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- Fridner, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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The research collaboration HOUPE: Health and Organisation among University Hospital Physcians in four European countries: Sweden, Norway, Iceland and Italy
- 2008
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Ingår i: BMA – AMA – CMA International conference on Doctors Health, London, 18-20th of November 2008.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Hospital statistics show increased pre-pensioning and sickness absence among physicians in Sweden. In addition, female physicians experience unconstructive work conditions, inequality of pay, and less career advancement than their male counterparts in university hospitals despite increased share of women in medical education. Signs of ill-health among physicians might have severe consequences for people involved, patients, hospital economy and for health service provided. HOUPE is a research collaboration between four University Hospitals in Europe; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim and University Hospital Azienda Ospedaliera, Padova.Objective: In 2002 national research groups anchored at four University Hospitals in Sweden, Norway, Iceland and Italy started a comprehensive research program abbreviated: The HOUPE project intended to provide a systematic comparison of university hospitals in Europe and how the structure and organization of these hospitals affected the research activity, work load, work satisfaction, gender equality, career advancement, health, and wellbeing of physicians. Next phase in our longitudinal design will include the university hospital in Budapest, Hungary.Funding: Medical Association in Iceland and Sweden, SLS - Swedish Physician Society, NorFA, Vinnova, Stockholm City Council, the four University Hospitals.Method: Three level of data collection were executed: Document analysis concerning national frameworks, register data/hospital statistics and a cross sectional survey in 2005/2006 (N = 2095/3867) among permanently employed university hospital physicians in each country.Results: Numerous research projects are scheduled in each country based on these data in different national research project. Preliminary results will be presented based on these ongoing analyzes on differences in the prevalence of harassment level, suicide ideation, hospitals emphasize of clinical research, and the tension between work load and interaction between career and role as caregivers at home, inequality of pay between men and women, and between medical and academic position.Intervention and prevention: Survey feedback seminars (Fridner & Pingel, 2006) with physicians in each clinic and Occupational Stress Index (OSI) for physicians (Belkic, 2003).Conclusions: The lack of studies that address organisational and psychosocial work conditions for physicians in Iceland and Italy makes HOUPE data important for this purpose. Numerous research projects were scheduled in each country based on these data. In addition, HOUPE data will be able to identify existing practices in management systems of university hospitals and trough comparison between the university hospitals highlight best practice.
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- Jönsson, Elisabeth, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating levels of cholecystokinin and gastrin-releasing peptide in rainbow trout fed different diets.
- 2006
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Ingår i: General and Comparative Endocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-6480. ; 148:2, s. 187-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) are gastrointestinal peptides thought to be important regulators of intake and digestion of food in vertebrates. In this study, pre- and postprandial plasma levels of CCK and GRP were measured in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by the establishment of homologous radioimmunoassays, and the hormonal levels assessed in relation to dietary lipid:protein ratio and food intake. Fish were acclimated to either a high protein/low lipid diet (HP/LL diet; 14.1% lipids) or a normal protein/high lipid diet (NP/HL diet; 31.4% lipids). On three consecutive sampling days, radio-dense lead-glass beads were included in the diets for assessment of feed intake. Fish were terminally sampled for blood and stomach contents prior to feeding at time 0, and at 0.3, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h after feeding. There was a postprandial elevation of plasma CCK levels, which was most evident after 4 and 6 h. Fish fed the NP/HL diet had higher plasma CCK levels compared with those fed the HP/LL diet. Plasma CCK levels were not affected by the amount of food ingested. GRP levels in plasma were not influenced by sampling time, diet, or feed intake. The results indicate that the endocrine release of gastrointestinal CCK is increased during feeding and may be further influenced by the dietary lipid:protein ratio in rainbow trout. Plasma GRP levels, on the other hand, appear not to be influenced by feeding or diet composition.
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- Jönsson, Elisabeth, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma ghrelin levels in rainbow trout in response to fasting, feeding and food composition, and effects of ghrelin on voluntary food intake
- 2007
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Ingår i: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-6433. ; 147:4, s. 1116-1124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ghrelin, a peptide hormone which stimulates growth hormone (GH) release, appetite and adiposity in mammals, was recently identified in fish. In this study, the roles of ghrelin in regulating food intake and the growth hormone (GH)–insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated in three experiments: 1) Pre- and postprandial plasma levels of ghrelin were measured in relation to dietary composition and food intake through dietary inclusion of radio-dense lead-glass beads, 2) the effect of a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with rainbow trout ghrelin on short-term voluntary food intake was examined and 3) the effect of one to three weeks fasting on circulating ghrelin levels and the correlation with plasma GH and IGF-I levels, growth and lipid content in the liver and muscle was studied. There was no postprandial change in plasma ghrelin levels. Fish fed a normal-protein/high-lipid (31.4%) diet tended to have higher plasma ghrelin levels than those fed a high-protein/low-lipid (14.1%) diet. Plasma ghrelin levels decreased during fasting and correlated positively with specific growth rates, condition factor, liver and muscle lipid content, and negatively with plasma GH and IGF-I levels. An i.p. ghrelin injection did not affect food intake during 12-hours post-injection. It is concluded that ghrelin release in rainbow trout may be influenced by long-term energy status, and possibly by diet composition. Further, in rainbow trout, ghrelin seems to be linked to growth and metabolism, but does not seem to stimulate short-term appetite through a peripheral action.
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- Power, Deborah M, et al.
(författare)
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The molecular and endocrine basis of flatfish metamorphosis
- 2008
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Ingår i: Reviews in Fisheries Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1064-1262 .- 1547-6553. ; 16:S1, s. 93-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A significant component of aquaculture is the production of good quality larvae, and, in the case of flatfish, this is tied up with the change from a symmetric larva to an asymmetric juvenile. Despite the pioneering work carried out on the metamorphosis of the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), the underlying molecular basis of flatfish metamorphosis is still relatively poorly characterized. It is a thyroid hormone (TH) driven process, and the role of other hormones in the regulation of the process along with the interplay of abiotic factors are still relatively poorly characterized as is the extent of tissue and organ remodeling, which underlie the profound structural and functional modifications that accompany the larval/juvenile transition. The isolation of genes for hormones, receptors, binding proteins, and other accessory factors has provided powerful tools with which to pursue this question. The application of molecular methodologies such as candidate gene approaches and microarray analysis coupled to functional genomics has started to contribute to understanding the complexity of tissue and organ modifications that accompany flatfish metamorphosis. A better understanding of the biology of normal metamorphosis is essential to identify factors contributing to abnormal metamorphosis.
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