| 1. |
- Eriksson, Helena, 1965-
(författare)
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Att utveckla algebraiskt tänkande genom lärandeverksamhet : En undervisningsutvecklande studie i flerspråkiga klasser i grundskolans tidigaste årskurser
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to develop and explore teaching possible to promote algebraic thinking together with young, multilingual students six to twelve years old. One underlying assumption for the aim is that algebraic thinking can be developed by students participating in learning activities that are characterized by collective mathematical reasoning on relations between quantities of positive whole and rational numbers. Two overall research questions support this work: (1) What in students work indicate algebraic thinking identified in learning activities and as experiences of algebraic thinking? (2) How can learning models manifest in learning activity, in what ways do learning models change and enhance, and which characteristics of learning actions are enabled? Data was produced by interviews and from research lessons with students in lower grades in a multilingual Swedish school. The research lessons were focused on learning activity as suggested by Davydov (1990, 2008/1986), aimed at developing theoretical thinking – here algebraic thinking. They were staged in two research projects conducted as networks of learning studies. In these learning studies, the group of teachers iteratively designed and revised learning activities whereby the students could identify mathematical knowledge and collectively solve mathematical problems. The findings in the articles signal that learning models were developed as rudimentary, preliminary, prototypical and finally symbolic. Rudimentary models were grounded in algebraic thinking when the students analysed problem situations and identified the problem. Preliminary and prototypical models were developed by initiating and formalising actions understood as algebraic thinking. Different tools were initiated by the students and the teachers. These tools were formalised by the students. The students used algebraic symbols and line-segments to think together when comparing different quantities (Article 2). They carried out operations using unknown quantities when reflecting on additive and multiplicative relationships (Article 3). The students also used algebraic symbols to reflect on subtraction as non-commutative (Article 3). The different tools they used interacted on different levels of generalisation (Article 1). Algebraic thinking grounded the students reflections but interacted with, for example, fractional thinking in their arguments during the development of their learning models (Article 4). The different ways of thinking interacted in arguments when developing the rudimentary, the preliminary and the prototypical models. However, in the conclusion of their collective reasoning and in the development of the symbolic learning models, these different ways of thinking were intertwined in the same arguments (Article 4).As a conclusion, the four articles signal that learning models including algebraic symbols developed in a learning activity can be used by newly-arrived immigrant students to reflect on structures of numbers.
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| 2. |
- Ahlberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement report : Black carbon properties and concentrations in southern Sweden urban and rural air-the importance of long-range transport
- 2023
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 23:5, s. 3051-3064
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soot, or black carbon (BC), aerosol is a major climate forcer with severe health effects. The impacts depend strongly on particle number concentration, size and mixing state. This work reports on two field campaigns at nearby urban and rural sites, 65gkm apart, in southern Sweden during late summer 2018. BC was measured using a single-particle soot photometer (SP2) and Aethalometers (AE33). Differences in BC concentrations between the sites are driven primarily by local traffic emissions. Equivalent and refractory BC mass concentrations at the urban site were on average a factor 2.2 and 2.5, with peaks during rush hour up to a factor g1/44, higher than the rural background levels. The number fraction of particles containing a soot core was significantly higher in the city. BC particles at the urban site were on average smaller by mass and had less coating owing to fresh traffic emissions. The organic components of the fresh traffic plumes were similar in mass spectral signature to hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA), commonly associated with traffic. Despite the intense local traffic (g1/4g30g000 vehicles passing per day), PM1, including organic aerosol, was dominated by aged continental air masses even at the curbside site. The fraction of thickly coated particles at the urban site was highly correlated with the mass concentrations of all measured chemical species of PM1, consistent with aged, internally mixed aerosol. Trajectory analysis for the whole year showed that air masses arriving at the rural site from eastern Europe contained approximately double the amount of BC compared to air masses from western Europe. Furthermore, the largest regional emissions of BC transported to the rural site, from the Malmö-Copenhagen urban area, are discernible above background levels only when precipitation events are excluded. We show that continental Europe and not the Malmö-Copenhagen region is the major contributor to the background BC mass concentrations in southern Sweden.