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- Ahlbäck, Sven, 1960-
(author)
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Melody Beyond Notes : A Study of Melody Cognition
- 2004
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Abstract Melody beyond notes - a study of melody cognition Keywords: Melody, Cognition, Melodic segmentation, Melodic Parallelism, Pitch Structure,Meter, Rhythm, Grouping, Swedish Folk Music, Music Theory, Computer-aided analysis This thesis is a music theoretical approach to cognition of surface structure in monophonic melodies. It can briefly be described as a study into what extent we may acquire a common experience of melodic structure, such as phrase structure, only from listening to a melody. More precisely, this work concerns the question as to whether a cognitively based method of analysis can provide analyses of melodic surface structures in different styles thatwill concur with listeners’ conceptions better than chance. In order to investigate this question a general model of melody cognition wasdeveloped, relying primarily on a few general cognitive principles. The model was designed to be general in the sense that it should apply to any style for which the concept of melody is relevant. This model provided the framework for a computer-aided method of analysis, which performs analysis of different aspects of melodic surface structure based on information of relative pitch and temporal information only. These aspects involve: Categorical perception of pitch and duration at basic levels, such as context-sensitive quantization and melodic pitch categorization; Analysis of metrical and non-metrical temporal structures, e,g. heterometric structures; phrase and section structure, including analysis of structural implications of melodic similarity, structural hierarchy and symmetry. This development has required new theoretical concepts and methods to be created, e.g. regarding the relationship between rhythm and meter, some of which are presented for the first time is this thesis.In order to evaluate the performance of the model a series of listener tests were performed, which together with corpuses of musical notations from different styles, constituted the reference material of the study. This material has included Scandinavian folk music styles and Western classical music, but also examples of Eastern European folk music, Middle East and Indian Classical music, Jazz and Western popular song.The results of these tests indicated that melody can be conceived differently by people even within a limited cultural sphere. But the results also suggested that this variability is possible to model by a rule-based method of analysis, since the predictions given by the model generally were well above chance level. It is herein suggested that variability in grouping conception to a considerable degree can be accounted for in terms of start- and end-oriented grouping preference. Moreover, the results also indicate that important aspects of even culturally foreign music can be conveyed, also in limited melodic stimuli.Generally, the results support the assumption of a general cognitive framework for melodic surface structure. This might be interpreted as to indicate that, metaphorically speaking; melody may indeed be a universal ‘language’, but one which we all understand in our own way.
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- Augustsson, A, et al.
(author)
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The electronic structure and lithiation of electrodes based on vanadium-oxide nanotubes
- 2003
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In: Journal of Applied Physics. ; 94:8, s. 5083-5087
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The synthesis of a novel ligand 2′-[1-(2-pyridinyl)-ethylidene]-oxamohydrazide (Hapsox), from a series of 2-acetylpyridine acylhydrazones, and its complex with Co(III), which is the first in this series of complexes are described. Both the ligand and the complex were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectra, and the structure of the complex [Co(apsox)2]ClO4 was determined by X-ray structural analysis. It was established that [Co(apsox)2]ClO4 has an octahedral geometry with two tridentate apsox ligands in monoanionic form. Structural characteristics, lengths of the bonds, and angles between the bonds were typical for Co(III) complexes of distorted octahedral geometry. Both direct and template synthesis afforded the same geometrical isomer of the complex with two apsox ligands meridionally bound to the central metal ion, even in the case when equimolar quantities of Co(ClO4)2 and Hapsox were applied.
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- Edström, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Carbon electrode morphology and thermal stability of the passivation layer.
- 2001
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In: J. Power Sources. - 0378-7753. ; 97-98, s. 87-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Thermal stability of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI)-layers formed on graphite, mesocarbon microbeads and carbon-black anodes is shown to be dependent on the type lithium salt used in the electrolyte. Exothermic breakdown of the passivation layers
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- Gejke, Cecilia, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Lithium insertion in Sn-P and Sn-B-P oxide glasses
- 2000
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In: Lithium Batteries. Proceedings of the International Symposium (Electrochemical Society Proceedings). - 0161-6374. ; 99-25, s. 144-149.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The behaviour of electrodes based on Sn2P2O7 and Sn2BPO6 glasses during cycling were characterized with diffuse IR reflectance. By removing the electrodes from the half-cells at different stages of the electrochemical cycling it was possible to follow the development of the glass structures during lithium insertion and extraction. It was found that the local network structure around the phosphate groups in the glass experience structural changes by the lithium insertion. These changes are not fully recovered by lithium extraction during the first cycle and are likely related to the initial irreversible loss of capacitance of the electrodes.
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- Gejke, Cecilia, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Structural investigation of the Li+ ion insertion/extraction mechanism in Sn-based composite oxide glasses
- 2001
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In: Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. - 0022-3697. ; 62, s. 1213-1218.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of lithium insertion for two Sn-based composite oxide glasses, Sn2BPO6 and Sn2P2O7, was examined during the first electrochemical discharge/charge cycle. Electrodes based on these glasses were analysed with micro-Raman spectroscopy at different steps during the cycle. In-situ X-ray diffraction has been used to confirm the amorphous state during the lithium insertion and extraction process. No alloy formation between Li and Sn could be discerned throughout the first cycle. It was found that when lithium enters the electrode, a reaction at the surface of the glass particles takes place resulting in Li3PO4, Li2O and SnO2 formation. The charge compensation mechanism is thought to be the reduction of Sn2+ to Sn. The formation of Li3PO4 is found to be irreversible and is as such partly responsible for the large observed capacity loss during the first cycle.
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- Gejke, Cecilia, 1973, et al.
(author)
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The effect of lithium insertion on the structure of tin oxide-based glasses
- 2001
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In: Journal of Power Sources. - 0378-7753. ; 97-98, s. 226-228.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two different SnO-based glasses, Sn2B3O6.5 and Sn2B2AlO6.5, have been examd. with FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy at different stages during the first electrochemical cycle. Some disruption of the connection between borate units in the network occurred during cycling. There was also an irreversible formation of Li3BO3 that can be related to the large capacity loss.
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