| 1. |
- Cavalieri, A L, et al.
(författare)
-
Clocking femtosecond X rays.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Phys Rev Lett. - 0031-9007. ; 94:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Linear-accelerator-based sources will revolutionize ultrafast x-ray science due to their unprecedented brightness and short pulse duration. However, time-resolved studies at the resolution of the x-ray pulse duration are hampered by the inability to precisely synchronize an external laser to the accelerator. At the Sub-Picosecond Pulse Source at the Stanford Linear-Accelerator Center we solved this problem by measuring the arrival time of each high energy electron bunch with electro-optic sampling. This measurement indirectly determined the arrival time of each x-ray pulse relative to an external pump laser pulse with a time resolution of better than 60 fs rms.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson, Lise-Lotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Extensive Gamma-ray Spectroscopy of Normally and Superdeformed Structures in 61Cu
- 2008
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. Hadrons and Nuclei. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6001. ; 36:3, s. 251-278
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A largely extended experimental knowledge of the Cu-61(29)32 nucleus has been obtained from three experiments. Excited states in Cu-61 were produced via the fusion-evaporation reaction Si-28(Ar-36, 3p)Cu-61. In addition to the Ge array GAMMASPHERE, neutron and charged-particle detectors placed around the target position were used for high-performance particle spectroscopy. The constructed level scheme includes more than 160 energy levels and 320 gamma-ray transitions belonging to both normally deformed as well as superdeformed rotational structures. The multipolarities have been determined for the gamma-ray transitions and as a result spin-parity assignments are given for nearly all energy levels. Experimental results in the normally deformed region are compared with predictions from large-scale shell model calculations. The collective structures are compared with results from cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations. The results reveal the need to modify the standard Nilsson parameters in the mass A similar to 60 region.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Johansson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
-
Prompt Proton Decay and Deformed Bands in 56Ni
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 77:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-spin states in the doubly magic N=Z nucleus Ni-56 have been investigated with three fusion-evaporation reaction experiments. New gamma-ray transitions are added, and a confirmation of a previously suggested prompt proton decay from a rotational band in Ni-56 into the ground state of Co-55 is presented. The rotational bands in Ni-56 are discussed within the framework of cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations.
|
|
| 6. |
- Johansson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
-
Prompt Proton Decay in the Vicinity of 56Ni
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Proton Emitting Nuclei and Related Topics. - : AIP. - 1551-7616 .- 0094-243X. ; 961, s. 41-46
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new decay mode, the so called prompt proton decay, was discovered in 1998. It has since proven to be an important decay mechanism for several neutron deficient nuclei in the A similar to 60 region. To measure with high accuracy the energies and angular distributions of these protons, a state-of-the-art charged particle detector - LuWuSiA - was developed. It was first utilized during a fusion-evaporation reaction experiment performed at Argonne National Laboratory, U.S.A. In this contribution, the characteristics of the prompt proton decay are discussed along with the special features of LuWuSiA as well as a revisit to the prompt proton decay in Cu-58.
|
|
| 7. |
- Johansson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
-
Thorough Gamma-ray and Particle Decay Investigations of 58Ni
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 80:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The combined data from three fusion-evaporation reaction experiments have been utilized to investigate the semi-magic nucleus Ni-58(28)30. To detect gamma rays in coincidence with evaporated particles, the Ge-detector array Gammasphere was used in conjunction with the charged-particle detectors Microball and LuWuSiA (the Lund Washington University Silicon Array), and a neutron detector array. The results yield a significantly extended level scheme of Ni-58 comprising some 340 gamma-ray transitions and include a total of at least 14 discrete particle decays into excited states of the daughter nuclei Fe-54 and Co-57. The level scheme is compared with large-scale shell-model calculations and cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations.
|
|
| 8. |
- Szatmari, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Mapping autism risk loci using genetic linkage and chromosomal rearrangements.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 39:3, s. 319-328
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are common, heritable neurodevelopmental conditions. The genetic architecture of ASDs is complex, requiring large samples to overcome heterogeneity. Here we broaden coverage and sample size relative to other studies of ASDs by using Affymetrix 10K SNP arrays and 1,168 families with at least two affected individuals, performing the largest linkage scan to date while also analyzing copy number variation in these families. Linkage and copy number variation analyses implicate chromosome 11p12-p13 and neurexins, respectively, among other candidate loci. Neurexins team with previously implicated neuroligins for glutamatergic synaptogenesis, highlighting glutamate-related genes as promising candidates for contributing to ASDs.
|
|
| 9. |
- Torres, D. A., et al.
(författare)
-
Deformations and Magnetic Rotations in the 60Ni Nucleus
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 78:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data from three experiments using the heavy-ion fusion evaporation-reaction Ar-36+Si-28 have been combined to study high-spin states in the residual nucleus Ni-60, which is populated via the evaporation of four protons from the compound nucleus Ge-64. The GAMMASPHERE array was used for all the experiments in conjunction with a 4 pi charged-particle detector arrays (MICROBALL, LUWUSIA) and neutron detectors (NEUTRON SHELL) to allow for the detection of. rays in coincidence with the evaporated particles. An extended Ni-60 level scheme is presented, comprising more than 270 gamma-ray transitions and 110 excited states. Their spins and parities have been assigned via directional correlations of gamma rays emitted from oriented states. Spherical shell-model calculations in the fp-shell characterize some of the low-spin states, while the experimental results of the rotational bands are analyzed with configuration-dependent cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations.
|
|
| 10. |
- Gabrysch, Markus, et al.