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Sofia Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Långtidsförsök med membranbioreaktor för förbättrad avloppsvattenrening i kombination med kompakt slambehandling
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Henriksdals reningsverk i Stockholm byggs nu ut och om för ökad kapacitet (från 0,8 till 1,6 miljoner PE) och för förbättrad reningsgrad (6 mg TN/l, 0,20 mg TP/L, 5 mg BOD7/l). Projektet inkluderar uppgradering av den befintliga konventionella aktivslamprocessen till en ny membranbioreaktorprocess (MBR) med mer än 1,6 m2 installerad membranyta.Det inkluderar även utökad förbehandling och ett nytt steg för primärslamförtjockning. Termofil rötning av tjockt slam (~6 % TS) vid hög organisk belastning och relativt låg uppehållstid kommer ersätta dagens mesofila rötning.För att öka kunskapen om MBR-teknik i nordiskt klimat har Stockholm Vatten och Avfall (SVOA) och IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet genomfört långtidsstudier på en membranprocess i pilotskala på FoU-anläggningen Hammarby Sjöstadsverk, som ligger i anslutning till Henriksdals reningsverk. MBR-piloten togs i drift 2013 och byggdes om till sin nuvarande utformning under 2016. År 2017 kompletterades MBR-piloten med en slamlinje för att kunna studera olika aspekter av slamrötning.Under 2021 kördes MBR-piloten med ett fast inflöde på 4,1 m3/h, vilket är 37 % högre än det designade medelflödet, med externt tillförskaffad glycerol och internt producerad VFA-kolkälla för efterdenitrifikation.Aluminium (PAX) användes i stället för trevärt järn (PIX) som komplement till tvåvärt järn (FeSO4) för fosforutfällning. Detta gjordes för att testa driftstrategin för den första MBR-linjen i Henriksdals reningsverk. Medelhalter av kväve och fosfor i utgående vatten var 3,9 mg TN/L respektive 0,07 mg TP/L, vilket innebär att utsläppsvärden uppfylldes även i år. För att uppnå detta krävdes 8,6 g Fe2+/m3 och 0,9 g Al3+/m3.Under försök med fluxförhöjare tillsattes totalt 17,8 g järn (Fe2++ Fe3+)/m3. Glyceroldosen motsvarade 17,3 g COD/m3, och för användning av internt producerad VFA motsvarande dosen 15,5 g COD/m3. Den något högre förbrukningen av fosforfällningskemikalier jämfört med 2020, 1,29 mol metall per mol avlägsnad fosfor, berodde främst på en lägre bio-P aktivitet under 2021. År 2021 var fosforsläppshastigheten mycket låg under våren, ex. < 1 g PO4-P/kg VSS,h i juni men återhämtade sig under sommaren med t.ex. 5,5 g PO4-P/kg VSS,h i juli, efter att doseringen av skumdämpare stoppades.Järn- och aluminiumhalten i det aktiva slammet var 6,2 respektive 0,7 %. Genomsnittlig total slamålder under 2021 var 17,2 dagar och luftad medelslamålder var 7 dagar. Nitrifikation var alltid komplett med utgående ammoniumkoncentrationer under 2 mg/L, förutom vecka 25.Tester med användning av internt producerad VFA som kolkälla visade att den specifika COD-förbrukningen var nästan densamma som för glycerol när man jämförde årsgenomsnittet från 2021 och 2020. Utgående nitrat och total kvävereduktion var liknande under försöket med VFA som resten av året, då glycerol användes.Liksom tidigare år rengjordes membranen i membrantank 1 (MT1) med oxalsyra och membranen i MT2 med citronsyra. Båda membranen rengjordes också med natriumhypoklorit. Membranen kördes med ett genomsnittligt flux på 21 till 25 L/(m2·h), men med startvecka 25 testades fullskaledesignens maximala nettoflux på 30 L/(m2·h) i piloten under 25 veckor. Netto-TMP varierade mellan 49 och 218 mbar för MT1 och mellan 51 och 146 mbar för MT2. TMP reducerades efter varje återhämtningsrengöring (RC) med hypoklorit, men effekten varade inte länge. Permeabiliteten var generellt över 200 L/(m2·h·bar) under hela 2021–2022 för båda membranen. Återhämtningsrengöringar gjordes två gånger med hypoklorit och en gång med syror under 2021. Under 2022 genomfördes en slutlig RC, först med hypoklorit sedan med syror. Den första RC för MT1 resulterade i en tydlig ökning av permeabiliteten efter rengöring. För MT2 var den största ökningen av permeabiliteten resultatet av en citronsyra-MC (en vecka efter hypoklorit-RC).Följande RC i slutet av 2021 och i mars 2022 hade tydliga men mindre