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1.	Torén, Kjell, et al. (författare) Restrictive Spirometric Pattern and Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry in a Population 50-64 Years. 2024 Ingår i: Annals of the American Thoracic Society. - 2329-6933 .- 2325-6621. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract RATIONALE: Knowledge regarding prevalence and shared and unique characteristics of Restrictive spirometric pattern (RSP) and Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is lacking for a general population investigated with post-bronchodilator spirometry and computed tomography of the lungs.OBJECTIVES: To investigate shared and unique features for RSP and PRISm.METHODS: In the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), a general population sample of 28,555 people aged 50 - 64 years (including 14,558 never-smokers) was assessed. The participants answered a questionnaire and underwent computed tomography of the lungs, post-bronchodilator spirometry, and coronary artery calcification score (CACS). Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using adjusted logistic regression. RSP was defined as FEV1/FVC≥0.70 and FVC<80%. PRISm was defined as FEV1/FVC≥0.70 and FEV1<80%. A local reference equation was applied.MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The prevalence of RSP and PRISm were 5.1% (95% CI 4.9 - 5.4) and 5.1% (95% CI 4.8 - 5.3), respectively, with similar values seen in never-smokers. For RSP and PRISm, shared features were current smoking, dyspnea, chronic bronchitis, rheumatic disease, diabetes, ischemic heart disease (IHD), bronchial wall thickening, interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA), and bronchiectasis. Emphysema was uniquely linked to PRISm (OR 1.69, 1.36-2.10) vs 1.10 (0.84-1.43) for RSP. CACS≥300 was related to PRISm, but not among among never-smokers.CONCLUSIONS: PRISm and RSP have respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic conditions as shared features. Emphysema is only associated with PRISm. Coronary atherosclerosis may be associated with PRISm. Our results indicate that RSP and PRISm may share more features than not. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
2.	Blomberg, Anders, et al. (författare) Chronic Airflow Limitation, Emphysema and Impaired Diffusing Capacity in Relation to Smoking Habits in a Swedish Middle-Aged Population. 2024 Ingår i: Annals of the American Thoracic Society. - 2329-6933 .- 2325-6621. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract RATIONALE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes respiratory symptoms and chronic airflow limitation (CAL). In some cases, emphysema and impaired diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) are present, but characteristics and symptoms vary with smoking exposure.OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of CAL, emphysema and impaired DLCO in relation to smoking and respiratory symptoms in a middle-aged population.METHODS: We investigated 28,746 randomly invited individuals (52% women) aged 50-64 years across six Swedish sites. We performed spirometry, DLCO, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and asked for smoking habits and respiratory symptoms. CAL was defined as post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second divided by forced expiratory volume (FEV1/FVC)<0.7.RESULTS: The overall prevalence was for CAL 8.8%, for impaired DLCO (DLCOCONCLUSIONS: In this large population-based study of middle-aged people, CAL and impaired DLCO were associated with common respiratory symptoms. Self-reported asthma was not associated with CAL in never-smokers. Our findings suggest that CAL in never-smokers signifies a separate clinical phenotype that may be monitored and, possibly, treated differently from smoking-related COPD. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
3.	Engström, Gunnar, et al. (författare) Pulmonary function and atherosclerosis in the general population : causal associations and clinical implications 2024 Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Nature. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 39:1, s. 35-49 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Reduced lung function is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but the relationships with atherosclerosis are unclear. The population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage study measured lung function, emphysema, coronary CT angiography, coronary calcium, carotid plaques and ankle-brachial index in 29,593 men and women aged 50–64 years. The results were confirmed using 2-sample Mendelian randomization. Lower lung function and emphysema were associated with more atherosclerosis, but these relationships were attenuated after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Lung function was not associated with coronary atherosclerosis in 14,524 never-smokers. No potentially causal effect of lung function on atherosclerosis, or vice versa, was found in the 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Here we show that reduced lung function and atherosclerosis are correlated in the population, but probably not causally related. Assessing lung function in addition to conventional cardiovascular risk factors to gauge risk of subclinical atherosclerosis is probably not meaningful, but low lung function found by chance should alert for atherosclerosis.
4.	Eriksson, Erik, 1977-, et al. (författare) The pitfalls of a popular concept : Co-production in times of individualization, marketization, and de-politicization 2023 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration. - 2001-7405 .- 2001-7413. ; 27:3, s. 87-107 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Co-production between public administrators and citizens has attracted renewed interest in recent years. Co-production is predominantly perceived as something desirable and is claimed to improve service efficiency and outcome and user satisfaction, at the same time as addressing democratic ideals. Drawing from interviews with public administrators and patients in a Swedish healthcare context, this paper seeks to nuance the often overly positive notion of co-production by understanding these micro-level practices as being embedded in a macro-level societal context. Theorizing the empirical material based on three features of contemporary society –individualization, marketization, and de-politicization –we argue that co-production risks placing a burden and responsibility on individual users and creating a (welfare)market in which better-off people are recruited and benefitted. In this sense, co-production may consolidate or reinforce inequalities. Through de-politicization, political issues may appear as value-free; however, as long as market-logics prevail, the welfare system and practices of co-production will, in some respects, be impotent to address crucial societal issues. Co-production as a collective practice targeting democratic standards is called for, rather than an efficiency focus, preferably by taking the recruitment of those in the greatest need seriously –scaffolded by a revitalized public service ethos of public administrators and their organizations.
5.	Malinovschi, Andrei, 1978-, et al. (författare) Consequences of Using Post- or Prebronchodilator Reference Values in Interpreting Spirometry 2023 Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - : American Thoracic Society. - 1073-449X .- 1535-4970. ; 208:4, s. 461-471 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract RATIONALE: Post-bronchodilator (BD) spirometry is used for diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, pre-BD reference values are used for spirometry interpretation.OBJECTIVES: To compare the resulting prevalence rates of abnormal spirometry and study the consequences of using pre- or post-BD reference values generated within the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) when interpreting post-BD spirometry in a general population.METHODS: SCAPIS reference values for post-BD and pre-BD spirometry were based on 10,156 and 1,498 never-smoking, healthy participants, respectively. We studied the associations of abnormal spirometry, defined by using pre- or post-BD reference values, with respiratory burden in the SCAPIS general population (28,851 individuals).MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Bronchodilation resulted in higher predicted median and lower limit of normal (LLN) for FEV1/FVC ratio. The prevalence of post-BD FEV1/FVC < pre-bronchodilator LLN was 4.8% and that of post-BD FEV1/FVC < post-bronchodilator LLN was 9.9% for the general population. An additional 5.1% was identified as having an abnormal post-BD FEV1/FVC ratio and this group had more respiratory symptoms, emphysema (13.5% vs. 4.1%, p<0.001) and self-reported physician-diagnosed COPD (2.8% vs. 0.5%, p<0.001) than subjects with post-BD FEV1/FVC ratio > LLN for both pre- and post-bronchodilation).CONCLUSIONS: Pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry reference values differ with regard to FEV1/FVC ratio. Use of post-bronchodilator reference values doubled the population prevalence of airflow obstruction; this was related to a higher respiratory burden. Using post-bronchodilator reference values when interpreting post-bronchodilator spirometry might enable identification of individuals with mild disease and be clinically relevant.
6.	Näsman, Mattias, 1989-, et al. (författare) A promised land? : First summary of the research program 2023 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This document lays out the background for the research program “A promised land? Drivers, challenges and opportunities related to the (green) industrialization of Northern Sweden,” (nr. M22-0029) awarded by the Swedish Riksbankens Jubileumsfond’s in 2022. The document summarizes work in progress and may therefore be updated and republished in different versions according to the requirements of the program. This interdisciplinary program aims to understand the economic, social, and political challenges and opportunities of the ongoing industrial transformation in northern Sweden. A key element of the program is to identify drivers, obstacles, and preconditions in a historical, present, and forward-looking process-perspective.
7.	Svensson, Nina, 1988-, et al. (författare) Ride the future – strategisk satsning : fem studier med fokus på autonoma bussar i städer 2022 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Fem noga utvalda förstudier har initierats av VTI som en del i den strategiska satsningen ”Ride the future” kopplad till framtidens mobilitetslösningar. Förstudiernas titel är följande: ▪ Databearbetning och visualisering av mobila luftkvalitetsmätningar. ▪ SUMO och Unreal Engine för co-simulering. ▪ Exploring spatio-temporal accessibility in Lambohov: a pre-study. ▪ Vägytans betydelse för vibrationer och komfort i långsamma fordon. ▪ Infrastrukturbehov vid busshållplatser. Föreliggande pm innehåller en kort beskrivning av studierna och den mer utförliga redovisningen återfinns i bilagan.
