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| 2. |
- Carlsbecker, A, et al.
(författare)
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The DAL10 gene from Norway spruce (Picea abies) belongs to a potentially gymnosperm-specific subclass of MADS-box genes and is specifically active in seed cones and pollen cones.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Evolution & Development. - 1525-142X. ; 5:6, s. 551-561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transcription factors encoded by different members of the MADS-box gene family have evolved central roles in the regulation of reproductive organ development in the flowering plants, the angiosperms. Development of the stamens and carpels, the pollen- and seed-bearing organs, involves the B- and C-organ-identity MADS-box genes. B- and C-type gene orthologs with activities specifically in developing pollen- and seed-bearing organs are also present in the distantly related gymnosperms: the conifers and the gneto-phytes. We now report on the characterization of DAL10, a novel MADS-box gene from the conifer Norway spruce, which unlike the B- and C-type conifer genes shows no distinct orthology relationship to any angiosperm gene or clade in phylogenetic analyses. Like the B- and C-type genes, it is active specifically in developing pollen cones and seed cones. In situ RNA localization experiments show DAL10 to be expressed in the cone axis, which carry the microsporophylls of the young pollen cone. In contrast, in the seed cone it is expressed both in the cone axis and in the bracts, which subtend the ovuliferous scales. Expression data and the phenotype of transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing DAL10 suggest that the gene may act upstream to or in concert with the B- and C-type genes in the establishment of reproductive identity of developing cones.
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| 3. |
- Ciornei, Cristina, et al.
(författare)
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Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein inhibits endotoxin-induced vascular nitric oxide synthesis.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172. ; 46:9, s. 1111-1118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) up-regulates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in blood vessels during septic shock. This promotes the production of nitric oxide (NO), leading to dilation of the vessels. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of the LPS-binding endogenous antibiotic bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) on the action of LPS on the blood vessels wall and to identify possible influence on underlying NO-related mechanisms. METHODS: Isolated segments of rat thoracic aorta and cultured primary smooth muscle cells were incubated for 5-48 h in the presence of the following combinations of compounds: (a) LPS; (b) interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta); (c) BPI; (d) BPI + LPS; (e) BPI + IL-1beta or (f) neither BPI, LPS nor IL-1beta (control). After incubation of intact segments, we measured smooth muscle contraction in response to phenylephrine and accumulation of the NO end products nitrate and nitrite in surrounding medium. Western blot was used to assess the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cultured cells. RESULTS: Both LPS and IL-1beta decreased contractility and increased NO production, as well as iNOS. Co-incubation with BPI attenuated all the effects of LPS but only the effects of prolonged exposure to IL-1beta in cultured cells. CONCLUSION: We conclude that BPI attenuates the LPS-induced changes in vascular reactivity by inhibiting the expression of iNOS resulting in decreased NO formation and restored responsiveness to vasoconstrictors. The data suggest that BPI can prevent circulatory disturbances during Gram-negative sepsis.
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| 4. |
- Dalén, T, et al.
(författare)
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Inflammatory mediators in autotransfusion drain blood after knee arthroplasty, with and without leucocyte reduction.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Vox sanguinis. - 0042-9007. ; 85:1, s. 31-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether leucocyte-reducing filters influenced complement activation and the formation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in autotransfusion drain blood after knee arthroplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients undergoing knee arthroplasty were divided into two groups. All patients were given salvage blood postoperatively. In Group A, a leucocyte filter was connected between the wound and the drain blood container. In Group B the drain blood was not leucocyte filtered. Complement split products and cytokines were analysed in circulating blood and in drain blood, together with blood-cellular differential counts. RESULTS: Drain blood showed activation vs. venous blood, with elevated concentrations of C3a, SC5b-9, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, polymorphonuclear (PMN) elastase and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (P<0.05 to P<0.001). The leucocyte filter reduced TNF-alpha (P<0.01), but triggered complement activation (P<0.05). Room-temperature incubation increased the concentration of IL-8 (P<0.01), which was seen in both venous and drain blood. The leucocyte filter prevented formation of IL-8 (P<0.01). In drain blood at 24 h the inflammatory reactions accelerated (P<0.05-0.001), although the filter reduced the leucocyte counts and TNF-alpha concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: The leucocyte filter reduced IL-8 and TNF-alpha in drain blood, but at the same time triggered complement activation. Incubation affected the inflammatory spectrum of both drain blood and control venous blood, and the filtering reduced this activation.