positiva inverkan på permeabiliteten. Före den första RC var permeabiliteten högre för MT1 (rengöras med oxalsyra) jämfört med MT2 (rengöras med citronsyra). Efter de första RC hade båda membranen liknande permeabilitet. Som ett resultat av den tuffa driftstrategin från vecka 25 2021 minskade permeabiliteten ganska snabbt efter RC. MT2 nådde en stabil nivå runt 250-300 L/(m2·h·bar) medan MT1 sjönk ytterligare till som lägst 200 L/(m2·h·bar).Utsläpp av klorerade föreningar mättes under den slutliga återställningsrengöringen med natriumhypoklorit. Utsläppsprocessen var långsammare än förväntat och generellt sett observerades inga tydliga tecken på dämpning av utsläppen under provtagningens 21 timmar. Även om sammansatta prover på flera timmar under natten inte ger tillräckligt med detaljer, drogs slutsatsen att utsläppen kan vara skadliga under hela RC-processen ur ett exponeringsperspektiv. Exempelvis nådde trikloramin sin topp vid 36 gånger den rekommenderade gränsen, klorgas vid 73 % av korttidsexponeringsgränsen (15 min exponering) och kloroform vid 9 % av den yrkesmässiga exponeringsgränsen (genomsnittlig arbetsdag på 8 timmar).För att följa upp tidigare mätningar av växthusgaserna lustgas (N2O) och metan (CH4) genomfördes en ny mätkampanj under flera månader i 2021. Generellt sett var utsläppen som observerades 2021 betydligt högre än i tidigare kampanjer och särskilt höga N2O-utsläpp från membrantanken kunde observeras. Någon tydlig orsak kunde inte identifieras men den högre inkommande belastningen med bibehållna reningskrav och ett "bättre" provtagningsupplägg kan delvis vara en förklaring.I samarbete med Kemira genomfördes tester med en fluxförhöjande produkt (flux enhancer). Ingen uppenbar positiv eller negativ förändring i permeabiliteten på grund av dosering av fluxförhöjare kunde dock identifieras utifrån de kontinuerliga processparametrar som övervakades och vanliga variationer i permeabilitet samt effekten av membranrengöring.Eftersom skumbildning är ett vanligt fenomen i MBR-anläggningar genomfördes tester med ett skumdämpande medel som doserades i pulser och kontinuerligt till den biologiska behandlingen under perioden med kraftig skumbildning (mars-juni). Även om skumning inte upphörde helt så kunde en god minskning och kontroll av skumning uppnås. En optimal effekt konstaterades vid en kontinuerlig dos på > 10 ppm. Men även om produkten har visat sig ha en positiv effekt på skumning i MBR-piloten, framstår inte en permanent användning i fullskala som ekonomiskt genomförbar på grund av den höga förbrukningen.Tester med reducerat RAS-flöde från 4×Qin enligt design till 2×Qin syftade till att minska energiförbrukningen. Ett minskat RAS-flöde skulle dock innebära en ökad slamkoncentration i membrantankarna, vilket kan ha negativa effekter på membranets prestanda med mer igensättning, vilket i sin tur kan leda till ökad luftning för membranrengöring och behov av tätare membrantvättar. Projektgruppen kunde dock inte observera några negativa effekter av det minskade RAS-flödet på membranets prestanda.Under 2021 genomfördes tester med övergång från mesofil till termofil rötning, avvattning av rötslam efter mesofil och termofil rötning, samt termofil rötning vid hög organisk belastning (OLR) och låg hydraulisk uppehållstid (HRT) i slampiloten. Resultat visar att övergången från mesofil till termofil rötning kan ske utan större problem om den organiska belastningen minskades lite vid den mest kritiska temperaturen och att stabil drift uppnåddes efter 10-12 dagar. Att utvärdera avvattningen av mesofilt och termofilt rötat slam var svårare och inga tydliga skillnader kunde observeras. En slutsats var dock att de metoder som användes för att bestämma avvattningsbarhet eller optimal polymerdos inte framstår som tillförlitliga. Försök med hög organisk belastning vid termofil rötning visade att rötkammarens prestanda kunde bibehållas upp till en OLR på cirka 4 kg VS/m3, d och en HRT på 12 d. När belastningen ökades ytterligare och HRT minskade, minskade prestandan vad gäller utrötningsgrad och biogas-/metanproduktion, även om själva reaktordriften fortfarande var stabil.Den totala resursåtgången i piloten visade att konsumtionen av glycerol var densamma som för den framtida Henriksdalsdesignen, även om kvävebelastningen i piloten var 21 % högre och den genomsnittliga totala kvävekoncentrationen i utgående vatten var med 3,9 mg TN/L lägre än design på 6 mg TN/L. Järn-/metallförbrukningen var också 73 % av den framtida Henriksdalsdesignen, även om fosforbelastningen till piloten var cirka 50 % högre jämfört med designvärden och utgående fosfatkoncentrationerna låg under målkoncentrationen. Detta förklaras främst av EBPR-aktiviteten i pilotprojektet. Dessutom var förbrukningen av rengöringskemikalier lägre än den framtida Henriksdalsdesignen även om inflödet till piloten var 30 % högre än designen.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bodecker-Zingmark, L., et al.