8.	Adams, Mike, et al. (författare) Managing policy lapse risk in Sweden's life insurance market between 1915 and 1947 2020 Ingår i: Business History. - : Routledge. - 0007-6791 .- 1743-7938. ; 62:2, s. 222-239 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We examine the challenges that Swedish life insurers faced in managing the lapse risk of policies written on the lives of the industrial urban working class between 1915 and 1947. We observe that with the threat of State socialisation of insurance in the 1930s, industrial life insurers modified their business practices to better control policy lapses. Using firm-level data, we also analyse the effect of socio-economic changes, such as rising real wages, interest rate fluctuations and unemployment on life insurance policy lapses. Our results support contemporary tests of the emergency fund and interest rate explanations for the voluntary premature termination of life insurance policies.
9.	Ahltorp, Magnus, et al. (författare) A Digital Swedish–Yiddish/Yiddish–Swedish Dictionary : A Web-Based Dictionary that is also Available Offline 2022 Ingår i: Proceedings of the EURALI Workshop @LREC2022. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Yiddish is one of the national minority languages of Sweden, and one of the languages for which the Swedish Institute for Language and Folklore is responsible for developing useful language resources. We here describe the web-based version of a Swedish–Yiddish/Yiddish–Swedish dictionary. The single search field of the web-based dictionary is used for incrementally searching all three components of the dictionary entries (the word in Swedish, the word in Yiddish with Hebrew characters and the transliteration in Latin script). When the user accesses the dictionary in an online mode, the dictionary is saved in the web browser, which makes it possible to also use the dictionary offline.
10.	Alijagic, Andi, 1992-, et al. (författare) Immunotoxic, genotoxic, and endocrine disrupting impacts of polyamide microplastic particles and chemicals 2024 Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 183 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Due to their exceptional properties and cost effectiveness, polyamides or nylons have emerged as widely used materials, revolutionizing diverse industries, including industrial 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM). Powder-based AM technologies employ tonnes of polyamide microplastics to produce complex components every year. However, the lack of comprehensive toxicity assessment of particulate polyamides and polyamide-associated chemicals, especially in the light of the global microplastics crisis, calls for urgent action. This study investigated the physicochemical properties of polyamide-12 microplastics used in AM, and assessed a number of toxicity endpoints focusing on inflammation, immunometabolism, genotoxicity, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation, endocrine disruption, and cell morphology. Specifically, microplastics examination by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that work flow reuse of material created a fraction of smaller particles with an average size of 1-5 µm, a size range readily available for uptake by human cells. Moreover, chemical analysis by means of gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry detected several polyamide-associated chemicals including starting material, plasticizer, thermal stabilizer/antioxidant, and migrating slip additive. Even if polyamide particles and chemicals did not induce an acute inflammatory response, repeated and prolonged exposure of human primary macrophages disclosed a steady increase in the levels of proinflammatory chemokine Interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL-8). Moreover, targeted metabolomics disclosed that polyamide particles modulated the kynurenine pathway and some of its key metabolites. The p53-responsive luciferase reporter gene assay showed that particles per se were able to activate p53, being indicative of a genotoxic stress. Polyamide-associated chemicals triggered moderate activation of AhR and elicited anti-androgenic activity. Finally, a high-throughput and non-targeted morphological profiling by Cell Painting assay outlined major sites of bioactivity of polyamide-associated chemicals and indicated putative mechanisms of toxicity in the cells. These findings reveal that the increasing use of polyamide microplastics may pose a potential health risk for the exposed individuals, and it merits more attention.
11.	Almby, Kristina E., et al. (författare) Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery on the Brain : Simultaneous Assessment of Glucose Uptake, Blood Flow, Neural Activity, and Cognitive Function During Normo- and Hypoglycemia 2021 Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 70:6, s. 1265-1277 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract While Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery in obese individuals typically improves glycemic control and prevents diabetes, it also frequently causes asymptomatic hypoglycemia. Previous work showed attenuated counterregulatory responses following RYGB. The underlying mechanisms as well as the clinical consequences are unclear. In this study, 11 subjects without diabetes with severe obesity were investigated pre- and post-RYGB during hyperinsulinemic normo-hypoglycemic clamps. Assessments were made of hormones, cognitive function, cerebral blood flow by arterial spin labeling, brain glucose metabolism by F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography, and activation of brain networks by functional MRI. Post- versus presurgery, we found a general increase of cerebral blood flow but a decrease of total brain FDG uptake during normoglycemia. During hypoglycemia, there was a marked increase in total brain FDG uptake, and this was similar for post- and presurgery, whereas hypothalamic FDG uptake was reduced during hypoglycemia. During hypoglycemia, attenuated responses of counterregulatory hormones and improvements in cognitive function were seen postsurgery. In early hypoglycemia, there was increased activation post- versus presurgery of neural networks in brain regions implicated in glucose regulation, such as the thalamus and hypothalamus. The results suggest adaptive responses of the brain that contribute to lowering of glycemia following RYGB, and the underlying mechanisms should be further elucidated.
12.	Almby, Kristina E., et al. (författare) Time course of metabolic, neuroendocrine, and adipose effects during 2 years of follow-up after gastric bypass in patients with type 2 diabetes 2021 Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Oxford University Press. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 106:10, s. E4049-E4061 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Context: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) markedly improves glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but underlying mechanisms and changes over time are incompletely understood.Objective: Integrated assessment of neuroendocrine and metabolic changes over time inT2D patients undergoing RYGB.Design and Setting: Follow-up of single-center randomized study.Patients: Thirteen patients with obesity andT2D compared to 22 healthy subjects.Interventions: Blood chemistry, adipose biopsies, and heart rate variability were obtained before and 4, 24, and 104 weeks post-RYGB.Results: After RYGB, glucose-lowering drugs were discontinued and hemoglobin A1c fell from mean 55 to 41 mmol/mol by 104 weeks (P < 0.001). At 4 weeks, morning cortisol (P < 0.05) and adrenocorticotropin (P = 0.09) were reduced by 20%. Parasympathetic nerve activity (heart rate variability derived) increased at 4 weeks (P < 0.05) and peaked at 24 weeks (P < 0.01). C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cells were rapidly reduced (P < 0.01). At 104 weeks, basal and insulin-stimulated adipocyte glucose uptake increased by 3-fold vs baseline and expression of genes involved in glucose transport, fatty acid oxidation, and adipogenesis was upregulated (P < 0.01). Adipocyte volume was reduced by 4 weeks and more markedly at 104 weeks, by about 40% vs baseline (P < 0.01).Conclusions: We propose this order of events: (1) rapid glucose lowering (days); (2) attenuated cortisol axis activity and inflammation and increased parasympathetic tone (weeks); and (3) body fat and weight loss, increased adipose glucose uptake, and whole-body insulin sensitivity (months-years; similar to healthy controls).Thus, neuroendocrine pathways can partly mediate early glycemic improvement after RYGB, and adipose factors may promote long-term insulin sensitivity and normoglycemia.
