9%, 36.4%, 46.5%, 59.4%, and 34.9%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that age (<50 vs. ≥50 years) was associated with RI (5-yr: 22.7 vs. 50%), LFS (5-yr: 61.9 vs. 31.8%), and GRFS (5-yr: 52.4 vs. 18.2%), whereas MRD-negative status before SCT was associated with an improved GRFS (38.9 vs. 16.7%). We conclude that the outcome of patients <50 years of age with BCR-ABL1-positive AML receiving allogeneic SCT in CR is relatively favorable, possibly reflecting the beneficial effect of the use of TKI.
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| 40. |
- Sogorb-Esteve, A., et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of gamma-Secretase Leads to an Increase in Presenilin-1
- 2018
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Ingår i: Molecular Neurobiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0893-7648 .- 1559-1182. ; 55:6, s. 5047-5058
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- gamma-Secretase inhibitors (GSIs) are potential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, trials have proven disappointing. We addressed the possibility that gamma-secretase inhibition can provoke a rebound effect, elevating the levels of the catalytic gamma-secretase subunit, presenilin-1 (PS1). Acute treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with the GSI LY-374973 (N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester, DAPT) augments PS1, in parallel with increases in other gamma-secretase subunits nicastrin, presenilin enhancer 2, and anterior pharynx-defective 1, yet with no increase in messenger RNA expression. Over-expression of the C-terminal fragment (CTF) of APP, C99, also triggered an increase in PS1. Similar increases in PS1 were evident in primary neurons treated repeatedly (4 days) with DAPT or with the GSI BMS-708163 (avagacestat). Likewise, rats examined after 21 days administered with avagacestat (40 mg/kg/day) had more brain PS1. Sustained gamma-secretase inhibition did not exert a long-term effect on PS1 activity, evident through the decrease in CTFs of APP and ApoER2. Prolonged avagacestat treatment of rats produced a subtle impairment in anxiety-like behavior. The rebound increase in PS1 in response to GSIs must be taken into consideration for future drug development.
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