(författare)
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Anti-Saccharomyces Cerevisiae antibodies are only modestly more common in subjects later developing Crohn's disease
- 2023
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Ingår i: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. - : Springer. - 0163-2116 .- 1573-2568. ; 68, s. 608-615
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The pathogenic processes in the preclinical phase of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are mainly unknown.Aims: To study typical antibodies for IBD in the preclinical phase in a cohort of Northern Sweden.Methods: Antibodies typical for IBD (ASCA, pANCA, lactoferrin-ANCA, antibodies to goblet cells, and pancreas antigen) were analyzed in 123 subjects with preclinical ulcerative colitis (UC), 54 subjects with preclinical Crohn's disease (CD) and in 390 sex- and age-matched controls. In addition, in a subset of subjects, inflammatory markers (CRP, albumin, calprotectin and ferritin) were measured in plasma.Results: The mean years between blood samples and IBD diagnosis were for UC 5.1 (SD 3.5) years and CD 5.6 (SD 3.5) years. There was no difference in the proportion of overall positive antibodies between subjects who later developed IBD compared to controls (16.9% vs. 12.3%; p = 0.137). The subjects who later developed CD had a significantly higher proportion of positive ASCA compared to controls (9.3% vs 2.8%; p = 0.034), but for all other antibodies, there were no differences compared to control subjects. Subjects with preclinical IBD and elevated antibodies showed significantly higher plasma calprotectin levels compared to subjects without antibodies (980 μg/L vs 756 μg/L; p = 0.042), but there was no difference in the levels of CRP, albumin and ferritin.Conclusions: We found no significant increase in antibodies typical for IBD years before diagnosis except for ASCA, which was slightly more common in subjects who later developed CD. Very few subjects had detectable antibodies to goblet cells and pancreas antigen.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Algebraic and fractional thinking in collective mathematical reasoning
- 2021
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Ingår i: Educational Studies in Mathematics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0013-1954 .- 1573-0816. ; 108:3, s. 473-491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the collective mathematical reasoning when students and teachers in grades 3, 4, and 5 explore fractions derived from length comparisons, in a task inspired by the El´konin and Davydov curriculum. The analysis showed that the mathematical reasoning was mainly anchored in mathematical properties related to fractional or algebraic thinking. Further analysis showed that these arguments were characterised by interplay between fractional and algebraic thinking except in the conclusion stage. In the conclusion and the evaluative arguments, these two types of thinking appeared to be intertwined. Another result is the discovery of a new type of argument, identifying arguments, which deals with the first step in task solving. Here, the different types of arguments, including the identifying arguments, were not initiated only by the teachers but also by the students. This in a multilingual classroom with a large proportion of students newly arrived. Compared to earlier research, this study offers a more detailed analysis of algebraic and fractional thinking including possible patterns within the collective mathematical reasoning. An implication of this is that algebraic and fractional thinking appear to be more intertwined than previous suggested.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Fair sharing and division – mathematical reasoning regarding integers and fractions in preschool and preschool class
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Cerme 13. - : Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics, Budapest, Hungary and ERME. - 9789637031045 ; , s. 2096-2103
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper identifies and discusses children’s mathematical reasoning in preschool and preschool class when they work with a fair sharing case. The case came from a selection of cases designed to promote collective mathematical as well as ethical reasoning. Data comes from six children’s work when sharing four paper biscuits between three soft toys, first when the children were five years old and then, a year later, when they were six years old. The results show that their reasoning, both when they were five and six, used mathematical and ethical arguments. In preschool class, the students were able to use each other’s arguments in collective reasoning to identify, predict, and verify their reasoning. The students began to measure the fraction parts of a remainder but could not evaluate the conclusion with respect to what is aspects for division; equal numbers and equal size. The results also signal that teacher’s input, of posing evaluating questions, appears to stimulate the reasoning.