13.	Alvehus, Johan, et al. (författare) Critical theories 2020 Ingår i: Theories and perspectives in business administration. - 9789144127088 ; , s. 325-350 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
14.	Ander, Magnus, et al. (författare) Elchockvapen som hjälpmedel vid polisiära ingripanden : En vetenskaplig utvärdering av Polismyndighetens försöksverksamhet med elchockvapen 2018-2019 2020 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract BAKGRUND: Ur ett internationellt perspektiv har det, inom polisen, under de senaste åren skett en ökning i användandet av mindre dödliga vapen. Dessa vapen används för att ta kontroll över potentiellt farliga och icke samarbetsvilliga personer. Ett vanligt förekommande mindre dödligt vapen är elchockvapen (ECV). Elchockvapen har fram till 2018 inte använts i Sverige, men Polismyndigheten har under åren 2018–2019 genomfört en försöksverksamhet med ECV.SYFTE: Syftet med undersökningen var att utvärdera Polismyndighetens försöksverksamhet med ECV, samt att undersöka vilken legitimitet polisens användning av ECV har bland allmänheten.METOD: Både kvantitativa och kvalitativa data samlades in för att utvärdera försöket med ECV. Mätningar före, under, och i slutet av försöksverksamheten genomfördes med hjälp av en enkät. Enkäten besvarades av två grupper av poliser; en grupp som ingick i försöksverksamheten med ECV samt en kontrollgrupp poliser som inte ingick i försöksverksamheten. För att fördjupa förståelsen för enkätresultaten genomfördes djupintervjuer och fokusgruppsintervjuer med poliser som hade erfarenhet av ECV under försöksverksamheten. För att undersöka legitimitetsaspekter utifrån ett medborgarperspektiv genomfördes fokusgrupper med deltagare från allmänheten. Data från Polisens arbetsskadesystem LISA inhämtades för att undersöka ECV:s inverkan på skador hos poliserna.RESULTAT: Enkätresultaten visade inga skillnader mellan delaktiga och kontrollgrupp när det gäller upplevelse av stressfulla situationer. Upplevelsen av trygghet vid ingripanden med hög grad av motstånd eller när polisen blir fysisk angripen har dock ökat för de poliser som deltagit i ECVförsöket, jämfört med kontrollgruppen. Intervjuresultaten åskådliggör också att tillgången till ECV bidrar till att minska upplevelsen av stress i våldsamma situationer genom att ECV ökar tryggheten i sådana situationer. Intervjuresultaten påvisar även att tillgången till ECV gör att man slipper använda andra potentiellt skadligare våldshjälpmedel såsom fysiska metoder och skjutvapen. Enkätresultatet visar ingen skillnad mellan de som ingick i försöksverksamheten och kontrollgruppen när det gäller att utsättas för hot, våld eller motstånd, eller att polis eller motpart blir skadade. Resultaten från intervjuer och fokusgrupper synliggör att poliserna upplever att ECV fyller en viktig funktion. Poliserna ser enbart fördelar med ECV och vissa menar att det är det bästa verktyg som de har fått. ECV upplevs kunna rädda liv, minska skador på polis och motpart, samt förbättra arbetsmiljön för poliser. Intervjuer och fokusgrupper pekar på att deltagarna upplever att ECV har en deeskalerande inverkan, vilket både kan minska våldsanvändningen, och förebygga våld mot polisen. Enkät och intervjuresultaten indikerar att ECV bidrar till en minskad användning av andra hjälpmedel såsom batong och pepparspray, vilka ofta ger mer skador på både motpart och polis. Deltagarna från allmänheten har uppfattningen att ECV är ett effektivt och bra verktyg för polisen, men lyfter vikten av att det finns en lyhördhet gällande vilka situationer som den används i och mot vem.SLUTSATSER: Utifrån våra enkätresultat är det svårt att dra några säkra slutsatser kring hur användandet av ECV inverkar på skador hos poliser och motpart. Erfarenheterna bland de delaktiga är dock att risken för våld och skador minskar markant, vilket är en viktig indikator. Tillgången till ECV kan öka trygghet och minska stress i ingripandesituationer där kraftigt motstånd och våld förekommer. ECV kan även minska användandet av pepparspray och batong, och det finns indikationer på att ECV har använts istället för skjutvapen. ECV kan underlätta val av hjälpmedel vid ingripanden med hög grad av hot och våld och kan ha en deeskalerande inverkan. Polisens användande av våldshjälpmedel, inklusive ECV, upplevs berättigat av informanterna från allmänheten.
15.	Andersson, Malte, 1941, et al. (författare) ”Minskande befolkning är inte problemet” 2020 Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. ; :1 augusti, DN-debatt Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract Nätverket Population Matters Sweden: En uppmärksammad studie i The Lancet pekar mot en lägre befolkningsökning i världen än tidigare prognoser. Men en miljard människor till är fortfarande långt över vad jorden klarar. Befolkningstrenden måste snarare vända neråt, och det kräver åtgärder för att stärka kvinnors rättigheter världen över.
16.	Andresen Bergström, Moa, 1978, et al. (författare) Rethinking Drug Analysis in Health Care: High-Throughput Analysis of 71 Drugs of Abuse in Oral Fluid Using Ion Mobility-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry 2022 Ingår i: Journal of Analytical Toxicology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0146-4760 .- 1945-2403. ; 46:7, s. 765-775 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We have identified a clinical need for a sensitive, specific, flexible, comprehensive and affordable analytical technology to efficiently detect polydrug use. In addition, the current standard practice of surveilled urine sampling is uncomfortable for the patient; hence, more patient-friendly sample collection methods are requested. To fill these needs, we have developed and validated a high-throughput liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method for the analysis of drugs of abuse (DoA) in oral fluid (OF). The method covers a panel of 71 substances including traditional DoA, prescription narcotics and new psychoactive substances (NPS), with a guaranteed limit of identification of <3 mu g/L for 87% of the analytes. Method validation showed high accuracy (>99.7%), sensitivity (>99.7%) and specificity (100%). Most analytes had a high process efficiency during the salting-out liquid-liquid extraction sample preparation and no or only a minor matrix effect during the analysis. We have implemented this method in clinical routine and present data from 18,579 OF samples collected during routine patient treatment in mainly psychiatric and addiction clinics in West Sweden between September 2020 and June 2021. Seventy-one percent of the samples were positive and a total of 41,472 DoA findings were detected. Amphetamine (27%), buprenorphine (25%), nordiazepam (18%) and alprazolam (16%) were most prevalent. New psychoactive substances were detected in 189 samples (1.0%). The occurrence of polydrug use was common; 34% of the positive samples contained three analytes or more and 12% six or more. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method for comprehensive analysis of DoA in OF using LC-HRMS and the largest dataset published on the detection of DoA in OF. With the current complex and variable drug use pattern, this broad, cost-effective and reliable method has largely replaced immunoassay screening in urine in our laboratory.
17.	Azeez, Ahmed, 1991- (författare) High-Temperature Fatigue in a Steam Turbine Steel : Modelling of Cyclic Deformation and Crack Closure 2021 Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Existing conventional thermal power plants are retrofitted for flexible operations to assist the transition toward more renewable energies. The deployment of many renewable energy power plants is necessary to achieve a clean environment with less pollution. However, the intermittent nature of renewable energies, due to weather changes, and the lack of efficient large energy storage systems put renewables at a disadvantage. Flexible operations of power plants imply fast and frequent start-ups. Thus, retrofitted power production plants can be utilised as an energy backup to satisfy the immediate demand during peak energy times or when renewable energies are suddenly limited. Large thermal power plants generally employ steam turbines with high inlet temperature and pressure steam conditions. Materials used for components at the high-temperature turbine sections are expected to withstand harsh environments. The use of 9-12 % Cr martensitic steels is desirable due to, among other things, their superior resistance to creep for temperatures up to 625 °C. Retrofitting for flexible operations put steam turbine components under high-temperature fatigue loading conditions different from how they were designed before. The flexible operations could lead to fatigue cracking at critical locations, such as grooves and notches at the inner steam turbine casing. Thus, fatigue behaviour understanding of steam turbine materials under such loading conditions is essential for components life prediction. Accurate and less conservative fatigue life prediction approach is necessary to extend the turbine components life, which reduces waste and provides economic benefits. This can be done by extending operations past crack initiation phase and allowing controlled propagation of cracks in the components. Within the 9-12 % Cr steel class, the martensitic steam turbine steel called FB2 is studied under high-temperature fatigue. This includes investigating high-temperature fatigue life behaviour, cyclic deformation behaviour, stress relaxation behaviour, and crack propagation behaviour along with crack closure behaviour. This was achieved by experimentally testing samples made from FB2 steel under isothermal low cycle fatigue, isothermal fatigue crack propagation, and thermomechanical fatigue crack propagation.
18.	Bark, Glenn, et al. (författare) Politikerna struntar i klimatforskningen : 420 forskare: Regeringens politik är katastrofal – nu måste fler svenskar kräva en omställning 2023 Ingår i: Aftonbladet Debatt. - 1103-9000. Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract DEBATE. We researchers have long demanded that the government take climate research seriously and speed up the transition to a sustainable society.Instead, the government is pursuing a policy that deliberately increases emissions. Now more citizens need to raise their voices and show that we demand a knowledge-based climate transition, and it is urgent.