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| 10. |
- Laflamme, L, et al.
(författare)
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Bullying in the school environment : an injury risk factor?
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Supplementum. - : Wiley. - 0065-1591 .- 1600-5473 .- 0001-690X. ; :412, s. 20-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe a research project assessing the role of bullying at school as an injury trigger and the modification effect of the socio-economic environment of the victims. Preliminary results are also presented. METHOD: A case-crossover and a case-referent design were combined. The study base consisted of all children aged 10-15 years residing in the Stockholm county in 2000-02. Cases were recruited at the county's children hospital and interviewed shortly after the injury, using a specially designed questionnaire. RESULTS: Preliminary analyses (261 interviews) reveal that about two injured children out of 10 reported having been bullied during the school term. Also, one out of 10 had been bullied shortly enough before the injury for bullying to be considered as a trigger. The circumstances of occurrence of those injuries varied. CONCLUSION: Bullying, apart from being frequent in the school environment, is quite likely to act as an injury trigger.
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| 13. |
- Laflamme, L, et al.
(författare)
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Is perceived failure in school performance a trigger of physical injury? A case-crossover study of children in Stockholm County.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 58:5, s. 407-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether perceived failure in school performance increases the potential for children to be physically injured. SUBJECTS: Children aged 10-15 years residing in the Stockholm County and hospitalised or called back for a medical check up because of a physical injury during the school years 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 (n = 592). METHODS: A case-crossover design was used and information on potential injury triggers was gathered by interview. Information about family socioeconomic circumstances was gathered by a questionnaire filled in by parents during the child interview (response rate 87%). RESULTS: Perceived failure in school performance has the potential to trigger injury within up to 10 hours subsequent to exposure (relative risk = 2.70; 95% confidence intervals = 1.2 to 5.8). The risk is significantly higher among pre-adolescents and among children from families at a higher education level. CONCLUSIONS: Experiencing feelings of failure may affect children's physical safety, in particular among pre-adolescents. Possible mechanisms are perceptual deficits and response changes occasioned by the stress experienced after exposure.
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| 16. |
- Lindmark, H, et al.
(författare)
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Enteric bacteria counteract lipopolysaccharide induction of antimicrobial peptide genes.
- 2001
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Ingår i: J Immunol. - 0022-1767. ; 167, s. 6920-6923
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The humoral immunity of Drosophila involves the production of antimicrobial peptides, which are induced by evolutionary conserved microbial molecules, like LPS. By using Drosophila mbn-2 cells, we found that live bacteria, including E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Erwinia carotovora, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, prevented LPS from inducing antimicrobial peptide genes, while Micrococcus luteus and Streptococcus equi did not. The inhibitory effect was seen at bacterial levels from 20 per mbn-2 cell, while antimicrobial peptides were induced at lower bacterial concentrations (< or =2 bacteria per cell) also in the absence of added LPS. Gel shift experiment suggests that the inhibitory effect is upstream or at the level of the activation of the transcription factor Relish, a member of the NF-kappaB/Rel family. The bacteria have to be in physical contact with the cells, but not phagocytosed, to prevent LPS induction. Interestingly, the inhibiting mechanism is, at least for E. coli, independent of the type III secretion system, indicating that the inhibitory mechanism is unrelated to the one earlier described for YopJ from Yersinia.