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| 8. |
- Flygt, Hjalmar, et al.
(författare)
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Successful tyrosine kinase inhibitor discontinuation outside clinical trials - data from the population-based Swedish chronic myeloid leukaemia registry
- 2021
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Ingår i: British Journal of Haematology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0007-1048 .- 1365-2141. ; 193:5, s. 915-921
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical trials show that tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment can be discontinued in selected patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Although updated CML guidelines support such procedure in clinical routine, data on TKI stopping outside clinical trials are limited. In this retrospective study utilising the Swedish CML registry, we examined TKI discontinuation in a population-based setting. Out of 584 patients diagnosed with chronic-phase CML (CML-CP) in 2007-2012, 548 had evaluable information on TKI discontinuation. With a median follow-up of nine years from diagnosis, 128 (23%) discontinued TKI therapy (>= 1 month) due to achieving a DMR (deep molecular response) and 107 (20%) due to other causes (adverse events, allogeneic stem cell transplant, pregnancy, etc). Among those stopping in DMR, 49% re-initiated TKI treatment (median time to restart 4 center dot 8 months). In all, 38 patients stopped TKI within a clinical study and 90 outside a study. After 24 months 41 center dot 1% of patients discontinuing outside a study had re-initiated TKI treatment. TKI treatment duration pre-stop was longer and proportion treated with second-generation TKI slightly higher outside studies, conceivably affecting the clinical outcome. In summary we show that TKI discontinuation in CML in clinical practice is common and feasible and may be just as successful as when performed within a clinical trial.
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| 9. |
- Hedefalk, Maria, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Five year Olds in between Sharing and Division
- 2022
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Ingår i: Philosophy of Mathematics Education Journal. - 1465-2978. ; 39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sharing and division are two concepts that have overlapping properties, and both are connected to the interpretation of fairness. In the present study, we study preschool children’s work with a case where eight biscuits were shared between soft toys. The focus is onthe different arguments that the children express. The results show that children use both ethical arguments and mathematical arguments in their solutions. Some of the arguments can be categorised as ‘Fair sharing related to number of pieces only’ or ‘Fair sharing employing ad hoc attempts at equal size’. The arguments that were coded as sharing not associated with mathematical sense of fairness were either classified as ethical reasoning or play. In the discussion, we raise the need of the combination of ethical reasoning and mathematical arguments if we want to create situations for children to develop critical thinking.
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| 10. |
- Hedefalk, Maria, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Matematiska och etiska resonemang i förskolan : didaktisk modellering som intervention
- 2024
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Ingår i: Forskning om undervisning och lärande. - : Lärarstiftelsen. - 2000-9674 .- 2001-6131. ; 12:2, s. 68-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article examines didactic choices in teaching where mathematics and sustainable development meet. The purpose of the teaching was to encourage preschool children to reason collectively about distribution problems. It was the children's reasoning about possible solutions that was in focus, not a correct answer. The preschool teacher's role was to create opportunities for agency: enable childrens own contributions to knowledge, pit different conflicting perspectives on sustainable solutions against each other and discuss the solutions. Based on the didactic modeling method, researchers and preschool teachers discussed the teaching based on different expertise. Documentation created during these meetings was analysed, in order to investigate if the didactic what and how questions could help the preschool teachers create agency in teaching. The result shows how reflection on the didactic issues created opportunities for agency in relation to organization of time and environment, of pairing children for collective work and language development work.
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| 11. |
- Hedefalk, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Matematiska och etiska resonemang i förskolan – didaktisk modellering som intervention : [Mathematical and ethical reasoning in preschool – didactic modeling as an intervention]
- 2024
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Ingår i: Forskning om undervisning och lärande. - 2000-9674 .- 2001-6131. ; 12:2, s. 68-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I artikeln undersöks didaktiska val i undervisning där matematik och hållbar utveckling möts. Undervisningens syfte var att uppmuntra förskolebarn att kollektivt resonera kring fördelningsproblem. Det var barnens resonemang om möjliga lösningar som låg i fokus, inte ett rätt svar. Förskollärarens roll var att skapa möjligheter för agens: att barnen kunde göra egna bidrag i kunskapandet, där barnen kunde ställa olika konflikterande perspektiv om hållbara lösningar mot varandra och diskutera lösningarna. Utifrån metoden didaktisk modellering förde forskare och förskolläre diskussioner om undervisningen utifrån olika expertis. Dokumentationen som skapades under dessa möten analyserades, för att pröva om en didaktisk modell som hanterar de didaktisk vad- och hur-frågorna kunde hjälpa förskollärarna att skapa agens i undervisningen. Resultatet visar hur reflektion kring de didaktiska frågorna kan skapa möjligheter för agens i undervisningen. Didaktiska lösningar handlade om organisation av tid och miljö, om svårigheter att para ihop barn för kollektivt arbete samt språkutvecklande arbete.