19.	Becher, Christoph, et al. (författare) High degree of consensus amongst an expert panel regarding focal resurfacing of chondral and osteochondral lesions of the femur with mini-implants 2023 Ingår i: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. - : Springer Nature. - 0942-2056 .- 1433-7347. ; 31:9, s. 4027-4034 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Introduction: The rationale for the use of mini-implants for partial resurfacing in the treatment of femoral chondral and osteochondral lesions is still under debate. The evidence supporting best practise guidelines is based on studies with low-level evidence. A consensus group of experts was convened to collaboratively advance towards consensus opinions regarding the best available evidence. The purpose of this article is to report the resulting consensus statements. Methods: Twenty-five experts participated in a process based on the Delphi method of achieving consensus. Questions and statements were drafted via an online survey of two rounds, for initial agreement and comments on the proposed statements. An in-person meeting between the panellists was organised during the 2022 ESSKA congress to further discuss and debate each of the statements. A final agreement was made via a final online survey a few days later. The strength of consensus was characterised as: consensus, 51–74% agreement; strong consensus, 75–99% agreement; unanimous, 100% agreement. Results: Statements were developed in the fields of patient assessment and indications, surgical considerations and postoperative care. Between the 25 statements that were discussed by this working group, 18 achieved unanimous, whilst 7 strong consensus. Conclusion: The consensus statements, derived from experts in the field, represent guidelines to assist clinicians in decision-making for the appropriate use of mini-implants for partial resurfacing in the treatment of femoral chondral and osteochondral lesions. Level of evidence: Level V.
20.	Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al. (författare) Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population 2021 Ingår i: Circulation. - Philadelphia : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
21.	Bergström, Göran, et al. (författare) Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population 2021 Ingår i: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
22.	Blom, Victoria, et al. (författare) Lifestyle Habits and Mental Health in Light of the Two COVID-19 Pandemic Waves in Sweden, 2020 2021 Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601 .- 1661-7827. ; 18:6 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has become a public health emergency of international concern, which may have affected lifestyle habits and mental health. Based on national health profile assessments, this study investigated perceived changes of lifestyle habits in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and associations between perceived lifestyle changes and mental health in Swedish working adults. Among 5599 individuals (50% women, 46.3 years), the majority reported no change (sitting 77%, daily physical activity 71%, exercise 69%, diet 87%, alcohol 90%, and smoking 97%) due to the pandemic. Changes were more pronounced during the first wave (April-June) compared to the second (October-December). Women, individuals <60 years, those with a university degree, white-collar workers, and those with unhealthy lifestyle habits at baseline had higher odds of changing lifestyle habits compared to their counterparts. Negative changes in lifestyle habits and more time in a mentally passive state sitting at home were associated with higher odds of mental ill-health (including health anxiety regarding one's own and relatives' health, generalized anxiety and depression symptoms, and concerns regarding employment and economy). The results emphasize the need to support healthy lifestyle habits to strengthen the resilience in vulnerable groups of individuals to future viral pandemics and prevent health inequalities in society.
23.	Bontekoe, Eelke, et al. (författare) Deliverable 9.5: Report on monitoring framework in LH cities and established baseline 2020 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The IRIS project has defined goals and targets in the project proposal, and the monitoring and evaluation work package (WP) 9 will analyse to what extent the project reaches these goals and objectives. The monitoring and evaluation will also provide information concerning the performance of the different solutions demonstrated in the Lighthouse (LH) cities in IRIS which is important for the replication of the solutions both in the LH cities and in other cities. This is of importance for the replicability of the solutions, both in the LH cities (Utrecht, Nice and Gothenburg) and in other cities. The project consists of several demonstration projects which are divided by 5 transition tracks (TTs): TT1; Smart renewables and closed- loop energy positive districts, TT2; Smart Energy Management and Storage for Grid Flexibility, TT3; Smart e-Mobility Sector, TT4; City Innovation Platform (CIP) Use Cases, TT5; Citizen engagement and co-creation.D9.5 is the result of 2 years of work with several iterative processes involving the LH cities and their partners with the ultimate goal to:Define a set of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) which evaluate the effectiveness and impact of the cities proposed measures.Setup monitoring plans for each IS to define how each parameter is being measured to ensure that the KPIs can be calculated.Define how the baseline and the targets are defined and measured.This work started as described in D9.2 (Report on monitoring and evaluation schemes for integrated solutions) [1] with:The definition of the initial list of KPIs and how to calculate them, based on Smart Cities Information System (SCIS) [2], the CITYKeys Project [3] and the IRIS project itself .The assignment of KPIs to relevant measures within the project.An evaluation plan to measure performance on project level, including aggregation of KPIs.The process has continued with D9.3 (Report on data model and management plan for integrated solutions) [4] and D9.4 (Report on unified framework for harmonized data gathering, analysis and reporting) [5], which define the basis of the methodologies used to come to the results written in this report.Feedback from several workshops on this topic has led to a guideline that supports the partners responsible for implementation of the demonstrators in setting up their projects such that:KPIs that are being measured are well understood.KPIs give a meaningful result.The right data is being measured to calculate the required KPIs during the implementation of the measures.An important part of this process is to have a close look at the KPIs that are projected for each demonstrator, the calculation method of the KPIs, and the expected results. By means of KPI interpretation forms. By doing so:• KPIs are defined and calculated such that only one way of interpretation is possible. This way results from different projects and cities are homogenized.• It is well understood what result the measurement of a KPI leads to.The method and results of this process are described in this report, which is a revised KPI list where KPIs are added, removed or adapted.In addition to this, the KPI interpretation forms created the basis for the formulation of detailed monitoring plans for all measures within the project. Together with template forms for reporting these plans and a common data structure, which were provided to the affiliated partners, these plans are obtained and described for all measures per Transition Track and per Lighthouse city in this report.Another essential part of measuring the performance of the IRIS project is the establishment of the baseline measurements and review if targets are met. Tables with KPI data requirements, consisting of the associated parameters, data sources, baseline and (possible) targets for all measures are incorporated.An important part of the monitoring strategy of the IRIS project is the KPI tool, which is described in detail in report D9.4 [5]. This tool is established to collect all relevant monitoring data from the IRIS project in order to calculate and visualize the performance of the project. The tool partly obtains it’s data by means of the City Information Platforms (CIP). The monitoring details combined with the updated KPIs, result in an inventory containing an overview of all data sources with as main objective:• To make sure that all data sources are known and will be measured by the responsible partners.• To know what kind of data needs to be collected by the KPI tool.• To know when monitoring in each demonstrator starts and data can be expected.• To have a clear overview for all responsible partners what to deliver.Besides setting up the collection of the indicators data, D9.5 also continues the work on aggregation of KPIs. For each city a revised list is made that indicates which KPIs will be aggregated to Transition Track-, City- and IRIS-level.In the conclusion the challenges that where met during the process of setting up the monitoring framework are described. Because of delays within the IRIS project, not all monitoring plans have been obtained yet. Therefore, a future update of this report will be submitted as soon as this information is available. Further on a perspective is described for future work to start gathering the data and visualize results of the IRIS project.The target group for this report is mainly people who:- Are interested in how to apply a unified monitoring and evaluation scheme into a large Smart City project with many different partners and stakeholders. For example, people working on comparable (Smart City) projects, or the follower cities within the IRIS project.- Are interested in how the performance of several different Smart city projects can be evaluated.- Are interested in the implementation of KPIs from projects such as SCIS and CITYkeys.- Want to learn from project partners from within the IRIS project who work on similar projectsabout their monitoring. For example, partners from different cities affiliated with the same transition track or transition track leaders.- Want to find out what kind of data can be expected from the IRIS project. For example, external researchers interested in the results of Smart City projects, but also partners working on WP4 (CIP) and WP9 (monitoring and evaluation).Want to learn what the current state is of the monitoring and evaluation of the IRIS project.