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| 18. |
- Ma, Zhi, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced in vitro production of amyloid-like fibrils from mutant (S20G) islet amyloid polypeptide
- 2001
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Ingår i: Amyloid. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1350-6129 .- 1744-2818. ; 8, s. 242-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP, “amylin”) is the amyloid-fibril-forming polypeptide in the islets of Langerhans associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A missense mutation in the IAPP gene associated with early-onset type 2 diabetes has been identified in the Japanese population. This mutation results in a glycine for serine substitution at position 20 of the mature IAPP molecule. Whether or not formation of islet amyloid with resulting destruction of islet tissue is the cause of this diabetes is yet not known. The present in vitro study was performed in order to investigate any influence of the amino acid substitution on the fibril formation capacity. Synthetic full-length wild type (lAPPwt) and mutant (IAPPS20G) as well as corresponding truncated peptides (position 18-29) were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or in 10% acetic acid at a concentration of 10 mg/mL and their fibril forming capacity was checked by Congo red staining, electron microscopy, a Congo red affinity assay and Thioflavine T fluorometric assay. It was found that full-length and truncated IAPPS20G both formed more amyloid-like fibrils and did this faster compared to IAPPwt. The fibril morphology differed slightly between the preparations. Conclusion: The amino acid substitution (S20G) is situated close to the region of the IAPP molecule implicated in the IAPP fibrillogenesis. The significantly increased formation of amyloid-like fibrils by IAPPS20G is highly interesting and may be associated with an increased islet amyloid formation in vivo and of fundamental importance in the pathogenesis of this specific form of diabetes.
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| 21. |
- Powell, John, et al.
(författare)
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Laser cutting stainless steel with dual focus lenses
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of laser applications. - : Laser Institute of America. - 1042-346X .- 1938-1387. ; 12:6, s. 224-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article the performance of a new type of lens is compared with traditional meniscus lenses for CO sub 2 laser cutting of medium ( > 5 mm) section stainless steel. Dual Focus lenses produce two focus spots, one above the other. This type of optic was found to be capable of higher cutting speeds and better quality cuts. A phenomenological model is presented which explains the superior performance of Dual Focus lenses. The model concentrates upon the fact that during high speed cutting of medium section metals, the laser does not irradiate the lower portion of the cut zone. This lower part of the cut is heated by the melt flowing over it, which has been previously heated by the laser. This melt preheating involves narrower kerfs and higher cut speeds if a dual focus lens is used.
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| 22. |
- Ramsey, D. K., et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of functional knee bracing : an in vivo three-dimensional kinematic analysis of the anterior cruciate deficient knee
- 2001
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Ingår i: Clinical Biomechanics. - Oxon, United Kingdom : Elsevier. - 0268-0033 .- 1879-1271. ; 16:1, s. 61-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To describe three-dimensional tibial and femoral movements in vivo and examine the effect of a brace on knee kinematics during moderate to intense activity.Design: Skeletal kinematics of anterior cruciate ligament deficient knees was measured with and without braces during moderate to intense activity.Background: Invasive markers implanted into the tibia and femur are the most accurate means to directly measure skeletal motion and may provide a more sensitive measure of the differences between brace conditions.Methods: Steinmann traction pins were implanted into the femur and tibia of four subjects having a partial or complete anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Non-braced and braced conditions were randomly assigned and subjects jumped for maximal horizontal distance to sufficiently stress the anterior cruciate ligament.Results: Intra-subject peak vertical force and posterior shear force were generally consistent between conditions. Intra-subject kinematics was repeatable but linear displacements between brace conditions were small. Differences in angular and linear skeletal motion were observed across subjects. Bracing the anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee resulted in only minor kinematic changes in tibiofemoral joint motion.Conclusion: In this study, no consistent reductions in anterior tibial translations were observed as a function of the knee brace tested. Relevance. Investigations have reported that knee braces fail when high loads are encountered or when load is applied in an unpredictable manner. Questions remain regarding tibiofemoral joint motion, in particular linear displacements. The pin technique is a means for direct skeletal measurement and may provide a more sensitive measure of the differences between brace conditions.
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