(författare)
-
Formation of secondary electron cascades in single-crystalline plasma-deposited diamond upon exposure to femtosecond x-ray pulses
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 103:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Secondary electron cascades were measured in high purity single-crystalline chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond, following exposure to ultrashort hard x-ray pulses (140 fs full width at half maximum, 8.9 keV energy) from the Sub-Picosecond Pulse Source at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. We report measurements of the pair creation energy and of drift mobility of carriers in two CVD diamond crystals. This was done for the first time using femtosecond x-ray excitation. Values for the average pair creation energy were found to be 12.17 +/- 0.57 and 11.81 +/- 0.59 eV for the two crystals, respectively. These values are in good agreement with recent theoretical predictions. The average drift mobility of carriers, obtained by the best fit to device simulations, was mu(h)= 2750 cm(2)/V s for holes and was mu(e)= 2760 cm(2) / V s for electrons. These mobility values represent lower bounds for charge mobilities due to possible polarization of the samples. The results demonstrate outstanding electric properties and the enormous potential of diamond in ultrafast x-ray detectors.
|
|
| 11. |
- Regan, P. H., et al.
(författare)
-
First Results from the Stopped RISING Campaign at GSI: The Mapping of Isomeric Decays in Highly Exotic Nuclei
- 2007
-
Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : AIP. - 0094-243X. - 9780735413283 ; 899, s. 19-22
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first results from the Stopped Beam RISING experimental campaign performed at the GSI laboratory in Darmstadt, Germany, are presented. RISING (Rare ISotope INvestigations at GSI) constitutes a major new experimental program in European nuclear structure physics research aimed at using relativistic‐energy, projectile‐fragmentation reactions to study nuclei with exotic proton‐to‐neutron ratios. This paper introduces the physics aims of the Stopped RISING collaboration and presents some technical details and initial results from experiments using the RISING array to study decays from metastable nuclear states in both proton and neutron‐rich nuclei.
|
|
| 12. |
- Sparr, Emma, et al.
(författare)
-
Molecular organization in striated domains induced by transmembrane alpha-helical peptides in dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine bilayers
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 44:1, s. 2-10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transmembrane (TM) alpha-helical peptides with neutral flanking residues such as tryptophan form highly ordered striated domains when incorporated in gel-state 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) bilayers and inspected by atomic force microscopy (AFM) (1). In this study, we analyze the molecular organization of these striated domains using AFM, photo-cross-linking, fluorescence spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and X-ray diffraction techniques on different functionalized TM peptides. The results demonstrate that the striated domains consist of linear arrays of single TM peptides with a dominantly antiparallel organization in which the peptides interact with each other and with lipids. The peptide arrays are regularly spaced by +/-8.5 nm and are separated by somewhat perturbed gel-state lipids with hexagonally organized acyl chains, which have lost their tilt. This system provides an example of how domains of peptides and lipids can be formed in membranes as a result of a combination of specific peptide-peptide and peptide-lipid interactions.
|
|
| 13. |
- Sparr, Emma, et al.
(författare)
-
Self-association of transmembrane alpha-helices in model membranes - Importance of helix orientation and role of hydrophobic mismatch
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 280:47, s. 39324-39331
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interactions between transmembrane helices play a key role in almost all cellular processes involving membrane proteins. We have investigated helix-helix interactions in lipid bilayers with synthetic tryptophan-flanked peptides that mimic the membrane spanning parts of membrane proteins. The peptides were functionalized with pyrene to allow the self-association of the helices to be monitored by pyrene fluorescence and Trp-pyrene fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Specific labeling of peptides at either their N or C terminus has shown that helix-helix association occurs almost exclusively between antiparallel helices. Furthermore, computer modeling suggested that antiparallel association arises primarily from the electrostatic interactions between alpha-helix backbone atoms. We propose that such interactions may provide a force for the preferentially antiparallel association of helices in polytopic membrane proteins. Helix-helix association was also found to depend on the lipid environment. In bilayers of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, in which the hydrophobic length of the peptides approximately matched the bilayer thickness, association between the helices was found to require peptide/lipid ratios exceeding 1/25. Self-association of the helices was promoted by either increasing or decreasing the bilayer thickness, and by adding cholesterol. These results indicate that helix-helix association in membrane proteins can be promoted by unfavorable protein-lipid interactions.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Adler, Ruth E., et al.