24.	Borgmästars, Emmy, et al. (författare) Comparison of Skimmed Milk and Lanthanum Flocculation for Concentration of Pathogenic Viruses in Water 2021 Ingår i: Food and Environmnetal Virology. - : Springer. - 1867-0334 .- 1867-0342. ; 13:3, s. 380-389 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Concentration of viruses in water is necessary for detection and quantification of the viruses present, in order to evaluate microbiological barriers in water treatment plants and detect pathogenic viruses during waterborne outbreaks, but there is currently no standardised procedure. In this study, we implemented a previously described fast and simple lanthanum-based protocol for concentration of norovirus genogroup I (GI), genogroup II (GII) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in drinking and surface water. We compared the results with those of a widely used skimmed milk flocculation method, followed by nucleic acid extraction and RT-qPCR detection. Three seeding levels, with intended concentrations 5 × 103, 5 × 104 and 5 × 105 genome copies/10 L, were added to drinking water or surface water. All seed levels were detected with both flocculation methods. Samples extracted with skimmed milk flocculation had on average 1.82, 1.86 and 1.38 times higher measured concentration of norovirus GI, GII and HAV, respectively, than those extracted with lanthanum flocculation, across all seeding levels and water types tested. Mengovirus was used as a positive process control. Mengovirus recovery was higher for skimmed milk (40.7% in drinking water, 26.0% in surface water) than for lanthanum flocculation (24.4% in drinking water, 9.7% in surface water). Together, this indicates that skimmed milk flocculation provides higher viral recovery than lanthanum flocculation. However, lanthanum-based flocculation can be performed much faster than skimmed milk flocculation (1.5 h versus 16 h flocculation time) and thus could be a good alternative for rapid monitoring of viruses in water.
25.	Byhamre, Marja Lisa, 1981- (författare) Snus use and mortality : associations, potential mechanisms, and socioeconomic aspects 2022 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Snus is a smokeless tobacco product made of a moist powder of ground tobacco. It is used mainly in the Nordic countries, although increasingly popular internationally. The Swedish snus tradition dates back to the seventeenth century, and it is now used daily by about 23% of the male and 6% of the female population. Snus contains high levels of nicotine as well as carcinogenic substances and microorganisms that could potentially cause adverse health effects. The physiological effects of snus use include acutely raised blood pressure and heart rate, and increased cardiac oxygen demand, while the psychological response results in alertness and anxiety reduction. The high nicotine content causes rapid onset of addiction. Previous research on snus use and health is largely inconclusive, but indicates increased risks of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality. This thesis aimed to further investigate the health effects of snus use, with a focus on mortality, potential underlying mechanisms, and the impact of socioeconomic factors. Four original papers form the base of this thesis. The first study was performed on a pooled dataset of eight Swedish cohorts (The Swedish Collaboration on Health Effects of Snus use), including over 169 000 men. We found an increased risk of all-cause (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.20; 1.35), cardiovascular, and other cause mortality, and indications of raised cancer mortality. The second study was set within an interventional program in northern Sweden (Västerbotten Intervention Programme) and included 46 000 men and women. It showed increased mortality overall (estimates similar to first study), from cardiovascular diseases, and external causes (e.g., accidents and suicide) that remained after controlling for socioeconomic status. We found these associations in groups of varying socioeconomic background (e.g., both basic education and high-income groups), suggesting that increased mortality risks among snus users are not restricted to certain socioeconomic groups. Studies three and four investigated potential underlying mechanisms that might contribute to increased mortality among snus users, including established cardiometabolic risk factors in study three (the metabolic syndrome and its components: obesity, hypertension, type 2-diabetes and abnormal blood lipids) and more novel risk factors in study four (low-grade inflammation, low vitamin D-concentrations, and altered iii testosterone levels). The analytical samples were drawn from a long- term follow-up study of around 900 16-year-olds in a municipality in northern Sweden (Northern Sweden Cohort, study three) and more than 6 000 participants in another population-based cohort (the Northern Sweden MONICA study, study four). We found no associations between snus use and established cardiometabolic risk factors, but there was evidence of lower concentrations of inflammatory and vitamin D-status biomarkers in both men and women, and higher testosterone concentrations in men who were currently using snus. We conclude that snus use is associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and to death by other causes, that may be restricted to external causes. Cancer mortality may also be increased among snus users. The associations cannot be fully explained by differences in socioeconomic status among snus users and non-users. Established cardiometabolic risk factors do not seem to be the main mechanisms behind these associations. Lower inflammatory biomarker levels among snus users may serve as a protective factor, while lower vitamin D-concentrations and increased testosterone levels may be part of an underlying mechanism linking snus use to increased mortality. Future research should focus on the health consequences of snus use among women, on other possible links between snus use and death, and on mortality in different cancers among users of snus. The health consequences of dual use of snus and cigarettes should also be assessed.
26.	Börjeson, Fia Christina, 1968, et al. (författare) Så kan studenter stöttas systematiskt i sitt skrivande 2021 Ingår i: Universitetsläraren. - 0282-4973. ; :2021:2, s. 34-35 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Debattartikel
27.	Calatayud, Joaquín, et al. (författare) Regularities in species’ niches reveal the world’s climate regions 2021 Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd.. - 2050-084X. ; 10 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Climate regions form the basis of many ecological, evolutionary, and conservation studies. However, our understanding of climate regions is limited to how they shape vegetation: They do not account for the distribution of animals. Here we develop a network-based framework to identify important climates worldwide based on regularities in realized niches of about 26,000 tetrapods. We show that high-energy climates, including deserts, tropical savannas, and steppes, are consistent across animal-and plant-derived classifications, indicating similar underlying climatic determinants. Conversely, temperate climates differ across all groups, suggesting that these climates allow for idiosyncratic adaptations. Finally, we show how the integration of niche classifications with geographical information enables the detection of climatic transition zones and the signal of geographic and historical processes. Our results identify the climates shaping the distribution of tetrapods and call for caution when using general climate classifications to study the ecology, evolution, or conservation of specific taxa.
28.	Carlsson, Magnus, 1975-, et al. (författare) Do employers avoid hiring workers from poor neighborhoods? : Experimental evidence from the real labor market 2023 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Economics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0347-0520 .- 1467-9442. ; 125:2, s. 376-402 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We investigate if employers avoid hiring workers living in neighborhoods with low socioeconomic status and/or with long commuting times. In a large-scale field experiment in the Swedish labor market, we sent more than 4,000 fictitious resumes, with randomly assigned information about the applicants’ residential locations, to firms with advertised vacancies. Our findings show that commuting time has a negative effect on the likelihood of being contacted by an employer, while the socioeconomic status of a neighborhood does not appear to be important. These results offer guidance for policymakers responsible for reversing segregation patterns.
29.	Carlsson, Magnus, 1975-, et al. (författare) Language Proficiency and Hiring of Immigrants : Evidence from a New Field Experimental Approach 2023 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Labor markets in advanced economies have undergone substantial change in recentdecades due to globalization, technological improvements, and organizational changes. Due tothese developments, oral and written language skills have become increasingly important evenin less skilled jobs. Immigrants – who often have limited skills in the host country languageupon arrival – are likely to be particularly affected by the increase in language requirements.Despite this increase in literacy requirements, little is known about how immigrants’ languageproficiency is rewarded in the labor market. However, estimating the causal effect ofimmigrants’ language skills on hiring is challenging due to potential biases caused by omittedvariables, reverse causality, and measurement error.To address identification problems, we conduct a large-scale field experiment, where wesend thousands of fictitious resumes to employers with a job opening. With the help of aprofessional linguist, we manipulate the cover letters by introducing common second-languagefeatures, which makes the resumes reflect variation in the language skills of real-worldmigrants. Our findings show that better language proficiency in the cover letter has a strongpositive effect on the callback rate for a job interview: moving from the lowest level of languageproficiency to a level similar to natives almost doubles the callback rate. Consistent with therecent development that language proficiency is also important for many low- and mediumskilledjobs, the effect of better language skills does not vary across the vastly different typesof occupations we study. Finally, the results from employer surveys suggest that it is improvedlanguage skills per se that is the dominant explanation behind the language proficiency effect,rather than language skills acting as a proxy for other unobserved abilities or characteristics.
30.	Carlsson, Magnus, et al. (författare) Väljs äldre jobbsökande bort vid rekryteringar? 2020 Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - 0345-2646. ; 48:7, s. 7-18 Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract I denna artikel diskuterar vi förekomsten av åldersdiskriminering vid rekryteringar på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. Vi har genomfört ett fältexperiment, där över 6 000 fiktiva jobbansökningar med slumpmässigt tilldelad information om ålder (i intervallet 35–70 år) har skickats till arbetsgivare med en utannonserad vakans. Vi finner att sannolikheten att bli kontaktad av en arbetsgivare faller kraftigt redan från 40-årsåldern och är mycket låg för personer nära pensionsåldern. Kontaktsannolikheten faller snabbare med åldern för kvinnor än för män. Arbetsgivares uppfattningar om arbetstagares förmåga att lära sig nya saker, vara anpassningsbara/flexibla och vara drivna/initiativrika kan vara viktiga förklaringar till diskrimineringen.
