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- Lavebratt, C., et al.
(författare)
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The KMO allele encoding Arg(452) is associated with psychotic features in bipolar disorder type 1, and with increased CSF KYNA level and reduced KMO expression
- 2014
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 19:3, s. 334-341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The kynurenine pathway metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA), modulating glutamatergic and cholinergic neurotransmission, is increased in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder type 1 with psychotic features. KYNA production is critically dependent on kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO). KMO mRNA levels and activity in prefrontal cortex (PFC) are reduced in schizophrenia. We hypothesized that KMO expression in PFC would be reduced in bipolar disorder with psychotic features and that a functional genetic variant of KMO would associate with this disease, CSF KYNA level and KMO expression. KMO mRNA levels were reduced in PFC of bipolar disorder patients with lifetime psychotic features (P = 0.005, n = 19) or schizophrenia (P = 0.02, n = 36) compared with nonpsychotic patients and controls. KMO genetic association to psychotic features in bipolar disorder type 1 was studied in 493 patients and 1044 controls from Sweden. The KMO Arg(452) allele was associated with psychotic features during manic episodes (P = 0.003). KMO Arg(452) was studied for association to CSF KYNA levels in an independent sample of 55 Swedish patients, and to KMO expression in 717 lymphoblastoid cell lines and 138 hippocampal biopsies. KMO Arg(452) associated with increased levels of CSF KYNA (P = 0.03) and reduced lymphoblastoid and hippocampal KMO expression (P <= 0.05). Thus, findings from five independent cohorts suggest that genetic variation in KMO influences the risk for psychotic features in mania of bipolar disorder patients. This provides a possible mechanism for the previous findings of elevated CSF KYNA levels in those bipolar patients with lifetime psychotic features and positive association between KYNA levels and number of manic episodes.
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- Moilanen, C. S., et al.
(författare)
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Image Based local strain measurement of wood
- 2013
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Ingår i: Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319007670
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new method for local strain measurement of soft materials like wood is proposed. Norway spruce samples were subjected to radial compression in an encapsulated split-Hopkinson device (ESHD). High speed photography was used at two magnifications for image based analysis. The strain estimation was made from high magnification images showing compression on local, fiber level for 1-2 growth rings and from low magnification images showing compression on sample level, for 5-8 growth rings. Strain gauges on the ESHD bars give stress and average strain for comparison. Image analysis based on PIV technique gives local and average strain propagation as a function of time. Wood is an inhomogeneous material and thus, local strain is a more proper measure of the response of the material. The high magnification captures differences between earlywood and latewood while the low magnification gives the strain distribution over the whole sample. Both magnifications are important in order to understand the response of the wood material to the sudden compression. A way to estimate the stress field was developed. The results showed similarity to the strain gauge measurement results. © The Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc. 2014.
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