(författare)
-
Sediment record from the western Arctic Ocean with an improved Late Quaternary age resolution : HOTRAX core HLY0503-8JPC, Mendeleev Ridge
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Global and Planetary Change. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-8181 .- 1872-6364. ; 68:02-jan, s. 18-29
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sediment core HLY0503-8JPC raised by the HOTRAX'05 expedition from the Mendeleev Ridge was analyzed for multiple lithological, paleontological. and stable-isotopic proxies to reconstruct paleoceanographic conditions in the western Arctic Ocean during the Late Quaternary. The core, extensively sampled in the upper 5 m, reveals pronounced changes in sedimentary environments during the ca. 250 kyr interval encompassing Marine Isotopic Stages (MIS) 1 to 7. An estimated average resolution of 500 yr/sample, at least for the last glacial cycle including the last interglacial, provides more detail than seen in other sedimentary records from the western Arctic Ocean. The age control is provided by C-14 and amino acid racemization measurements on planktonic foraminifers and correlations with the stratigraphy developed for the central Lomonosov Ridge and with glacial events at the Eurasian Arctic margin. Cyclic variations in lithology combined with foraminiferal abundance and stable-isotopic composition indicate profound changes in hydrographic and depositional environments between interglacial-type and glacial-type periods apparently reflecting a combination of 100-kyr and precessional time scales. This periodicity is complicated by abrupt iceberg- and/or meltwater-discharge events with variable (Laurentide vs. Eurasian) provenance. The proxy record from the interval identified as the last interglacial (MIS 5e), which may aid in understanding the future state of the Arctic Ocean, indicates low ice conditions and possibly enhanced stratification of the water column.
|
|
| 16. |
- Andersson, Lise-Lotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Classification of Superdeformed Bands in the Mass A~60 Region
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics. - : AIP. - 9780735406032 ; 1072, s. 211-214
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The experimental knowledge of the Cu-61(29)32 and Zn-61(30)31 nuclei has been largely extended via the joint results from three experiments. The fusion-evaporation reaction used a Ar-36 beam and a Si-28 target foil to produce the two nuclei via the evaporation of either three protons (Cu-61) or two protons and a neutron (Zn-61). The experimental set-ups comprised the Ge-array GAMMASPHERE as well as neutron and charged-particle detectors placed around the target position. The resulting level schemes include around ten rotational superdeformed structures in each isotope. Most of them are linked to normally deformed states and in many cases spins and parities of the low-lying states in each structure have been determined. The collective structures are compared with results from configuration dependent Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations. The different structures are in general well understood from the calculation but the results do also suggest modifications of the standard Nilsson parameters in the mass A similar to 60 region.
|
|
| 17. |
- Andersson, Lise-Lotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Gamma-ray Spectroscopy of Excited States in 61Zn
- 2006
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. Hadrons and Nuclei. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6001. ; 30:2, s. 381-390
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Zn-61(30)31 isotope has been produced at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the fusion-evaporation reaction Ca-40(Mg-24, 2pn)Zn-61 at 104 MeV. The experimental set-up allowed gamma-rays to be detected in the CLARION Ge detector array in coincidence with the detection of recoiling nuclei in the focal plane at the end of the recoil mass spectrometer. This provides a unique identification of gamma-rays belonging to Zn-61. The excited states have been explored by means of recoil-gamma gamma coincidences, and the resulting decay scheme comprises almost 70 transitions. The data reveal numerous non-yrast states and suggest a revised spin and parity assignment for a previously observed superdeformed band. The resulting decay scheme is compared to predictions from different sets of large-scale shell model calculations.
|
|
| 18. |
- Artin, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of carbon dioxide on neurotoxin gene expression in nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum type E
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 74:8, s. 2391-2397
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon dioxide is an antimicrobial gas commonly used in modified atmosphere packaging. In the present study, the effects of carbon dioxide on the growth of and neurotoxin production by nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum type E were studied during the growth cycle. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to quantify expression of the type E botulinum neurotoxin gene (cntE) and the formation of type E neurotoxin. The expression levels of cntE were similar in two strains, with relative expression peaking in the transition between exponential phase and stationary phase. In stationary phase, cntE mRNA expression declined rapidly. The cntE mRNA half-life was calculated to be approximately 9 minutes. Neurotoxin formation occurred in late exponential phase and stationary phase. High carbon dioxide concentrations delayed growth by increasing the lag time and decreasing the maximum growth rate. The effects of carbon dioxide concentration on relative neurotoxin gene expression and neurotoxin formation were significant. Expression of cntE mRNA and the formation of extracellular neurotoxin were twofold higher with a headspace carbon dioxide concentration of 70% (vol/vol) compared to 10% (vol/vol). This finding sheds a new, cautionary light on the potential risks of botulism associated with the use of modified atmosphere packaging. Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
|
|
| 19. |
- Avent, Neil D., et al.
(författare)
-
The Bloodgen Project of the European Union, 2003-2009
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy. - : S. Karger AG. - 1660-3818 .- 1660-3796. ; 36:3, s. 162-167
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Bloodgen project was funded by the European Commission between 2003 and 2006, and involved academic blood centres, universities, and Progenika Biopharma S. A., a commercial supplier of genotyping platforms that incorporate glass arrays. The project has led to the development of a commercially available product, BLOODchip, that can be used to comprehensively genotype an individual for all clinically significant blood groups. The intention of making this system available is that blood services and perhaps even hospital blood banks would be able to obtain extended information concerning the blood group of routine blood donors and vulnerable patient groups. This may be of significant use in the current management of multi-transfused patients who become alloimmunised due to incomplete matching of blood groups. In the future it can be envisaged that better matching of donor-patient blood could be achieved by comprehensive genotyping of every blood donor, especially regular ones. This situation could even be extended to genotyping every individual at birth, which may prove to have significant long-term health economic benefits as it may be coupled with detection of inborn errors of metabolism.