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| 12. |
- Markkanen, Peter, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Building a joint problem-solving space: how collaboration in collective mathematical reasoning can develop
- 2024
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study investigates how collaborative, collective mathematical reasoning emerges when students jointly solve problems regarding fair sharing. Three 6-year-old children worked collaboratively in a group with a problem related to fair sharing, and their teacher was present. The data, captured in video recordings, was analysed using two frameworks: collective mathematical reasoning, and the theory of joint problem space. The results show that different things, such as physical artefacts aimed at sharing resources, challenges related to the task, and the students’ conceptions of mathematics, affect the students’ possibilities to engage in collaborative collective mathematical reasoning.
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| 13. |
- Månsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding and overcoming obstacles in adaptive management
- 2024
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Ingår i: Trends in Ecology and Evolution. - : Elsevier Ltd.. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 38:1, s. 55-71
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adaptive management (AM) is widely promoted to improve management of natural resources, yet its implementation is challenging. We show that obstacles to the implementation of AM are related not only to the AM process per se but also to external factors such as ecosystem properties and governance systems. To overcome obstacles, there is a need to build capacities within the AM process by ensuring adequate resources, management tools, collaboration, and learning. Additionally, building capacities in the legal and institutional frames can enable the necessary flexibility in the governance system. Furthermore, in systems experiencing profound changes in wildlife populations, building such capacities may be even more critical as more flexibility will be needed to cope with increased uncertainty and changed environmental conditions.
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| 14. |
- Nilsson, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia : increasing incidence and prognostic implications
- 2023
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Ingår i: Haematologica. - : Ferrata Storti Foundation. - 0390-6078 .- 1592-8721. ; 108:4, s. 1015-1025
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of therapy-related AML (t-AML) are usually performed in selected cohorts and reliable incidence rates are lacking. In this study, we characterized, defined the incidence over time and studied prognostic implications in all t-AML patients diagnosed in Sweden between 1997 and 2015. Data were retrieved from nationwide population-based registries. In total, 6,779 AML patients were included in the study, of whom 686 (10%) had t-AML. The median age for t-AML was 71 years and 392 (57%) patients were females. During the study period, the incidence of t-AML almost doubled with a yearly increase in t-AML of 4.5% (95% confidence interval: 2.8%-6.2%), which contributed significantly to the general increase in AML incidence over the study period. t-AML solidly constituted over 10% of all AML cases during the later period of the study. Primary diagnoses with the largest increase in incidence and decrease in mortality rate during the study period (i.e., breast and prostate cancer) contributed significantly to the increased incidence of t-AML. In multivariable analysis, t-AML was associated with poorer outcome in cytogenetically intermediate-and adverse-risk cases but t-AML had no significant impact on outcome in favorable-risk AML, including core binding leukemias, acute promyelocytic leukemia and AML with mutated NPM1 without FLT3-ITD. We conclude that there is a strong increase in incidence in t-AML over time and that t-AML constitutes a successively larger proportion of the AML cases. Furthermore, we conclude that t-AML confers a poor prognosis in cytogenetically intermediate-and adverse-risk, but not in favorable-risk AML.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Olsson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Ta vara på odlingens sidoströmmar – exemplet broccoli
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta projekt har utforskat möjligheter att använda sidoströmmar; broccoliblad och stjälk, från broccoliproduktion till nya torkade livsmedelsingredienser. Skördehantering, skördeekonomi, lämpliga processtekniker, livscykelanalys, mikrobiologisk analys och riskbedömning, analys av näringsämnen och bioaktiva ämnen, sensorik och marknadsaspekter har undersökts.
