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- Eide, W. M., et al.
(författare)
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FIRST-YEAR nursing students’ experiences of simulation involving care of older patients : A descriptive and exploratory study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nurse Education in Practice. - : Elsevier. - 1471-5953 .- 1873-5223. ; 45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mastering geriatric nursing skills takes time and its acquisition should start early in undergraduate nursing training. The purpose of this study is to synthesise and evaluate the learning experiences that first-year nursing students had following geriatric patient simulation and practice of clinical patient handover. Qualitative content analysis of survey comments from first-year students (n = 216) at a large university in Norway were performed. Simulation training included systematic patient observation of scenarios based on genuine geriatric cases in nursing homes and practice of clinical patient handover. Content analyses identified four generic categories: (1) ‘embodying theoretical knowledge’; (2) ‘increased awareness about one's self’; (3) ‘understanding that collaboration is needed’; (4) ‘preparing for future work life’. These themes provide evidence for students integrating geriatric theoretical knowledge with clinical skills as a result of simulation. Analysis of learning experiences shows that geriatric scenario simulation and practice of clinical patient handover are valuable instruments before entering clinical training with geriatric patients, even for novice students. The use of genuine simulation cases and instruction on the use of clinical handover instruments are effective in producing conceptual changes that prepare students for their first encounter with complex, real-world geriatric scenarios.
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| 5. |
- Eide, P. K., et al.
(författare)
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Plasma neurodegeneration biomarker concentrations associate with glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic measures in neurological disorders
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clearance of neurotoxic brain proteins via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to blood has recently emerged to be crucial, and plasma biomarkers of neurodegeneration were newly introduced to predict neurological disease. This study examines in 106 individuals with neurological disorders associations between plasma biomarkers [40 and 42 amino acid-long amyloid-beta (A beta 40 and A beta 42), total-tau, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light (NfL)] and magnetic resonance imaging measures of CSF-mediated clearance from brain via extra-vascular pathways (proxy of glymphatic function) and CSF-to-blood clearance variables from pharmacokinetic modeling (proxy of meningeal lymphatic egress). We also examine how biomarkers vary during daytime and associate with subjective sleep quality. Plasma concentrations of neurodegeneration markers associate with indices of glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic functions in individual- and disease-specific manners, vary during daytime, but are unaffected by sleep quality. The results suggest that plasma concentrations of neurodegeneration biomarkers associate with measures of glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic function. Plasma neurodegeneration biomarkers are increasingly utilized to predict neurological disease. Here, authors show in different neurological disorders associations between plasma neurodegeneration biomarker concentrations and various measures of glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic functions.
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| 6. |
- Frantzen, Astri Tafjord, et al.
(författare)
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Frailty Status and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Octogenarians Following Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement
- 2021
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Ingår i: Heart, Lung and Circulation. - : Elsevier. - 1443-9506 .- 1444-2892. ; 30:8, s. 1221-1231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundFrailty status and patient-reported outcomes are especially pertinent in octogenarians following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) to guide treatment decisions and promote patient-centred care.AimWe aimed to determine if frailty changed 6 months after aortic valve replacement (AVR) in octogenarians, and to describe changes in self-rated health according to frailty status in patients who underwent TAVI or SAVR.MethodIn a prospective cohort study, frailty and self-rated health were measured one day prior to and 6 months after AVR. Frailty status was measured with the Study of Osteoporotic Fracture index. Self-rated health was measured comprehensively with the disease-specific Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, the generic Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-12 questionnaire (SF-12), and two global questions from The World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument Abbreviated.ResultsData were available for 143 consecutive patients (mean age 83 +/- 2.7 years, 57% women; 45% underwent TAVI). At baseline, 34% were robust, 27% prefrail, and 39% frail. Overall, there was no change in the distribution of frailty status 6 months after baseline (p=0.13). However, on an individual level 65 patients changed frailty status after AVR (40 patients improved and 25 declined). Improvement in frailty status was common in prefrail (33%; n=13) and frail patients (48%; n=27). Patients had improved self-rated health after AVR, with significant differences between frailty states both at baseline (SF-12 physical: 37.4 [robust], 33.1 [prefrail], 31.6 [frail], p=0.03); SF-12 mental: 51.9 [robust], 50.8 [prefrail], 44.5 [frail], p<0.001); and at the 6-month follow-up (SF-12 physical: 45.4 [robust], 38.3 [prefrail], 32.1 [frail], p<0.001); SF-12 mental: 54.9 [robust], 49.6 [prefrail], 46.8 [frail], p=0.002).ConclusionsAdvanced treatment performed in a high-risk population allowed people to improve their self-rated health. Although frailty is associated with poor self-rated health, frailty status does not equal negative outcomes. The frail patients were those who improved most in self-rated physical and mental health. They had the lowest baseline self-rated health scores and had therefore the most to gain.
