| 1. |
- Backhaus, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive pneumococcal isolates from a region in south-west Sweden 1998-2001.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 39:1, s. 19-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Invasive disease caused by antibiotic resistant pneumococci is a worldwide problem. All invasive pneumococcal strains in an area of south-west Sweden with 1.7 million inhabitants were collected prospectively during 1998-2001. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by E-test and correlated to serotypes and clinical characteristics. Of 827 strains, 744 (90%) were susceptible (S) to all agents tested and 83 (10%) were indeterminate (I) or resistant (R) to at least 1 agent. 22 isolates (2.7%) were I to penicillin (MIC >0.06 to < or = 1.0 mg/l), but none were R (MIC >1.0 mg/l). Numbers and proportions of decreased susceptibility against other agents tested were as follows: erythromycin R: 30 (3.6%), clindamycin R: 6 (0.7%), tetracycline R: 16 (1.9%), moxifloxacin R: 1 (0.1%), cotrimoxazole I: 17 (2%) and R: 31(4%). Non-susceptibility to at least 1 agent was not correlated with age, clinical manifestation, underlying diseases and outcome. The serotype distribution differed between non-susceptible and susceptible strains. The serotypes in the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine covered 42% of all infections and 73% of those caused by non-susceptible strains. In conclusion, the impact of antibiotic resistance in invasive pneumococcal disease remains limited in south-west Sweden.
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| 2. |
- Blomqvist, My, et al.
(författare)
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How do children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder interact in a clinical dental examination? : A video analysis.
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oral Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 113:3, s. 203-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is currently the most common behavioural disorder in school-age children. The aim of this study was to perform a detailed analysis of behavioural interactions between the dentist and the child patient with ADHD. All children born in 1991(n=555) in one Swedish municipality were screened for attention and learning problems and assessed for ADHD: Twenty-two children with ADHD and a control group of 47 children without attention and learning problems were included in the study. The dental recall visit was recorded on video. The interaction between the dentist and the child was analyzed in detail and scored as verbal and nonverbal initiatives and responses. Compared to the children in the control group, the children with ADHD made significantly more initiatives, especially initiatives that did not focus on the eaxmination or the dentist. The children with ADHD had fewer verbal responses and more missing responses. In conclusion, the problems in communication resulted in less two-way communication between the dentist and the children with ADHD than the interaction between the dentist and the children in the control group. The children with ADHD had particular difficulties staying focused on the examination.
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| 3. |
- Blomqvist, My, et al.
(författare)
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Oral health, dental anxiety, and behavior management problems in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oral Science. - 0909-8836. ; 114:5, s. 385-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common developmental disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate whether children with ADHD have a higher caries prevalence, a higher degree of dental anxiety, or more dental behavior management problems (BMP) than children of a control group. Twenty-five children with ADHD and a control group of 58 children, all aged 11 yr, were included in the study. The children underwent a clinical dental examination, and bitewing radiographs were taken. The parents completed the Dental Subscale of Children's Fear Survey Schedule (CFSS-DS). Dental records from the subjects were obtained, and data regarding notes on behavior management problems (BMP) of the children when between 3 and 10 yr of age were compiled. Compared with controls, children with ADHD had significantly higher decayed, missing or filled surfaces (DMFS) (2.0 +/- 3.0 vs. 1.0 +/- 1.5) and significantly higher decayed surfaces (DS) (1.7 +/- 3.6 vs. 0.5 +/- 0.9). Differences between the groups regarding CFSS-DS scores were non-significant. In the ADHD group, the prevalence of BMP increased when the children were between 7 and 9 yr of age. In conclusion, children with ADHD exhibited a higher caries prevalence, did not exhibit a higher degree of dental anxiety, and had more BMP than children of a control group.
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| 4. |
- Ek, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive and behavioural characteristics in blind children with bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253. ; 94:10, s. 1421-1426
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To describe cognitive and behavioural characteristics in a group of blind children with bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH). Methods: Data from records, parents, teachers, and repeated developmental assessments of 13 blind children with ONH born in 1988–1998 were analysed. All children had neuroimaging and/or hormonal evidence of midline malformations. They were all blind and able to communicate with speech. Results: Severe mood swings and temper tantrums were common, especially during the first years of life. Later in life, sluggish tempo, low frustration tolerance and a narrow range of interests were common. Autism had been diagnosed in 6/13 children, autistic-like condition (ALC) was found in another three. The behaviour of the remaining four children was not within the autism spectrum. Eight children had cognitive capacities within the normal or near-normal range; five had mental retardation. Autism/ALC was found in all cognitive subgroups. All children exhibited fluent speech and, of these, 12 had started to talk at the expected age, but had clear deficiencies in communicative ability. Conclusion: These children had a common pattern of behavioural characteristics including autism spectrum disorders independent of intellectual capacities.