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Boström, Emma, 1975-
(författare)
-
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Oxycodone and Morphine with Emphasis on Blood-Brain Barrier Transport
- 2007
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oxycodone and morphine was investigated and related to the transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rats. The influence of a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor on the plasma pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oxycodone was evaluated. Microdialysis experiments were conducted to evaluate the unbound pharmacokinetics, including the rate and extent of transport across the BBB, of oxycodone and morphine. Mathematical models were used to assess the pharmacokinetics and also the relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drugs.Oxycodone clearance, volume of distribution at steady-state, half-life, total brain tissue concentrations and tail-flick latency were all unaffected when a P-gp inhibitor was co-administered with oxycodone as compared to a control group. The lack of differences between the groups indicates that oxycodone BBB transport is not affected by P-gp inhibition. Investigating the unbound concentrations of oxycodone in brain and blood using microdialysis revealed an exciting finding. At steady-state, the unbound concentration in brain was 3 times higher than in blood (i.e. a Kp,uu of 3), indicating that active influx is involved in the BBB transport of oxycodone. In contrast, the Kp,uu of morphine was estimated to 0.56, which is an indication that active efflux mechanisms are involved in the BBB transport of morphine. This means that based on the same unbound concentration in blood, an approximately 6-fold higher unbound concentration of oxycodone compared to morphine will be reached in the brain. Using pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling, the unbound brain concentrations of oxycodone and morphine were correlated to the tail-flick latency in vivo. The relative potency of the drugs was found to be concentration dependent with an infliction point of 55 nM.In summary, this thesis emphasise the importance of taking the local brain pharmacokinetics into consideration when investigating the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of centrally acting drugs.
|
|
| 22. |
- Dare, Emma V., et al.
(författare)
-
Genipin Cross-Linked Fibrin Hydrogels for in vitro Human Articular Cartilage Tissue-Engineered Regeneration
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Cells Tissues Organs. - : Karger. - 1422-6405 .- 1422-6421. ; 190:6, s. 313-325
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our objective was to examine the potential of a genipin cross-linked human fibrin hydrogel system as a scaffold for articular cartilage tissue engineering. Human articular chondrocytes were incorporated into modified human fibrin gels and evaluated for mechanical properties, cell viability, gene expression, extracellular matrix production and subcutaneous biodegradation. Genipin, a naturally occurring compound used in the treatment of inflammation, was used as a cross-linker. Genipin cross-linking did not significantly affect cell viability, but significantly increased the dynamic compression and shear moduli of the hydrogel. The ratio of the change in collagen II versus collagen I expression increased more than 8-fold over 5 weeks as detected with real-time RT-PCR. Accumulation of collagen II and aggrecan in hydrogel extracellular matrix was observed after 5 weeks in cell culture. Overall, our results indicate that genipin appeared to inhibit the inflammatory reaction observed 3 weeks after subcutaneous implantation of the fibrin into rats. Therefore, genipin cross-linked fibrin hydrogels can be used as cell-compatible tissue engineering scaffolds for articular cartilage regeneration, for utility in autologous treatments that eliminate the risk of tissue rejection and viral infection.
|
|
| 23. |
- de Kruijff, Ben, et al.
(författare)
-
Striated domain self-organizing ordered assemblies of transmembrane α-helical peptides and lipids in bilayers
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Biological Chemistry. - 1437-4315. ; 387:3, s. 235-241
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review summarizes the knowledge on striated domains, which are ordered assemblies of transmembrane peptides and lipids under gel-state conditions. The structure, mechanism of function and utility of this system as a model for domain formation is described, resulting in a molecular description of the domains and a discussion on the relevance of these insights for the function/formation and structure of similar domains in biological membranes.
|
|
| 24. |
- Doornenbal, P., et al.
(författare)
-
RISING: Gamma‐ray Spectroscopy with Radioactive Beams at GSI
- 2007
-
Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : AIP. - 0094-243X. - 9780735413283 ; 891, s. 99-107
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Rare Isotope Spectroscopic INvestigation at GSI (RISING) project is a major pan‐European collaboration. Its physics aims are the studies of exotic nuclear matter with abnormal proton‐to‐neutron ratios compared with naturally occurring isotopes. RISING combines the FRagment Separator (FRS) which allows relativistic energies and projectile fragmentation reactions with EUROBALL Ge Cluster detectors for γ spectroscopic research. The RISING setup can be used in two different configurations. Either the nuclei of interest are investigated after being stopped or the heavy ions hit a secondary target at relativistic energies and the thereby occurring excitations are studied. For the latter case, MINIBALL Ge detectors and the HECTOR array are used in addition. Example achievements of the Fast Beam setup are presented and compared to various shell model calculations, while for the Stopped Beam setup initial results are shown.
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
- Fraga, MF, et al.
(författare)
-
Epigenetic differences arise during the lifetime of monozygotic twins
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 102:30, s. 10604-10609
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monozygous twins share a common genotype. However, most monozygotic twin pairs are not identical; several types of phenotypic discordance may be observed, such as differences in susceptibilities to disease and a wide range of anthropomorphic features. There are several possible explanations for these observations, but one is the existence of epigenetic differences. To address this issue, we examined the global and locus-specific differences in DNA methylation and histone acetylation of a large cohort of monozygotic twins. We found that, although twins are epigenetically indistinguishable during the early years of life, older monozygous twins exhibited remarkable differences in their overall content and genomic distribution of 5-methylcytosine DNA and histone acetylation, affecting their gene-expression portrait. These findings indicate how an appreciation of epigenetics is missing from our understanding of how different phenotypes can be originated from the same genotype.
|
|
| 27. |
- Hawke, Emma, et al.
