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- Pekny, M, et al.
(författare)
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Abnormal reaction to central nervous system injury in mice lacking glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin
- 1999
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Ingår i: The Journal of cell biology. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 0021-9525 .- 1540-8140. ; 145:3, s. 503-514
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In response to injury of the central nervous system, astrocytes become reactive and express high levels of the intermediate filament (IF) proteins glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, and nestin. We have shown that astrocytes in mice deficient for both GFAP and vimentin (GFAP−/−vim−/−) cannot form IFs even when nestin is expressed and are thus devoid of IFs in their reactive state. Here, we have studied the reaction to injury in the central nervous system in GFAP−/−, vimentin−/−, or GFAP−/−vim−/− mice. Glial scar formation appeared normal after spinal cord or brain lesions in GFAP−/− or vimentin−/− mice, but was impaired in GFAP−/−vim−/− mice that developed less dense scars frequently accompanied by bleeding. These results show that GFAP and vimentin are required for proper glial scar formation in the injured central nervous system and that some degree of functional overlap exists between these IF proteins.
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- Bokvist, K, et al.
(författare)
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Co-localization of L-type Ca2+ channels and insulin-containing secretory granules and its significance for the initiation of exocytosis in mouse pancreatic B-cells
- 1995
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Ingår i: EMBO Journal. - 1460-2075. ; 14:1, s. 50-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have monitored L-type Ca2+ channel activity, local cytoplasmic Ca2+ transients, the distribution of insulin-containing secretory granules and exocytosis in individual mouse pancreatic B-cells. Subsequent to the opening of the Ca2+ channels, exocytosis is initiated with a latency < 100 ms. The entry of Ca2+ that precedes exocytosis is unevenly distributed over the cell and is concentrated to the region with the highest density of secretory granules. In this region, the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration is 5- to 10-fold higher than in the remainder of the cell reaching concentrations of several micromolar. Single-channel recordings confirm that the L-type Ca2+ channels are clustered in the part of the cell containing the secretory granules. This arrangement, which is obviously reminiscent of the 'active zones' in nerve terminals, can be envisaged as being favourable to the B-cell as it ensures that the Ca2+ transient is maximal and restricted to the part of the cell where it is required to rapidly initiate exocytosis whilst at the same time minimizing the expenditure of metabolic energy to subsequently restore the resting Ca2+ concentration.
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- Eliasson, T, et al.
(författare)
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Myocardial turnover of endogenous opioids and calcitonin-gene-related peptide in the human heart and the effects of spinal cord stimulation on pacing-induced angina pectoris.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Cardiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0008-6312 .- 1421-9751. ; 89:3, s. 170-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Earlier studies have shown that spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has antianginal and anti-ischemic effects in severe coronary artery disease. In the present study, 14 patients were subjected to right-sided atrial catheterization and atrial pacing. The patients were paced to angina during a control session and during spinal cord stimulation. Myocardial extraction of beta-endorphin (BE) during control pacing (8 +/- 22%) changed to release at the maximum pacing rate during treatment (-21 +/- 47%, a negative value representing release). Furthermore, the results indicate local myocardial turnover of leuenkephalin, BE and calcitonin-gene-related peptide. In addition, it is implied that SCS may induce myocardial release of BE which could explain the beneficial effects in myocardial ischemia.
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- Khorram-Manesh, Amir, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Adrenocortical carcinoma: surgery and mitotane for treatment and steroid profiles for follow-up.
- 1998
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Ingår i: World journal of surgery. - 0364-2313. ; 22:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare disease with a poor prognosis. It has been difficult to establish a strict treatment program for ACC, and better treatment alternatives and diagnostic tools must be sought. Even though surgery is the treatment of choice, the role of surgery in advanced disease has been questioned. Eighteen consecutive patients were treated at our unit over a 22-year period (1975-1997). All patients underwent surgery and were followed by our protocol, which includes urinary steroid profiles, clinical examinations, analysis of steroid hormones, and radiologic investigations. Twelve patients received mitotane with drug concentration measurements to deliver an effective, nontoxic dose. The median duration of mitotane treatment was 12 months. Few side effects were observed. Four patients with low-stage tumors underwent second-look operations with no pathologic findings. Five patients were subjected to repeat operations, and the mean duration of the disease-free interval before repeat surgery for these patients was 59 months. There was a significant positive correlation between the disease-free interval and the observed survival after repeat surgery. Eleven patients with intentionally curative surgery had their urinary steroid profiles tested several times postoperatively. For five patients preoperative urine samples were also available. Steroid profiles indicated recurrent disease despite normal radiologic findings in two of these five patients. The follow-up ranged from 6 weeks to 24 years. The predicted 5-year survival was 58% according to the Kaplan-Meier method. We conclude that monitoring serum concentrations of mitotane makes long-term treatment possible with few side effects; steroid profile analysis can be used for early detection of tumor recurrence; and repeat surgery for recurrence is of value for patients with long disease-free intervals.
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- Norrsell, H, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of pacing-induced myocardial stress and spinal cord stimulation on whole body and cardiac norepinephrine spillover.
- 1997
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Ingår i: European heart journal. - 0195-668X. ; 18:12, s. 1890-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spinal cord stimulation has been used in the treatment of intractable angina pectoris since the beginning of the 1980s. This study was designed to investigate whether the documented anti-ischaemic effects of spinal cord stimulation are mediated through a decrease in sympathetic activity.Ten patients with a spinal cord stimulator implanted as anti-anginal treatment were included in the study. Atrial pacing until the patient experienced moderate angina was performed and after 50 min rest the procedure was repeated during spinal cord stimulation. Total body and cardiac norepinephrine spillover was calculated and the former was found to have increased during pacing (47%, P = 0.02). When spinal cord stimulation was applied, total body norepinephrine spillover decreased at a comparable pacing rate (18%, P = 0.02). Cardiac norepinephrine spillover was not affected during the procedure.The results of this study indicate that the anti-ischaemic effect of spinal cord stimulation is not due to reduced cardiac sympathetic activity. However, spinal cord stimulation decreases overall sympathetic activity which may benefit the heart, possibly by reducing oxygen demand.
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- Örnebro, J, et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption of α-, β-, γ- and ω-Gliadins onto Hydrophobic Surfaces
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Cereal Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0733-5210. ; 77:5, s. 105-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adsorption onto hydrophobic surfaces of α-, β-, γ-, and ω-gliadins from the wheat variety Chinese Spring was studied by means of in situ ellipsometry. Most measurements were conducted in 0·01m phosphate buffer, pH 6·0, with the protein concentrations 1, 5 and 25 μg/mL. The adsorbed amount varied between 1·3 and 11·4 mg/m2, which is high considering the low protein concentrations. The concentration dependence was largest for the α-gliadins and lowest for the ω-gliadins. An intermediate concentration dependence was found for the β- and γ-gliadins, which also behaved similarly in all experiments. It was suggested that α-gliadins aggregated at the surface to a larger extent than the other gliadins when the protein concentration was 25 μg/mL. Further, it seemed as β- and γ-gliadins switched from a side-on orientation (major axis parallel to the surface) to an end-on orientation (major axis perpendicular to the surface) with increasing concentration, contrasting to the ω-gliadins that probably had side-on orientation at all concentrations. Sequential adsorption measurements indicated that α-, β-, and γ-gliadins blocked adsorption of ω-gliadins, but could replace ω-gliadins in a previously formed layer.
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