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| 5. |
- Ek, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive strengths and deficits in schoolchildren with ADHD.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 96:5, s. 756-761
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Few studies provide detailed analyses of the various aspects of the entire cognitive profile of children with ADHD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cognitive test data were analysed for 10- to 11-year-old children with (1) ADHD, (2) subthreshold ADHD and (3) milder attention and/or learning problems, and compared with normative data. RESULTS: Thirty-two had ADHD and 10 met the criteria for subthreshold ADHD, prevalence rates of 5.4% and 1.6%, respectively. On a group level, children with ADHD/subthreshold ADHD, and those with milder attention and/or learning problems had almost identical cognitive profiles for the 13 subtests comprising the WISC III, with particularly low results on the arithmetic, coding, information and digit span subtests (ACID profile). When analyzed individually, a complete or incomplete ACID profile (three of four subtests) was equally common in children with ADHD/subthreshold ADHD and in children with milder problems, found in about 1/5. The relative strengths of both groups were in areas demanding logical thinking, reasoning and common sense. CONCLUSION: The specific ACID profile is as common in children with ADHD as in those with minor attention and/or learning problems. The cognitive weaknesses reflected in the ACID profile might play a role as an underlying factor in various developmental disorders.
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| 6. |
- Ek, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Self-esteem in children with attention and/or learning deficits : the importance of gender
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 97:8, s. 1125-1130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Our objective was to analyze self-esteem in children within a spectrum of attention disorders, that is, besides attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), also children with subthreshold ADHD and even milder attention deficits and/or learning problems.Methods: From a population-based group of 10–11-year-old children in a Swedish municipality those with ADHD/subthreshold ADHD (n = 30) and those with milder attention and/or learning problems (n = 64) were targeted for the study. The children completed the 'I think I am' scale, reflecting physical appearance, scholastic competence, mental well-being, relationships to parents and to others and global self-esteem. Data from boys and girls were compared and related to the parents' and teachers' ratings on the two dimensions of the Conners' 10-item questionnaire (impulsive-restless behaviour and emotional lability) and to the children's cognitive levels.Results: Significant gender differences were found, girls reporting lower self-esteem concerning mental well-being and poorer relationships with parents and peers. However, children with ADHD/subthreshold ADHD did not report significantly lower global self-esteem when compared to a reference population.Conclusion: Self-esteem in children with attention, behaviour and/or learning problems has to be carefully evaluated, especially in girls, and measures are needed to prevent a trajectory towards adolescent psychopathology.
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| 7. |
- Ekman, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Innovationer i vårdens vardag: De små stegens väg till förändring
- 2007
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tillitsfulla relationer mellan vårdpersonal, administratörer och politiker har en avgörande betydelse för vårdens omställning och det förnyelsearbete som bedrivs. Dessa relationer behöver systematiseras, stödjas för att fyllas med utvecklingskraft. Organisationer som medvetet satsar på att bygga dessa relationer för att bedriva verksamhet skapar innovationer i små steg”. Dessa tankar blev vägledande i arbetet med ett aktionsforskningsprojekt om framtidens närsjukvård i Västra Skaraborg. Analysen av det treåriga samarbetet visar på betydelsen av en pågående verksamhetsutveckling inifrån, baserad på vårdpersonalens egna erfarenheter och kunskaper om sin praktik. I en regional utvecklingskoalition med vårdens olika intressenter kunde arbetsformer, aktiviteter, mötesarenor etc. ta form för att underlätta och förnya samarbetet runt patienten. Erfarenheterna kan nu ligga till grund för fortsatt verksamhetsutveckling. Boken riktar sig till dig som arbetar med eller är intresserad av utvecklingsarbete av hälso- och sjukvårdsverksamhet. Boken kan läsas av både politiker, administratörer och vårdpersonalen då förmågan till samarbete mellan olika aktörer är ett av bokens huvudbudskap. Den är också lämplig för grundutbildning och fortbildning av vårdpersonal och hälso- och sjukvårdsadministratörer samt för kurser i organisationsutveckling.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Westerlund, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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The Conners' 10-item scale: findings in a total population of Swedish 10–11-year-old children
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 98:5, s. 828-833
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To present normative data for the Swedish version of the Conners' 10-item scale, to validate the scale by comparing children with and without attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), to explore the factor structure of this scale and to investigate behavioural characteristics and gender differences among 10- to 11-year-old children, as rated by parents and teachers respectively.Methods: Parents and teachers rated 509 10- to 11-year-old children (261 boys and 248 girls) from a population-based cohort in a Swedish municipality.Results: The Conners' 10-item scale discriminated very well between children with and without ADHD. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed a two-dimensional structure of the scale with items measuring restless/impulsive behaviour in one factor and items measuring emotional lability in another. An ANOVA revealed that parents and teachers reported different behavioural characteristics in boys as compared to girls.Conclusion: The Conners' 10-item scale is a valid screening instrument for identification of ADHD. The two subscales can be used separately, in addition to the total score, to get a more detailed picture of the child's behaviour. Parents and teachers pay attention to different aspects of problem behaviour in boys and girls. The less disruptive behaviour of girls needs to be highlighted.
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