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| 17. |
- Sjödahl, Gottfrid, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular changes during progression from nonmuscle invasive to advanced urothelial carcinoma
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 146:9, s. 2636-2647
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular changes occurring during invasion and clinical progression of cancer are difficult to study longitudinally in patient-derived material. A unique feature of urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is that patients frequently develop multiple nonmuscle invasive tumors, some of which may eventually progress to invade the muscle of the bladder wall. Here, we use a cohort of 73 patients that experienced a total of 357 UBC diagnoses to study the stability or change in detected molecular alterations during cancer progression. The tumors were subtyped by gene expression profiling and analyzed for hotspot mutations in FGFR3, PIK3CA and TERT, the most frequent early driver mutations in this tumor type. TP53 alterations, frequent in advanced UBC, were inferred from p53 staining pattern, and potential genomic alterations were inferred by gene expression patterns at regions harboring frequent copy number alterations. We show that early driver mutations were largely preserved in UBC recurrences. Changes in FGFR3, PIK3CA or TERT mutation status were not linked to changes in molecular subtype and aggressive behavior. Instead, changes into a more aggressive molecular subtype seem to be associated with p53 alterations. We analyze changes in gene expression from primary tumors, to recurrences and progression tumors, and identify two modes of progression: Patients for whom progression is preceded by or coincides with a radical subtype shift, and patients who progress without any systematic molecular changes. For the latter group of patients, progression may be either stochastic or depending on factors already present at primary tumor initiation.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Stålberg, Valerie, et al.
(författare)
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Study protocol for a modified antenatal care program for pregnant women with a low risk for adverse outcomes - a stepped wedge cluster non-inferiority randomized trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. - London, United Kingdom : BioMed Central. - 1471-2393 .- 1471-2393. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is crucial to provide care based on individual needs. Swedish health care is obliged to give care on equal conditions for the entire population. The person with the greatest need should be given the most care, and the health care system should strive to be cost-efficient. Medical and technical advances have been significant during the last decades and the recent Covid-19 pandemic has caused a shift in health care, from in-person visits to virtual visits. The majority of pregnant women with a low risk assessment have an uncomplicated antenatal course without adverse events. These women probably receive excessive and unnecessary antenatal care. This study will investigate if an antenatal care program for healthy pregnant women with a low risk for adverse outcomes could be safely monitored with fewer in-person visits to a midwife, and with some of them replaced by virtual visits.Methods: This is a non-inferiority trial where a stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled design will be used. Data collection includes register data and questionnaires that concern antenatal, obstetric and neonatal outcomes, patient- and caregiver-reported experiences, healthcare-economy, and implementation aspects. The modified antenatal care (MAC) study is performed in parts of the southeast of Sweden, which has approximately 8200 childbirths annually. At the start of the study, all antenatal care centers included in the study will use the same standard antenatal care (SAC) program. In the MAC program the in-person visits to a midwife will be reduced to four instead of eight, with two additional virtual meetings compared with the SAC program.Discussion: This presented study protocol is informed by research knowledge. The protocol is expected to provide a good structure for future studies on changed antenatal care programs that introduce virtual visits for healthy pregnant women with a low risk for adverse outcomes, without risking quality, safety, and increased costs.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Sumpter, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Eight shared by three : When mathematical and ethical reasoning interplay
- 2024
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Ingår i: Quaderni di Ricerca in Didattica" QRDM (Mathematics). - 1592-5137 .- 1592-4424. ; :13, s. 447-456
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to explore students mathematical and ethical reasoning in fair sharing tasks. In our study, 8-year-old students were asked to share eight biscuits between three soft toys, where one of the toys is hungry and sad. Two analytical frameworks were used, one for mathematical reasoning and one for ethical reasoning. The results show that sharing tasks can generate several solutions in which students use different mathematical arguments combined with ethical arguments. Another result is that the different arguments often interplay with, or depend on, each other, meaning that mathematical reasoning and ethical reasoning are intertwined.
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| 23. |
- Sumpter, Lovisa, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Ethical Reasoning as Part of Mathematical Modelling : Young Children’s Work with Sharing and Division
- 2024
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Ingår i: Ethics and Mathematics Education. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031586828 - 9783031586835 ; , s. 443-462
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter, we challenge the view of mathematical modelling as a neutral practice and argue that ethical reasoning is an important part of the process. Using six cases, each describing different sharing scenarios, we analysed children’s mathematical reasoning and ethical reasoning. The cases were designed to cover a variety of aspects of mathematics and allow different types of ethics to be used. The results show that ethical reasoning plays a crucial part in task-solving, both when the children advocated for division or when they decided on sharing in unequal-sized parts.
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| 24. |
- Sumpter, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Fair sharing and division – mathematical reasoning regarding integers and fractions in preschool and preschool class.