(författare)
-
Acidosis and cell signalling
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of 14th International Biochemistry of Exercise Conference, Muscles as Molecular and Metabolic Machines. Guelph, Canada. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2009 Jun 34(3):307-492. - Canadian Science Publishing (NRC Research Press) : Canadian Science Publishing. ; , s. 307-492-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Hilton, Emma N, et al.
(författare)
-
Left-sided embryonic expression of the BCL-6 corepressor, BCOR, is required for vertebrate laterality determination.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 16:14, s. 1773-1782
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oculofaciocardiodental (OFCD) syndrome is an X-linked male lethal condition encompassing cardiac septal defects, as well as ocular and dental anomalies. The gene mutated in OFCD syndrome, the BCL-6 corepressor (BCOR), is part of a transcriptional repression complex whose transcriptional targets remain largely unknown. We reviewed cases of OFCD syndrome and identified patients exhibiting defective lateralization including dextrocardia, asplenia and intestinal malrotation, suggesting that BCOR is required in normal laterality determination. To study the function of BCOR, we used morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) to knockdown expression of xtBcor in Xenopus tropicalis, thus creating an animal model for OFCD syndrome. The resulting tadpoles had cardiac and ocular features characteristic of OFCD syndrome. Reversed cardiac orientation and disorganized gut patterning were seen when MOs were injected into the left side of embryos, demonstrating a left-sided requirement for xtBcor in lateral determination in Xenopus. Ocular defects displayed no left-right bias and included anterior and posterior segment disorders such as microphthalmia and coloboma. Expression of xtPitx2c was shown to be downregulated when xtBcor was depleted. This identifies a pathway in which xtBcor is required for lateral specification, a process intrinsically linked to correct cardiac septal development.
|
|
| 30. |
- Ingri, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Fractionation of iron isotopes during estuarine mixing in Ob, Yenisey and Lena freshwater plumes
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. - 0016-7037 .- 1872-9533. ; 73:13, Suppl. S, s. A569-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Iron isotopes were measured in suspended matter (>0.2 µm) in the Ob, Yenisey and Lena River freshwater plumes during the International Siberian Shelf Study 2008 (ISSS-08). The δ56Fe value was around zero within the Lena River and close to the river mouth, but changed to more negative values in the outer parts of the plume. In both the Ob and Yenisey plumes suspended matter in the surface water had clearly negative values whereas samples close to the bottom showed values close to zero.It has previously been suggested that total Fe in river suspended matter (>0.2µm) in boreal regions is roughly a mixture of three phases, detrital particles (δ56Fe around zero), oxyhydroxide particles (δ56Fe positive) and C-Fe particles (δ56Fe negative). We suggest that the δ56Fe pattern observed in this study is the result of relatively rapid removal of detrital particles and Fe-oxyhydroxides, leaving a suspended fraction with negative values in the surface water in the outer parts of the freshwater plumes. Hence, during estuarine mixing of suspended particles heavy iron isotopes are deposited close to the river mouth, whereas light isotopes are exported to open ocean water.
|
|
| 31. |
- Johansson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
-
Gamma-ray Spectroscopy of the Doubly Magic Nucleus 56Ni
- 2006
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. Hadrons and Nuclei. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6001. ; 27:2, s. 157-165
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The doubly magic N = Z nucleus Ni-56 has been investigated with two fusion-evaporation reactions; Ca-40(Si-28, 3 alpha)Ni-56 at a beam energy of 122MeV and Si-28(S-32, 2p2n)Ni-56 at 130MeV. To detect gamma-rays in coincidence with evaporated particles the Ge-detector array Gammasphere was used in conjunction with the charged-particle detector system, Microball and a 1 pi neutron detector array. Results include a significantly extended level scheme of Ni-56, which is compared to large-scale shell model calculations in the fp shell. The experimental and theoretical results agree to a large extent, with one notable exception; the theoretical model fails to predict the proper sequence of the yrast and yrare 8(+) states.
|
|
| 32. |
- Johansson, Emma M., et al.
(författare)
-
Quantitative analysis of exudates from soil-living basidiomycetes in pure culture as a response to lead, cadmium and arsenic stress
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0038-0717 .- 1879-3428. ; 40:9, s. 2225-2236
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six different ectomycorrhizal fungi (Hebeloma velutipes, Piloderma byssinum, Paxillus involutus, Rhizopogonroseolus, Suillus bovinus and Suillus variegatus) and two saprotrophic fungi (Hypholoma fasciculare andHypholoma capnoides) were exposed to metal stress induced by Pb, Cd and As. After pre-growth ina nutrient solution in Petri dishes, metal exposure was performed either in a nutrient rich solution or ina nutrient poor solution for seven days. The fungi were exposed to two different metal concentrations,low and high (Pb: 10 þ 100 mM; Cd: 1 þ 10 mM; As: 1 þ 10 mM). Exudation of low molecular weightorganic compounds (low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOA), amino acids and dissolved monosaccharides),as well as dissolved organic carbon was quantified as a potential response to the metalstress. The main LMWOA identified was oxalate. Oxalate exudation increased significantly in response toboth low and high Pb and Cd concentrations, as well as low As exposure, relative to nutrient controls.Exposure to As and mixtures of metals (Pb þ Cd, Pb þ As) did not result in any significant increase inoxalate production compared to controls. The presence of a carbon source (glucose) in this study islikely to have been important for exudation of organic compounds. For the nutrient rich (þ1mMglucose) metal treatments exposure to Pb and Cd mainly increased exudation of oxalate and total aminoacids. Production of dissolved monosaccharides, as well as DOC, did not increase significantly in responseto metal exposure, irrespective of nutrient conditions. This may be explained by re-absorption ofthe organic compounds by the mycelium or by the fact that metals had no effect on exudation of thesecompounds.