31.	Churqui, Marianela Patzi, 1987, et al. (författare) Prevalence of viral sexually transmitted infections and HPV high-risk genotypes in women in rural communities in the Department of la Paz, Bolivia 2020 Ingår i: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2334. ; 20:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract © 2020 The Author(s). Background: Bolivia has the highest prevalence of cervical cancer in South America and the prevalence of viral sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among people in urban cities is increasing. Little is known about the prevalence of viral STIs in rural communities, which generally have limited access to health care. In order to study the prevalence of viral STIs in rural Bolivia, we recruited women from villages and towns in the Department of La Paz in Bolivia. Methods: Three hundred ninety-four female participants were assessed for IgG-antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV, anti-HBc), as well as for the presence of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) in dried blood spots. The prevalence of 12 high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) was assessed by qPCR in dried cervicovaginal cell spots from 376 of these women. χ2 test was used to compare variables between the populations and binary logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with the positivity of the tests. Results: The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was 53% and of HBV 10.3%. HBAg was detected in 15.8% of women with anti-HBV antibodies indicating chronic infection. The frequency of high-risk HPV infection was 27%, with the most prevalent high-risk HPV types being HPV 56, 39 and 31 followed by HPV 16 and 18. Finally, none of the 394 women were seropositive for HIV, and about 64% of the studied population was positive for at least one of the viral infections. Conclusions: Women in Bolivian rural communities in La Paz show a high prevalence of HBV, HPV and, in particular, HSV-2. In contrast, none of the women were HIV positive, suggesting that the HIV prevalence in this population is low. The pattern of high-risk HPV types differed from many other countries with a predominance of HPV-types not included in the Gardasil vaccine which was officially introduced in Bolivia in April 2017.
32.	De Marinis, Yang, et al. (författare) Serology assessment of antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19 by rapid IgM/IgG antibody test 2020 Ingår i: Infection Ecology and Epidemiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-8686. ; 10:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a global health- and economic crisis. Detection of antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which causes COVID-19 by serological methods is important to diagnose a current or resolved infection. In this study, we applied a rapid COVID-19 IgM/IgG antibody test and performed serology assessment of antibody response to SARS-CoV-2. In PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients (n = 45), the total antibody detection rate is 92% in hospitalized patients and 79% in non-hospitalized patients. The total IgM and IgG detection is 63% in patients with <2 weeks from disease onset; 85% in non-hospitalized patients with >2 weeks disease duration; and 91% in hospitalized patients with >2 weeks disease duration. We also compared different blood sample types and suggest a higher sensitivity by serum/plasma over whole blood. Test specificity was determined to be 97% on 69 sera/plasma samples collected between 2016-2018. Our study provides a comprehensive validation of the rapid COVID-19 IgM/IgG serology test, and mapped antibody detection patterns in association with disease progress and hospitalization. Our results support that the rapid COVID-19 IgM/IgG test may be applied to assess the COVID-19 status both at the individual and at a population level.
33.	Ekblom Bak, Elin, 1981-, et al. (författare) Cardiorespiratory fitness and lifestyle on severe COVID-19 risk in 279,455 adults: a case control study 2021 Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1479-5868. ; 18:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background The impact of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and other lifestyle-related factors on severe COVID-19 risk is understudied. The present study aims to investigate lifestyle-related and socioeconomic factors as possible predictors of COVID-19, with special focus on CRF, and to further study whether these factors may attenuate obesity- and hypertension-related risks, as well as mediate associations between socioeconomic factors and severe COVID-19 risk. Methods Out of initially 407,131 participants who participated in nationwide occupational health service screening between 1992 and 2020, n = 857 cases (70% men, mean age 49.9 years) of severe COVID-19 were identified. CRF was estimated using a sub-maximum cycle test, and other lifestyle variables were self-reported. Analyses were performed including both unmatched, n = 278,598, and sex-and age-matched, n = 3426, controls. Severe COVID-19 included hospitalization, intensive care or death due to COVID-19. Results Patients with more severe COVID-19 had significantly lower CRF, higher BMI, a greater presence of comorbidities and were more often daily smokers. In matched analyses, there was a graded decrease in odds for severe COVID-19 with each ml in CRF (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.970 to 0.998), and a two-fold increase in odds between the lowest and highest (< 32 vs. >= 46 ml center dot min(-1)center dot kg(-1)) CRF group. Higher BMI (per unit increase, OR = 1.09, 1.06 to 1.12), larger waist circumference (per cm, OR = 1.04, 1.02 to 1.06), daily smoking (OR = 0.60, 0.41 to 0.89) and high overall stress (OR = 1.36, 1.001 to 1.84) also remained significantly associated with severe COVID-19 risk. Obesity- and blood pressure-related risks were attenuated by adjustment for CRF and lifestyle variables. Mediation through CRF, BMI and smoking accounted for 9% to 54% of the associations between low education, low income and blue collar/low skilled occupations and severe COVID-19 risk. The results were consistent using either matched or unmatched controls. Conclusions Both lifestyle-related and socioeconomic factors were associated with risk of severe COVID-19. However, higher CRF attenuated the risk associated with obesity and high blood pressure, and mediated the risk associated with various socioeconomic factors. This emphasises the importance of interventions to maintain or increase CRF in the general population to strengthen the resilience to severe COVID-19, especially in high-risk individuals.
34.	Ekblom Bak, Elin, 1981-, et al. (författare) Latent profile analysis patterns of exercise, sitting and fitness in adults – Associations with metabolic risk factors, perceived health, and perceived symptoms 2020 Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Aim To identify and describe the characteristics of naturally occurring patterns of exercise, sitting in leisure time and at work and cardiorespiratory fitness, and the association of such profiles with metabolic risk factors, perceived health, and perceived symptoms. Methods 64,970 participants (42% women, 18–75 years) participating in an occupational health service screening in 2014–2018 were included. Exercise and sitting were self-reported. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated using a submaximal cycle test. Latent profile analysis was used to identify profiles. BMI and blood pressure were assessed through physical examination. Perceived back/neck pain, overall stress, global health, and sleeping problems were self-reported. Results Six profiles based on exercise, sitting in leisure time and at work and cardiorespiratory fitness were identified and labelled; Profile 1 “Inactive, low fit and average sitting in leisure, with less sitting at work”; Profile 2 “Inactive, low fit and sedentary”; Profile 3 “Active and average fit, with less sitting at work”; Profile 4 “Active, average fit and sedentary in leisure, with a sedentary work” (the most common profile, 35% of the population); Profile 5 “Active and fit, with a sedentary work”; Profile 6 “Active and fit, with less sitting at work”. Some pairwise similarities were found between profiles (1 and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6), mainly based on similar levels of exercise, leisure time sitting and fitness, which translated into similar dose-response associations with the outcomes. In general, profile 1 and 2 demonstrated most adverse metabolic and perceived health, profile 4 had a more beneficial health than profile 3, as did profile 6 compared to profile 5. Conclusions The present results implies a large variation in exercise, sitting, and fitness when studying naturally occurring patterns, and emphasize the possibility to target exercise, sitting time, and/or fitness in health enhancing promotion intervention and strategies. © 2020 Ekblom-Bak et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
35.	Ekholm, David, 1980-, et al. (författare) Rättighetsarbete med egen erfarenhet som grund 2023 Ingår i: De sociala rättigheternas politik. - Malmö : Gleerups Utbildning AB. - 9789151109855 ; , s. 203-220 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
36.	Ericsson, Ingegerd, 1951-, et al. (författare) Idrott och hälsa i Malmös skolor : Idrottsundervisning varje dag i skolan förbättrar enligt vetenskaplig utvärdering elevers motorik, skelett och skolprestationer 2021 Ingår i: Idrottsforum.org/Nordic sport science forum. - : Malmö universitet. - 1652-7224. ; :20210916 Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
37.	Ericsson, Ingegerd, 1951-, et al. (författare) Schemalägg fler idrottslektioner enligt Bunkeflomodellen : Debatt artikel i Idrott & hälsa 2021 Ingår i: Idrott & hälsa. - : Svenska idrottslärarföreningen. - 1653-1124. ; :4, s. 18-19 Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
38.	Eriksson, Andreas, 1973, et al. (författare) Editorial: EATAW2019: Selected papers from the 10th Conference of the European Association for the Teaching of Academic Writing, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, July, 2019 2020 Ingår i: Journal of Academic Writing. - : Coventry University, Lanchester Library. - 2225-8973. ; 10:1 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract https://publications.coventry.ac.uk/index.php/joaw/article/view/719
39.	Eriksson, Anna L, et al. (författare) Serum Glycine Levels Are Associated With Cortical Bone Properties and Fracture Risk in Men. 2021 Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 106:12 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In a recent study a pattern of 27 metabolites, including serum glycine, associated with bone mineral density (BMD).To investigate associations for serum and urinary glycine levels with BMD, bone microstructure, and fracture risk in men.In the population-based Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Sweden study (men, 69-81 years) serum glycine and BMD were measured at baseline (n=965) and 5-year follow-up (n=546). Cortical and trabecular bone parameters of the distal tibia were measured at follow-up using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Urinary (n=2682) glycine was analyzed at baseline. X-ray-validated fractures (n=594) were ascertained during a median follow-up of 9.6 years. Associations were evaluated using linear regression (bone parameters) or Cox regression (fractures).Circulating glycine levels were inversely associated with femoral neck (FN)-BMD. A meta-analysis (n=7543) combining MrOS Sweden data with data from 3 other cohorts confirmed a robust inverse association between serum glycine levels and FN-BMD (P=7.7×10-9). Serum glycine was inversely associated with the bone strength parameter failure load in the distal tibia (P=0.002), mainly as a consequence of an inverse association with cortical cross-sectional area and a direct association with cortical porosity. Both serum and urinary glycine levels predicted major osteoporotic fractures (serum: hazard ratio [HR] per SD increase=1.22, 95% CI, 1.05-1.43; urine: HR=1.13, 95% CI, 1.02-1.24). These fracture associations were only marginally reduced in models adjusted by FRAX with BMD.Serum and urinary glycine are indirectly associated with FN-BMD and cortical bone strength, and directly associated with fracture risk in men.