- 2023
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Ingår i: <em>Proceedings of the Thirteenth Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education (CERME13)</em>.. - : Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics; ERME. - 9789637031045
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper identifies and discusses children’s mathematical reasoning in preschool and preschool class when they work with a fair sharing case. The case came from a selection of cases designed to promote collective mathematical as well as ethical reasoning. Data comes from six children’s work when sharing four paper biscuits between three soft toys, first when the children were five years old and then, a year later, when they were six years old. The results show that their reasoning, both when they were five and six, used mathematical and ethical arguments. In preschool class, the students were able to use each other’s arguments in collective reasoning to identify, predict, and verify their reasoning. The students began to measure the fraction parts of a remainder but could not evaluate the conclusion with respect to what is aspects for division? equal numbers and equal size. The results also signal that teacher’s input, of posing evaluating questions, appears to stimulate the reasoning.
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| 25. |
- Sumpter, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Preschool children’s collective mathematical reasoning about sharing
- 2022
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Ingår i: A Mathematics Education Perspective on early Mathematics Learning – POEM 2022.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on sharing, both in equal parts (groups) or unequal parts. Children at age five attending preschool, are faced with two different tasks where the mathematical properties in their reasoning, or when mathematical reasoning was replaced with an ethical reasoning is analysed. When performing division, different strategies were used, and the norm of fair share was often expressed. It was easier for the children to allocate resources when the dividend was larger than the divisor, and when dealing with a fraction, the cardinality of the number of parts appeared to be a prominent property compared to property ‘equal size’ of the parts. There were also indications of ethical reasoning where the child used different claims to convince their peer. There was a tension between the norm of equal sharing and the solutions with unequal parts. One implication is that if wanting to challenge children’s mathematical reasoning in a division task, it could be fruitful to look at fractions instead of repeating tasks where the dividend is larger than the divisor.
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| 26. |
- Sumpter, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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The Tension Between Division and Fair Share.
- 2024
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Ingår i: <em>Teaching Mathematics as to be Meaningful – Foregrounding Play and Children’s Perspectives.</em>. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031376658 - 9783031376634 - 9783031376627 ; , s. 69-79
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on sharing, both in equal parts (groups) or unequal parts. Children at age five attending preschool, are faced with two different tasks working in pairs. The analysis focus on the mathematical properties in the reasoning, or when mathematical arguments were replaced with an ethical reasoning. When performing division, different strategies were used, and the norm of fair share was often expressed. It was easier for the children to allocate resources when the dividend was larger than the divisor, and when dealing with a fraction, the cardinality of the number of parts appeared to be a prominent property compared to property ‘equal size’ of the parts. There were also indications of ethical reasoning where the child used different claims to convince their peer. There was a tension between the norm of equal sharing and solutions with unequal parts. One implication is that if wanting to challenge children’s mathematical reasoning in a division task, it could be fruitful to look at fractions instead of repeating tasks where the dividend is larger than the divisor.
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| 27. |
- Österroos, Albin, et al.
(författare)
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A risk score based on real-world data to predict early death in acute promyelocytic leukemia
- 2022
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Ingår i: Haematologica. - : Ferrata Storti Foundation. - 0390-6078 .- 1592-8721. ; 107:7, s. 1528-1537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With increasingly effective treatments, early death (ED) has become the predominant reason for therapeutic failure in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). To better prevent ED, patients with high-risk of ED must be identified. Our aim was to develop a score that predicts the risk of ED in a real-life setting. We used APL patients in the population based Swedish AML Registry (n=301) and a Portuguese hospital-based registry (n=129) as training and validation cohorts, respectively. The cohorts were comparable with respect to age (median, 54 and 53 years) and ED rate (19.6% and 18.6%). The score was developed by logistic regression analyses, risk-per-quantile assessment and scoring based on ridge regression coefficients from multivariable penalized logistic regression analysis. White blood cell count, platelet count and age were selected by this approach as the most significant variables for predicting ED. The score identified low-, high-and very high-risk patients with ED risks of 4.8%, 20.2% and 50.9% respectively in the training cohort and with 6.7%, 25.0% and 36.0% as corresponding values for the validation cohort. The score identified an increased risk of ED already at sub-normal and normal white blood cell counts and, consequently, it was better at predicting ED risk than the Sanz score (AUROC 0.77 vs. 0.64). In summary, we here present an externally validated and population-based risk score to predict ED risk in a real-world setting, identifying patients with the most urgent need of aggressive ED prevention. The results also suggest that increased vigilance for ED is already necessary at sub-normal/normal white blood cell counts.
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| 28. |
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