|
|
| 33. |
- Johansson, Emma M., et al.
(författare)
-
Quantitative analysis of root and ectomycorrhizal exudates as a response to Pb, Cd and As stress
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - Berlin : Springer. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 313:1-2, s. 39-54
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined exudation of low molecular weight (LMW) organic compounds of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and non-mycorrhizal (NM) seedlings in relation to metals. Scots pine seedlings, either colonized by one of six different ECM fungi or NM, were grown in Petri dishes containing glass beads and liquid growth medium and exposed to elevated concentrations of Pb, Cd and As. Exudation of LMW organic compounds (LMW organic acids (LMWOAs), amino acids and dissolved monosaccharides) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was determined qualitatively and quantitatively and exudation rates were calculated. Metals had a significant impact on exudation, especially of oxalate. For Pb and Cd treatments, exudation of oxalate and total LMWOAs generally increased by 15–45% compared to nutrient controls. Production of amino acids, dissolved monosaccharides and DOC was not significantly stimulated by exposure to metals; however, there were non-significant trends towards increased exudation. Finally, exudation generally increased in the presence of mycorrhizal seedlings compared to NM seedlings. The results suggest that ECM fungi may reduce the toxicity of metals to plants through significant increases in the production of organic chelators. Axenic conditions are required to assess the full potential for production of these molecules but their overall significance in soil ecosystems needs to be determined using additional experiments under more ecologically realistic conditions.
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
- Pietri, S., et al.
(författare)
-
First Results from the Stopped Beam Isomer RISING Campaign at GSI
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Acta Physica Polonica. Series B: Elementary Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics, Statistical Physics, Theory of Relativity, Field Theory. - 0587-4254. ; 38:4, s. 1255-1264
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first results from a series of experiments focused on the study of the internal structure of nuclei at the extremes of N:Z ratio using isomer spectroscopy are reported. These experiments represent the first of the Stopped Beam section of the Rare Isotopes Investigations at GSI (RISING) project. Exotic nuclei were synthesized using relativistic projectile fragmentation of similar to 500 -> 1000 MeV/u beams of Ag-107, Pb-208, Xe-136 and Ni-58, or fission of 750 MeV/u U-238 provided by the SIS synchrotron at GSI. A detailed description of the RISING stopped beam set up is given, together with a report of the performance of the associated gamma-ray spectrometer array. Selected results of the first experimental campaign are presented together with a discussion on the use of isomeric spectroscopy to study GeV range nuclear fragmentation. Details on future research plans of this collaboration are also outlined.
|
|
| 36. |
- Podolyak, Zs., et al.
(författare)
-
Isomeric Decay Studies Around 204Pt and 148Tb
- 2007
-
Ingår i: The European Physical Journal. Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 150, s. 165-168
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relativistic energy projectile fragmentation of Pb-208 has been used to produce a range of exotic nuclei. The nuclei of interest were studied by detecting delayed gamma rays following the decay of isomeric states. Experimental information on the excited states of the neutron-rich N = 126 nucleus, Pt-204, following internal decay of two isomeric states, was obtained for the first time. In addition, decays from the previously reported isomeric I=27h and I=(49/2)h states in Tb-148 and Gd-147, respectively, have been observed. These isomeric decays represent the highest spin discrete states observed to date following a projectile fragmentation reaction, and opens further the possibility of doing 'high-spin physics' using this technique.
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
- Ringqvist, Emma, et al.
(författare)
-
Release of metabolic enzymes by Giardia in response to interaction with intestinal epithelial cells
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Molecular and biochemical parasitology (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-6851 .- 1872-9428. ; 159:2, s. 85-91
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Giardia lamblia, an important cause of diarrheal disease, resides in the small intestinal lumen in close apposition to epithelial cells. Since the disease mechanisms underlying giardiasis are poorly understood, elucidating the specific interactions of the parasite with the host epithelium is likely to provide clues to understanding the pathogenesis. Here we tested the hypothesis that contact of Giardia lamblia with intestinal epithelial cells might lead to release of specific proteins. Using established co-culture models, intestinal ligated loops and a proteomics approach, we identified three G. lamblia proteins (arginine deiminase, ornithine carbamoyl transferase and enolase), previously recognized as immunodominant antigens during acute giardiasis. Release was stimulated by cell-cell interactions, since only small amounts of arginine deiminase and enolase were detected in the medium after culturing of G. lamblia alone. The secreted G. lamblia proteins were localized to the cytoplasm and the inside of the plasma membrane of trophozoites. Furthermore, in vitro studies with recombinant arginine deiminase showed that the secreted Giardia proteins can disable host innate immune factors such as nitric oxide production. These results indicate that contact of Giardia with epithelial cells triggers metabolic enzyme release, which might facilitate effective colonization of the human small intestine.
|
|
| 39. |
- Rodushkin, Ilya, et al.
