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- Orfanos, P, et al.
(författare)
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Eating out of home : energy, macro- and micronutrient intakes in 10 European countries. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - London : Nature Publishing Group. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 63, s. S239-S262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To assess the contribution of out-of-home (OH) energy and nutrient intake to total dietary intake, and to compare out-versus in-home nutrient patterns among 27 centres in 10 countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.Methods: Between 1995 and 2000, 36 034 participants aged between 35-74 years completed a standardized 24-h dietary recall using a software programme (EPIC-Soft) that recorded the place of food/drink consumption. Eating OH was defined as the consumption of foods and beverages anywhere other than in household premises, irrespective of the place of purchase/preparation. Nutrient intakes were estimated using a standardized nutrient database. Mean intakes were adjusted for age and weighted by season and day of recall.Results: Among women, OH eating contributed more to total fat intake than to intakes of protein and carbohydrates. Among both genders, and particularly in southern Europe, OH eating contributed more to sugar and starch intakes and less to total fibre intake. The contribution of OH eating was also lower for calcium and vitamin C intakes. The composition of diet at home was different from that consumed out of home in southern countries, but was relatively similar in the north.Conclusions: In northern Europe, OH and in-home eating are homogeneous, whereas southern Europeans consider OH eating as a distinctive occasion. In most centres, women selected more fat-rich items when eating out.
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- Gilbert, M. Thomas P., et al.
(författare)
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Whole-genome shotgun sequencing of mitochondria from ancient hair shafts
- 2007
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 317:5846, s. 1927-1930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the application of sequencing-by-synthesis techniques to DNA extracted from bones has revolutionized the study of ancient DNA, it has been plagued by large fractions of contaminating environmental DNA. The genetic analyses of hair shafts could be a solution: We present 10 previously unexamined Siberian mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) mitochondrial genomes, sequenced with up to 48-fold coverage. The observed levels of damage-derived sequencing errors were lower than those observed in previously published frozen bone samples, even though one of the specimens was >50,000 14C years old and another had been stored for 200 years at room temperature. The method therefore sets the stage for molecular-genetic analysis of museum collections.
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- Jarmar, T., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of germanium on the formation of NiSi1-xGex on (111)-oriented Si1-xGex
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 98:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formation of NiSi1-xGex on Si1-xGex(111) substrates with x=0, 0.05, and 0.20 at an annealing temperature of 500 degrees C has been studied by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and pole-figure measurements. NiSi formed preferentially oriented on Si, with (100), (001), and (102) parallel to Si(111) and NiSi[010]parallel to Si < 211 >. In NiSi0.95Ge0.05, (001) and (102) maintained their preferential orientations, whereas NiSi0.95Ge0.05(100) was rotated by 30 degrees, so that NiSi0.95Ge0.05[010]parallel to Si0.95Ge0.05< 011 >. An epitaxial alignment in the form of a double axiotaxy, with NiSi0.95Ge0.05(2 +/- 11) as well as (20-2)parallel to Si0.95Ge0.05{220}, simultaneously with NiSi0.95Ge0.05(0 +/- 13) as well as (020)parallel to Si0.95Ge0.05{022}, caused NiSi0.95Ge0.05(100) to tilt over the range of 0 degrees-7.5 degrees. The Ge addition also enhanced the preferentially oriented structure by reinforcing NiSi0.95Ge0.05(123)parallel to Si0.95Ge0.05(111) through the axiotaxial alignments, NiSi0.95Ge0.05(211) and (-112)parallel to Si0.95Ge0.05{220}. Observed was also the presence of NiSi0.95Ge0.05(011)parallel to Si0.95Ge0.05(111), with NiSi0.95Ge0.05[100]parallel to Si0.95Ge0.05< 011 >. In the case of NiSi0.80Ge0.20, the preferential orientations were sharply reduced in favor of NiSi0.80Ge0.20(100)parallel to Si0.80Ge0.20(111), with NiSi0.80Ge0.20[010]parallel to Si0.80Ge0.20< 011 > and the 30 degrees rotation thus preserved. The observed Ge influence is shown to be consistent with a model suggested earlier for Si1-xGex(001) substrates, which is based on the nonexistence of Ni(Si1-xGex)(2) for all except the smallest values of x. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy was used to show that the surface steps typical of molecular-beam-deposited epitaxial Si1-xGex substrate films do not influence the growth of the NiSi1-xGex.
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