40.	Eriksson, Anna, et al. (författare) REDIG- Regionala godshubbar i Göteborg : FÖRSTUDIE – DRIVE SWEDEN 2023 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Denna rapport är ett resultat av en förstudie kring en logistik- och transportlösning (som kan realiseras i form av en gemensam hubb) för aktörer som är placerade i evenemangsstråket i Göteborg. Rapporten svarar på frågor kring nulägesanalys av aktörernas logistiklösningar, leveranstrafik inom evenemangsstråket, samt hur leveranstrafik kan se ut under 2030+ om inga förändringar i leverans/logistikupplägget görs. En viktig slutsats som framgår är att det krävs åtgärder som minskar leveranstrafiken, eftersom elektrifiering av fordon inte kan eliminera trängsel och buller som står för den största delen av de samhällsekonomiska kostnaderna. Utan förändringar i logistikupplägget och fordonsflottan förväntas de samhällsekonomiska kostnaderna öka med cirka 30%. Förändringar i logistikupplägget kan nås genom ett optimerad trafikflöde, vilket i sin tur kan realiseras genom en gemensam samlastningshubb för små och fragmenterade flöden som kan minska antalet anlöp och fordonstrafiken i området. Baserat på intervjuer med aktörerna, studiebesök, studerande av underlag, workshops och analys av logistikbehoven, kan det sammanfattas att verksamheterna, utmaningar och logistikbehoven i stort sett är ganska lika. En gemensam extern hubb kan frigöra yta hos verksamheterna som kan användas för att skapa nya affärsmöjligheter. En möjlighet för att upphandla en tredjeparts logistik- och transportlösning är att bygga ett konsortium där alla aktörer delar på kostnaden för terminalhantering samt samlastning/samkörning. Det finns stora möjligheter att hitta lösningar för logistikhubb som uppfyller kraven på geografisk närhet och säkra leveranser i trafiksystemet – och det är klokt att anpassa leveranstider för att undvika trängsel. Det finns en vilja hos aktörerna att minska transporterna, anpassa sin verksamhet för effektivisering vid mottagning och förvaring, ställa om mot fossilfrihet och på det sättet bidra till transporteffektivitet som krävs för att nå mål inom klimatneutralitet 2030. Det finns stora behov för förändring i trafikflödet inom GGCZ och det finns en stor potential att optimera det genom att konsolidera och styra leveranser.
41.	Eriksson, Anna, et al. (författare) Slutrapport inom Gothenburg Green City Zone (GGCZ): Metodik för analys och införande av klimatneutrala mobilitets- och transportlösningar i städer 2024 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Denna rapport är ett arbetsdokument som har efterfrågats i arbetet inom Gothenburg Green City Zone (GGCZ), där det pågår en process för att ta fram en mer detaljerad planering för en övergång till helt fossilfria transporter i Göteborg. Rapporten resonerar först kring zonbegreppet, vilken forskning som tidigare gjorts, vilka slags zoner som redan finns och som implementerats i Sverige och Europa. Rapporten föreslår sedan en metodik för hur zoner kan definieras och hur en generell zonindelning skulle kunna upprättas som skulle kunna användas som mall för både Göteborg och andra städer. Arbetet är inte färdigt utan kommer att fortsätta under kommande år både inom RISE och tillsammans med övriga samarbetspartners. Det som kvarstår är att definiera i detalj vilka parametrar och egenskaper som gör en viss zon unik, exempelvis genom mätetal som stadsdelars täthet, demografi, socioekonomiska förhållanden, infrastruktur samt befintlig framkomlighet. Målet med arbetet har varit att utveckla och förbättra kunskapen om zonmetodiken, visa på dess möjliga fördelar och utveckla ett verktyg för att användas i omställningen och att hjälpa Göteborg och andra städer att lyckas med omställningen mot klimatneutrala transporter till år 2030.
42.	Eriksson, Axl, et al. (författare) Synthesis of Well-Ordered Functionalized Silicon Microwires Using Displacement Talbot Lithography for Photocatalysis 2024 Ingår i: ACS Omega. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2470-1343. ; 9:18, s. 20623-20628 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) is a cheap and scalable method that is commonly used to obtain silicon nano- or microwires but lacks spatial control. Herein, we present a synthesis method for producing vertical and highly periodic silicon microwires, using displacement Talbot lithography before wet etching with MACE. The functionalized periodic silicon microwires show 65% higher PEC performance and 2.3 mA/cm2 higher net photocurrent at 0 V compared to functionalized, randomly distributed microwires obtained by conventional MACE at the same potentials.
43.	Eriksson Barman, Sandra, 1985, et al. (författare) New characterization measures of pore shape and connectivity applied to coatings used for controlled drug release 2021 Ingår i: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1520-6017 .- 0022-3549. ; 110:7, s. 2753-2764 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Pore geometry characterization-methods are important tools for understanding how pore structure influences properties such as transport through a porous material. Bottlenecks can have a large influence on transport and related properties. However, existing methods only catch certain types of bottleneck effects caused by variations in pore size. We here introduce a new measure, geodesic channel strength, which captures a different type of bottleneck effect caused by many paths coinciding in the same pore. We further develop new variants of pore size measures and propose a new way of visualizing 3-D characterization results using layered images. The new measures together with existing measures were used to characterize and visualize properties of 3-D FIB-SEM images of three leached ethyl-cellulose/hydroxypropyl-cellulose films. All films were shown to be anisotropic, and the strongest anisotropy was found in the film with lowest porosity. This film had very tortuous paths and strong geodesic channel-bottlenecks, while the paths through the other two films were relatively straight with well-connected pore networks. The geodesic channel strength was shown to give important new visual and quantitative insights about connectivity, and the new pore size measures provided useful information about anisotropies and inhomogeneities in the pore structures. The methods have been implemented in the freely available software MIST.
44.	Eriksson, Emil, 1990, et al. (författare) Dynamic and Post-Dynamic Recrystallization of Haynes 282 below the Secondary Carbide Solvus 2021 Ingår i: Metals. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-4701. ; 11:1, s. 1-24 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Thermomechanical processes, such as forging, are important steps during manufacturing of superalloy components. The microstructural development during processing, which controls the final component properties, is complex and depends on e.g., applied strain, strain rate and temperature. In this study, we investigate the effect of process parameters on the dynamic and post-dynamic recrystallization during hot compression of Ni-base superalloy Haynes 282. Specifically, we address the effect of deformation below the grain boundary carbide solvus temperature. During deformation, discontinuous and continuous dynamic recrystallization was observed at the grain boundaries, and particle-stimulated nucleation occurred at primary carbides. Strain rate was determined to be the governing factor controlling the recrystallization fraction for strain rates up to 0.5 s−1 above which adiabatic heating became the dominating factor. Careful examination of the temperature development during deformation showed that the response of the closed-loop temperature control system to adiabatic heating can have important effects on the interpretation of the observed behavior. During a 90 s post-deformation hold, grain growth and an increasing fraction of twin boundaries significantly changed the deformation-induced microstructure and texture. The microstructure developed during post-dynamic recrystallization was mainly controlled by the temperature and only weakly coupled to the prior deformation step.