(författare)
-
Authentication of Kalix (NE Sweden) vendace caviar using inductively coupled plasma-based analytical techniques : evaluation of different approaches
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Analytica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-2670 .- 1873-4324. ; 583:2, s. 310-318
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different analytical approaches for origin differentiation between vendace and whitefish caviars from brackish- and freshwaters were tested using inductively coupled plasma double focusing sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) and multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). These approaches involve identifying differences in elemental concentrations or sample-specific isotopic composition (Sr and Os) variations. Concentrations of 72 elements were determined by ICP-SFMS following microwave-assisted digestion in vendace and whitefish caviar samples from Sweden (from both brackish and freshwater), Finland and USA, as well as in unprocessed vendace roe and salt used in caviar production. This data set allows identification of elements whose contents in caviar can be affected by salt addition as well as by contamination during production and packaging. Long-term method reproducibility was assessed for all analytes based on replicate caviar preparations/analyses and variations in element concentrations in caviar from different harvests were evaluated. The greatest utility for differentiation was demonstrated for elements with varying concentrations between brackish and freshwaters (e.g. As, Br, Sr). Elemental ratios, specifically Sr/Ca, Sr/Mg and Sr/Ba, are especially useful for authentication of vendace caviar processed from brackish water roe, due to the significant differences between caviar from different sources, limited between-harvest variations and relatively high concentrations in samples, allowing precise determination by modern analytical instrumentation. Variations in the 87Sr/86Sr ratio for vendace caviar from different harvests (on the order of 0.05-0.1%) is at least 10-fold less than differences between caviar processed from brackish and freshwater roe. Hence, Sr isotope ratio measurements (either by ICP-SFMS or by MC-ICP-MS) have great potential for origin differentiation. On the contrary, it was impossible to differentiate between Swedish caviar processed from brackish water roe and Finnish freshwater caviar based solely on 187Os/188Os ratios.
|
|
| 40. |
- Rodushkin, Ilya, et al.
(författare)
-
Levels of inorganic constituents in raw nuts and seeds on the Swedish market
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 392:2-3, s. 290-304
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The levels of approximately 70 elements were determined in different culinary nuts (hazelnuts, walnuts, almonds, bitter almonds, pecans, cashews, Brazil nuts, pistachios, pine nuts, peanuts and coconuts) and seeds (pumpkin and sunflower) available on the Swedish market. The study was limited to raw, virtually unprocessed nuts and seeds (both shelled and unshelled) excluding mixed, roasted or salted products. In total, 44 products from different suppliers were analyzed, with the number of samples per nut/seed variety reflecting the availability of unprocessed products in retail outlets, varying from two for bitter almonds and pistachios to six for hazelnuts and walnuts. This selection includes samples from at least 11 different countries of origin. The optimized analytical procedure consists of microwave-assisted sample digestion using a HNO3/HF mixture, followed by multi-elemental analysis by double focusing, sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The analyses were accompanied by rigorous quality control measures including thorough control of potential sample contamination at all analytical stages, participation in inter-laboratory performance assessment schemes, and the analysis of certified reference materials of plant origin. Concentrations thus obtained were compared with data from product labels (where available), food composition tables and other relevant surveys, demonstrating, depending on the elements in question, close agreement as well as considerable differences.
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
- Rudolph, Dirk, et al.
(författare)
-
Evidence for an Isomeric 3/2- State in 53Co
- 2008
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. Hadrons and Nuclei. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6001. ; 36:2, s. 131-138
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fragmentation of a 550MeV/u primary beam of Ni-58 on a Be-9 target has been used to measure time-and energy-correlated gamma decays following the implantation of event-by-event discriminated secondary fragments into a Be-9 stopper plate. A new isomeric gamma decay with T-1/2 = 14(6 4) ns and E-gamma = 646.2(2) keV is observed and attributed to the decay of the yrast 3/2-state in Co-53(27)26. This short-lived isomeric state has been populated by means of nuclear reactions during the stopping process of the secondary fragments. The experimental findings are discussed in the framework of large-scale spherical shell model calculations in conjunction with isospin symmetry-breaking residual interactions for the A = 53, Tz = +/- 1/2 mirror nuclei Co-53 and Fe-53.
|
|
| 43. |
- Rudolph, Dirk, et al.
(författare)
-
Exciting Isomers from the First Stopped-beam RISING Campaign
- 2007
-
Ingår i: The European Physical Journal. Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 150, s. 173-176
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- First results are reported from a major new initiative of experiments, which focus on nuclear structure studies at extreme isospin values by means of isomer spectroscopy. The experiments represent the first part of the so-called stopped-beam campaign within the Rare ISotope INvestigations at GSI (RISING) project. Time-correlated gamma decays from individually identified nuclear species have been measured, allowing the clean identification of isomeric decays in a wide range of exotic nuclei both at the proton drip-line and in heavy, neutron-rich systems. An overview of the experimental technique will be given, together with the performance of the new germanium detector array and future research plans for the collaboration.
|
|
| 44. |
- Rudolph, Dirk, et al.