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| 8. |
- Hjern, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Unaccompanied Refugee Minors: A Comparative Study in Norway and Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Coming of Age in Exile. Health and Socio-Economic inequalities in Young Refugees in the Nordic Welfare Societies. - Copenhagen : University of Copenhagen, Department of Public Health. - 9788797277904 ; , s. 89-99
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Kosibaty, Z, et al.
(författare)
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Ras-Related Protein Rab-32 and Thrombospondin 1 Confer Resistance to the EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Osimertinib by Activating Focal Adhesion Kinase in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 14:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) osimertinib is the standard of care for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Osimertinib is also used in T790M-positive NSCLC that may occur de novo or be acquired following first-line treatment with other EGFR TKIs (i.e., gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, or dacomitinib). However, patients treated with osimertinib have a high risk of developing resistance to the treatment. A substantial fraction of the mechanisms for resistance is unknown and may involve RNA and/or protein alterations. In this study, we investigated the full transcriptome of parental and osimertinib-resistant cell lines, revealing 131 differentially expressed genes. Knockdown screening of the genes upregulated in resistant cell lines uncovered eight genes to partly confer resistance to osimertinib. Among them, we detected the expression of Ras-related protein Rab-32 (RAB32) and thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) in plasmas sampled at baseline and at disease progression from EGFR-positive NSCLC patients treated with osimertinib. Both genes were upregulated in progression samples. Moreover, we found that knockdown of RAB32 and THBS1 reduced the expression of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Combination of osimertinib with a FAK inhibitor resulted in synergistic toxicity in osimertinib-resistant cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic drug combination for overcoming resistance to osimertinib in NSCLC patients.
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| 11. |
- Larm, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites as an indicator of adrenocortical activity in Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) and recommendations for future studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Polar Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0722-4060 .- 1432-2056. ; 44:10, s. 1925-1937
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCMs) is a widely used, non-invasive method for studies of stress in vertebrates. To study physiological responses in wild Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) to perceived stressors such as fluctuating food availability, occurrence of competitors and predators and disturbance from human activities, a species-specific physiological validation of a method to evaluate adrenocortical activity is needed. Here we used 15 captive Arctic foxes (both males and females and juveniles and adults) to investigate fGCM concentrations following ACTH injection (physiological validation), or handling alone and compared them with their respective baseline concentrations prior to the treatments. A 5 alpha-pregnane-3ss,11ss,21-triol-20-one enzyme immunoassay measured significant fGCM increases following both treatments. The time lags to reach peak fGCM values were 9.3 +/- 1.3 h and 12.8 +/- 1.7 h for ACTH and handling treatment, respectively. Concentrations of fGCMs varied a lot between individuals, but not attributed to sex nor age of the foxes. However, we found a negative relationship between boldness and fGCM concentrations. Faecal glucocorticoid metabolites concentrations did not change significantly over a period of 48 h in samples kept at temperatures reflecting winter and summer means. This would allow the collection of samples up to two days old in the wild regardless of the season. We conclude that our successfully validated method for measuring fGCMs can be used as a non-invasive tool for studies exploring various stressors both in wild and captive Arctic foxes.
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| 13. |
- Taule, T., et al.
(författare)
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Norwegian version of the Edinburgh cognitive and behavioural ALS screen: Construct validity, internal consistency, inter-rater, and test-retest reliability
- 2023
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Ingår i: Plos One. - 1932-6203. ; 18:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundResearch collaboration highlight a need for validated tests in other languages than English. Translation and culture adjustments may threaten essential features of the original instrument. ObjectiveTo assess the internal consistency, inter-rater and test-retest reliability, and construct validity of the Norwegian version of the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Screen (ECAS-N). MethodsPerformance of 71 subjects with ALS, 85 healthy controls (HC) and 6 controls with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were assessed with the ECAS-N. Test-retest interval was four months. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha; reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Cohen's kappa, and Bland Altman plot. Five hypothesis, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) screen, was evaluated for construct validity. ResultsECAS-N total score produced a Cronbach's alpha of 0.65, had excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.99) and acceptable test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.73). Construct validity analysis suggested valid use of the ECAS-N to distinguish people with ALS-specific cognitive impairment from HC (p = 0.001) and those with AD (p = 0.002). The MoCA and ECAS-N were moderately correlated (r = 0.53). ConclusionThe ECAS-N has potential to be used by different testers in clinical practice and research to screen patients with ALS who speak Norwegian and for documenting cognitive impairment over time.
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