| 1. |
- Eckerlund, Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
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Change-oriented patient questionnaires : testing a new method at three departments of ophthalmology.
- 1997
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Ingår i: International journal of health care quality assurance incorporating Leadership in health services. - : MCB University Press. - 1366-0756. ; 10, s. 254-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The use of patient questionnaires has increased widely in recent years. Their purpose, to incorporate patient perspectives into the orientation and design of health care, is, of course, commendable. However, the survey methods themselves have been less adequate, both in terms of validity and reliability, and with respect to the potential for using the results to improve the quality of health care. Presents a pilot study at three departments of ophthalmology in Sweden, involving a new method which meets reasonable demands for validity and reliability, and is explicitly change-oriented.
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| 2. |
- Eckerlund, Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
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Econometric analysis of variation in cesarean section rates : a cross-sectional study of 59 obstetrical departments in Sweden
- 1998
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Ingår i: International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP): HSS Journals. - 1471-6348 .- 0266-4623. ; 14:4, s. 774-787
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to explain the variation in cesarean section rates among hospitals (obstetrical departments) in Sweden, and to discuss its potential economic consequences. Using data from The Swedish Medical Birth Registry 1991, we made a cross-sectional study of the cesarean section rate at the departmental level. We identified some 20 determinants, demand-related as well as supply-related. A general model including all these regressors was specified, After reducing this model, we were able to explain about one-quarter of the variation, We conclude that the large variation in cesarean section rates indicates inefficiency, due mainly to overutilization, but perhaps also underutilization. It is difficult to calculate the economic consequences or the welfare loss to society, We estimated an additional cost for unnecessary cesarean sections of 13-16 million Swedish crowns (SEK) per year.
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| 3. |
- Eckerlund, Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating the effect of cesarean section rate on health outcome : Evidence from Swedish hospital data
- 1999
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Ingår i: International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1471-6348 .- 0266-4623. ; 15:1, s. 123-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper tests the null hypothesis of a zero effect of cesarean section rate on health outcome against the alternative of a positive effect. Using data from 59 hospitals in Sweden from 1988-92, we specify two separate linear regression models for health outcome, one with perinatal mortality, and the other with rate of asphyxia, as dependent variable, We estimate the models by single-year cross-section regressions and as pooled data systems. The null hypothesis cannot be rejected, i.e., we do not find any significant positive effect of cesarean section rate on health outcome. Thus, we conclude that an increase in cesarean section rate does not imply lower perinatal mortality or lower rate of asphyxia. This in turn indicates that the minimum cesarean section rate is optimal.
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| 4. |
- Zethraeus, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Value for money? A contingent valuation study of the optimal size of the Swedish health care budget
- 1995
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Ingår i: Health policy (Amsterdam). - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 1872-6054 .- 0168-8510. ; 34:2, s. 135-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The contingent valuation method has been developed in the environmental field to measure the willingness to pay for environmental changes using survey methods. In this exploratory study the contingent valuation method was used to analyse how much individuals are willing to spend in total in the form of taxes for health care in Sweden, i.e. to analyse the optimal size of the ‘health care budget’ in Sweden. A binary contingent valuation question was included in a telephone survey of a random sample of 1260 households in Sweden. With a conservative interpretation of the data the result shows that 50% of the respondents would accept an increased tax payment to health care of about SEK 60 per month ($1 = SEK 8). It is concluded that the results indicate that the population overall thinks that the current spending on health care in Sweden is on a reasonable level. There seems to be a willingness to increase the tax payments somewhat, but major increases does not seem acceptable to a majority of the population.
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