(författare)
-
Isospin Symmetry and Proton Decay: Identification of the 10+ Isomer in 54Ni
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 78:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gamma decays from an isomeric 10+ state at 6457 keV in the nucleus 54Ni have been identified using the GSI fragment separator in conjunction with the RISING Ge-detector array. The state is interpreted as the isobaric analog of the 6527-keV 10+ isomer in 54Fe. The results are discussed in terms of isospin-dependent shell-model calculations. Clear evidence is presented for a discrete l = 5 proton decay branch into the first excited 9/2- state of the daughter 53Co. This decay is the first of its kind observed following projectile fragmentation reactions.
|
|
| 45. |
- Rumjantseva, Viktoria, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Dual roles for hepatic lectin receptors in the clearance of chilled platelets.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Nature medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-170X .- 1078-8956. ; 15:11, s. 1273-80
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid chilling causes glycoprotein-Ib (GPIb) receptors to cluster on blood platelets. Hepatic macrophage beta(2) integrin binding to beta-N-acetylglucosamine (beta-GlcNAc) residues in the clusters leads to rapid clearance of acutely chilled platelets after transfusion. Although capping the beta-GlcNAc moieties by galactosylation prevents clearance of short-term-cooled platelets, this strategy is ineffective after prolonged refrigeration. We report here that prolonged refrigeration increased the density and concentration of exposed galactose residues on platelets such that hepatocytes, through Ashwell-Morell receptor binding, become increasingly involved in platelet removal. Macrophages rapidly removed a large fraction of transfused platelets independent of their storage conditions. With prolonged platelet chilling, hepatocyte-dependent clearance further diminishes platelet recovery and survival after transfusion. Inhibition of chilled platelet clearance by both beta(2) integrin and Ashwell-Morell receptors may afford a potentially simple method for storing platelets in the cold.
|
|
| 46. |
- Sundby, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Conserved methionines in chloroplasts
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Proteins and Proteomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1570-9639. ; 1703:2, s. 191-202
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heat shock proteins counteract heat and oxidative stress. In chloroplasts, a small heat shock protein (Hsp21) contains a set of conserved methionines, which date back to early in the emergence of terrestrial plants. Methionines M49, M52, M55, M59, M62, M67 are located on one side of an amphipathic helix, which may fold back over two other conserved methionines (M97 and M101), to form a binding groove lined with methionines, for sequence-independent recognition of peptides with an overall hydrophobic character. The sHsps protect other proteins from aggregation by binding to their hydrophobic surfaces, which become exposed under stress. Data are presented showing that keeping the conserved methionines in Hsp21 in a reduced form is a prerequisite to maintain such binding. The chloroplast generates reactive oxygen species under both stress and unstressed conditions, but this organelle is also a highly reducing cellular compartment. Chloroplasts contain a specialized isoform of the enzyme, peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase, the expression of which is light-induced. Recombinant proteins were used to measure that this reductase can restore Hsp21 methionines after sulfoxidation. This paper also describes how methionine sulfoxidation-reduction can be directly assessed by mass spectrometry, how methionine-to-leucine substitution affects Hsp21, and discusses the possible role for an Hsp21 methionine sulfoxidation-reduction cycle in quenching reactive oxygen species. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
- van Hees, Patrick A. W., et al.
(författare)
-
Dynamics of simple carbon compounds in two forest soils as revealed by soil solution concentrations and biodegradation kinetics
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 310:1-2, s. 11-23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple compounds in soil such as organic acids, amino acids and monosaccharides are believed to be important in regulating many aspects of terrestrial ecosystem functioning (e.g. C cycling, nutrient acquisition). Understanding the fate and dynamics of these low molecular weight (MW) compounds is therefore essential for predicting ecosystem responses to disturbance. Our aim was to quantify the amounts of these compounds in two podzolic forest soil profiles (O, E, Bs and C horizons) and to quantify their contribution to total soil respiration. The total concentration of organic acids, amino acids and monosaccharides in soil solution comprised on average 15 +/- 10% of the total dissolved organic C (DOC), with declining concentrations in the deeper soil layers. Dissolved organic N (DON) was the dominant form of N in soil solution and free amino acids contributed to 34% of this pool. The mineralization behaviour of glucose and galactose was described by parabolic (Michaelis-Menten) type kinetics with V-max and K (M) values in the range of < 1-250 mu mol kg(-1) h(-1) and 15-1,100 mu M, respectively. Assuming that (1) microbially mediated substrate turnover follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and (2) steady state soil solution concentrations, we calculated the rate of CO2 efflux attributable to the mineralisation of the three classes of low MW compounds. Our results indicated that in the O horizon, the turnover of these substrates could comprise similar to 100% of the basal, heterotrophic, soil respiration. In contrast, in the deeper mineral soil < 20% of total soil respiration could be attributable to the mineralization of these compounds. Our compound-specific approach has identified the main substrates contributing to soil respiration in forest topsoils. However, our results also suggest that soil respiration in subsoils may be attributable to compounds other than organic acids, amino acids and monosaccharides.
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