45.	Eriksson, Emil, 1990, et al. (författare) Dynamic recrystallization during hot compression of Ni-based superalloy Haynes 282 2023 Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 960, s. 170837-170837 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Understanding the microstructural behaviour of materials during thermomechanical processing is a vital step towards optimizing the mechanical properties. One important aspect during forming processes, such as forging, is dynamic recrystallization (DRX), which sets the starting microstructure for the subsequent manufacturing steps. Here we investigated the DRX behaviour of Ni-base superalloy Haynes 282 during hot compression with a strain rate of 0.05 s−1 at 1080 °C, with care taken to minimize the effects of meta-dynamic recrystallization (mDRX) and adiabatic heating. Small DRX grains could be observed already at ε = 0.1, i.e. before the peak strain εp = 0.15. The DRX process accelerated significantly above ε = 0.2, and the material was fully recrystallized at ε = 1.5. Up to ε = 0.8 DRX occurred through continuous nucleation of new grains, whereas above ε = 0.8 the number density of DRX grains decreased and the increase in recrystallized fraction was due to growth of existing grains. Contrary to common assumptions of DRX nuclei being essentially dislocation free, many of the DRX grains contained pronounced dislocation substructures, even at small strains where they are not expected to have undergone deformation.
46.	Eriksson, Emil, 1990, et al. (författare) Meta-Dynamic Recrystallization in the Ni-Based Superalloy Haynes 282 2023 Ingår i: Metals. - : MDPI. - 2075-4701. ; 13:8 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Forging on an industrial scale often involves slow, size-limited cooling rates or high temperature hold times between, or after, deformation. This enables the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) initiated during forging to further progress under static conditions, a phenomenon called meta-dynamic recrystallization (mDRX). As mDRX will influence the final grain size, and thus properties, it is critical to understand and control it during processing. Here, we study the mDRX evolution in Ni-based superalloy Haynes 282 during post-deformation hold times of up to 120 s at 1080 °C after partial DRX. We find that mDRX is the dominating mechanisms responsible for the microstructure evolution the hold time. The very rapid mDRX kinetics in the initial stages suggest that quench delays (the time between the end of the deformation and the onset of the quenching intended to arrest the microstructure evolution) must be kept well below 1 s in order to allow reliable conclusions to be drawn from post-deformation microstructure investigations. A larger prior strain (larger DRX fraction) leads to faster mDRX kinetics and a larger final grain size. Larger strains leads to earlier impingement of the growing grains, which, in combination with smaller remaining deformed regions into which the grains can grow, limits the maximum size of the mDRX grains. We also note a close correlation between static recovery and stress relaxation during the hold time, whereas no such correlation between mDRX and stress relaxation can be observed.
47.	Eriksson, Emil, 1990, et al. (författare) The Effect of Grain Boundary Carbides on Dynamic Recrystallization During Hot Compression of Ni-Based Superalloy Haynes 282 2022 Ingår i: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1073-5623. ; 53:1, s. 29-38 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In alloys where carbides are the main grain boundary phase, the role of carbides during hot working is not known. Here, we address the effect of grain boundary carbides on the dynamic recrystallization during hot compression of Ni-base superalloy Haynes 282. When excluding variations from experimental factors neither stress evolution nor final microstructure indicated that carbides exerted a significant influence on the dynamic recrystallization. The carbide solvus temperature is not a critical limit during thermomechanical processes.
48.	Eriksson, Kalle, 1991- (författare) Politicising automation : ideas on work, technology, and agency in the Swedish political debate 2024 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Over the last decade, rapid advancements in artificial intelligence and other automation technologies have sparked extensive and sometimes heated debates over the wider societal impacts of ongoing technological shifts. Even if there is wide agreement that policymaking will play a crucial role for how the future of automation will unfold, these debates tend to emphasise the technical and economic aspects of labour automation while largely overlooking its inherently political dimensions. In recent years, critical scholars within the social sciences have sought to challenge this narrow focus by bringing attention to the various biased effects that automation processes give rise to in terms of justice and power, but automation of labour as a political issue in and of itself remains underexplored. Given the broad acknowledgement of the importance of policymaking, what is especially needed is an increased understanding of how policymakers themselves interpret this issue, as well as their own roles in relation to it. This thesis aims to narrow this knowledge gap by examining the manifest and latent political ideas that underpin the ways in which Swedish policymakers interpret and negotiate the issue of automation, to thereby gain a fuller understanding of what key values that are at stake in the Swedish automation debate. To do so, an ideational analysis has been conducted using parliamentary documents, media and party texts, as well as semi-structured interviews with policymakers as data.The analysis shows that while Swedish policymakers generally perceive automation of labour as a non-contentious issue in Swedish politics, their ideas on the matter are informed by underlying normative and empirical assumptions that lead to conflicting conclusions regarding both the desirability of increased automation and the roles of policymaking for governing the technologies in question. The analysis also finds that actors’ views on automation are tightly connected to their views on a range of related, more fundamental, political issues – such as the character and values of human labour, and the role of the state in relation to the market. Since these related issues are indeed quite ideologically polarising in the Swedish context, the findings indicate that also automation is a more polarising issue than many policymakers perceive it to be. In other words, while the issue has yet to cause any explicit political conflicts in the Swedish debate, the identified disparities and ideational tensions clearly suggest that automation is not merely a technological inevitability but a complex, politically charged arena where different, if often latent, visions of the future contend.Thus, the portrayal of automation as a politically neutral phenomenon risks obscuring its inherently contestable character and preventing the critical ideological debates that therefore ought to surround it. By bringing our attention to the different and sometimes conflicting political ideas that automation is subject to, the thesis aims to contribute to a more politicised automation debate in which said ideas are not shied away from but openly contested and deliberated over. Such a debate would not only be more democratic, but also more likely to realise some of the unprecedented opportunities that automation technologies grant us.
49.	Eriksson, Magnus, et al. (författare) A new database of the references on international clinical practice guidelines : a facility for the evaluation of clinical research 2020 Ingår i: Scientometrics. - : Springer. - 0138-9130 .- 1588-2861. ; 122:2, s. 1221-1235 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Although there are now several bibliographic databases of research publications, such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scopus, and the Web of Science (WoS), and some also include counts of citations, there is at present no similarly comprehensive database of the rapidly growing number of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), with their references, which sometimes number in the hundreds. CPGs have been shown to be useful for the evaluation of clinical (as opposed to basic) biomedical research, which often suffers from relatively low counts of citations in the serial literature. The objectives were to introduce a new citation database, clinical impact (R), and demonstrate how it can be used to evaluate research impact of clinical research publications by exploring the characteristics of CPG citations of two sets of papers, as well as show temporal variation of clinical impactand the WoS. The paper includes the methodology used to retain the data and also the rationale adopted to achieve data quality. The analysis showed that although CPGs tend preferentially to cite papers from their own country, this is not always the case. It also showed that cited papers tend to have a more clinical research level than uncited papers. An analysis of diachronous citations in both clinical impactand the WoS showed that although the WoS citations showed a decreasing trend after a peak at 2-3 years after publication, this was less clear for CPG citations and a longer timescale would be needed to evaluate their impact on these documents.
50.	Eriksson, Magnus, et al. (författare) A Scoping Review of Research Exploring Working Life Practices of People with Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic 2023 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research. - : Stockholm University Press. - 1501-7419 .- 1745-3011. ; 25:1, s. 241-255 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract There have been numerous research studies stating the fact that the pandemic affected people with disabilities’ working lives. Less research has been conducted on how people with disabilities coped with and learned from these challenges. This scoping review maps research conducted in the field of disability research and multidisciplinary research, published from the outbreak of the pandemic until October 31, 2022. The focus is on how people with disabilities adapted their working lives to the conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and what working practices and strategies they applied to manage the situation. From an extensive search in bibliographic databases, eight research articles were identified. The review results reveal both challenges and new openings for the working life of people with disabilities post-pandemic. Implications for future research are identified, addressing intersectionality, hybrid work environments, digital gaps and increased participation of people with disabilities in research.

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