| 1. |
- Svensson, Nina, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Ride the future – strategisk satsning : fem studier med fokus på autonoma bussar i städer
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fem noga utvalda förstudier har initierats av VTI som en del i den strategiska satsningen ”Ride the future” kopplad till framtidens mobilitetslösningar. Förstudiernas titel är följande: ▪ Databearbetning och visualisering av mobila luftkvalitetsmätningar. ▪ SUMO och Unreal Engine för co-simulering. ▪ Exploring spatio-temporal accessibility in Lambohov: a pre-study. ▪ Vägytans betydelse för vibrationer och komfort i långsamma fordon. ▪ Infrastrukturbehov vid busshållplatser. Föreliggande pm innehåller en kort beskrivning av studierna och den mer utförliga redovisningen återfinns i bilagan.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Eklund, Petter, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Evaluation of a Rare Earth-Free Permanent Magnet Generator
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. - Piscataway : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1558-0059 .- 0885-8969. ; 36:1, s. 3-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low speed, high torque machines are used in wind turbines where the turbine rotor is directly connected to the generator. A permanent magnet synchronous generator using high-energy rare-earth permanent magnets (PMs) is one common choice for this application, but rare-earth PMs have supply insecurities and cost risks. A rare-earth free 32-pole PM generator, using ferrite PMs in a spoke-type rotor, for use in a 12 kW experimental wind turbine is built and tested. Voltages and currents at load and no load are measured, as well as the magnetic field in the end regions of the machine. The generator can deliver the required power at nominal speed and has low harmonic content in the output. The electrical measurements are compared to two-dimensional finite element design calculations and the experimental results are lower than expected from simulations. The measured voltage is lower than expected, requiring a higher current than calculated for the rated power. Three-dimensional magnetic field simulations show that there are leakage flux paths in the end-regions that the two-dimensional design calculations overlook, explaining the discrepancy between simulations and measurements.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Högström, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Dance and Yoga Reduced Functional Abdominal Pain in Young Girls : A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pain. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1090-3801 .- 1532-2149. ; 26:2, s. 336-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) affect children, especially girls, all over the world. The evidence for existing treatments is mixed, and effective accessible treatments are needed. Dance, a rhythmic cardio-respiratory activity, combined with yoga, which enhances relaxation and focus, may provide physiological and psychological benefits that could help to ease pain.Objectives: The aim with this study was to evaluate the effects of a dance and yoga intervention on maximum abdominal pain in 9- to 13-year- old girls with FAPDs.Methods: This study was a prospective randomised controlled trial with 121 participants recruited from outpatient clinics as well as the general public. The intervention group participated in dance and yoga twice weekly for 8 months; controls received standard care. Abdominal pain, as scored on the Faces Pain Scale–Revised, was recorded in a pain diary. A linear mixed model was used to estimate the outcomes and effect sizes.Results: Dance and yoga were superior to standard healthcare alone, with a medium to high between-group effect size and significantly greater pain reduction (b = −1.29, p = 0.002) at the end of the intervention.Conclusions: An intervention using dance and yoga is likely a feasible and beneficial complementary treatment to standard health care for 9- to 13-year-old girls with FAPDs.Significance: FAPDs affect children, especially girls, all over the world. The negative consequences such as absence from school, high consumption of medical care and depression pose a considerable burden on children and their families and effective treatments are needed. This is the first study examining a combined dance/yoga intervention for young girls with FAPDs and the result showed a reduction of abdominal pain. These findings contribute with new evidence in the field of managing FAPDs in a vulnerable target group.
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| 7. |
- Lundberg, Joacim, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal Variation of Road Dust Load and Its Size Distribution—a Comparative Study of a Porous and a Dense Pavement
- 2020
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Ingår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution. - : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 0049-6979 .- 1573-2932. ; 231:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resuspension of road dust contributes to air quality issues with resulting health impacts. Limited studies imply that porous pavements can initially mitigate PM10 emissions by acting as a dust trap, but the abrasion wear generates road dust and thus accelerates the clogging processes. In addition, knowledge regarding the impact of pavement types on road dust load dynamics is limited. Road traffic noise can be mitigated using porous pavements, but the use of studded tyres increases the abrasion wear of the pavement as well as increasing the noise emission. Due to this durability problem, porous pavements are rarely used in the Nordic countries where, instead, dense pavements which are abrasion resistant are more common. Linköping municipality, in Sweden, constructed a porous pavement to mitigate road traffic noise. This led to the opportunity to investigate the temporal variation of the dust load dynamics and inherent size distributions over the winter and spring in comparison to those of an adjacent dense pavement. Results, when using the wet dust sampler (WDS) method, showed similar dust load dynamics for the dense and porous pavements. The results were also compared to previous studies using the same method on different dense pavements in Stockholm, Sweden. All locations showed a seasonal variation with higher dust loads during winter and early spring and declining loads towards summer. The size distributions were more complex for the wheel tracks at the porous pavement, having primarily properties of a mixture model compared to the simple size distributions for the dense pavement. On the other hand, the dust load and size distribution were more similar between the porous and dense pavements regarding loads and shapes, indicating a less pronounced but similar behaviour between the surfaces outside of the wheel tracks.
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| 8. |
- Philipson, Anna, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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An Intervention With Dance and Yoga for Girls With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders (Just in TIME) : Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: JMIR Research Protocols. - Toronto, Canada : JMIR Publications. - 1929-0748. ; 9:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) affect many children worldwide, predominantly girls, and cause considerable long-term negative consequences for individuals and society. Evidence-based and cost-effective treatments are therefore strongly needed. Physical activity has shown promising effects in the practical management of FAPDs. Dance and yoga are both popular activities that have been shown to provide significant psychological and pain-related benefits with minimal risk. The activities complement each other, in that dance involves dynamic, rhythmic physical activity, while yoga enhances relaxation and focus.Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of a dance and yoga intervention among girls aged 9 to 13 years with FAPDs.Methods: The study is a prospective randomized controlled trial among girls aged 9 to 13 years with functional abdominal pain, irritable bowel syndrome, or both. The target sample size was 150 girls randomized into 2 arms: an intervention arm that receives dance and yoga sessions twice weekly for 8 months and a control arm that receives standard care. Outcomes will be measured at baseline and after 4, 8, 12, and 24 months, and long-term follow-up will be conducted 5 years from baseline. Questionnaires, interviews, and biomarker measures, such as cortisol in saliva and fecal microbiota, will be used. The primary outcome is the proportion of girls in each group with reduced pain, as measured by the faces pain scale-revised in a pain diary, immediately after the intervention. Secondary outcomes are gastrointestinal symptoms, general health, mental health, stress, and physical activity. The study also includes qualitative evaluations and health economic analyses. This study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Uppsala (No. 2016/082 1-2).Results: Data collection began in October 2016. The intervention has been performed in 3 periods from 2016 through 2019. The final 5-year follow-up is anticipated to be completed by fall 2023.Conclusions: Cost-effective and easily accessible interventions are warranted to reduce the negative consequences arising from FAPDs in young girls. Physical activity is an effective strategy, but intervention studies are needed to better understand what types of activities facilitate regular participation in this target group. The Just in TIME (Try, Identify, Move, and Enjoy) study will provide insights regarding the effectiveness of dance and yoga and is anticipated to contribute to the challenging work ofreducing the burden of FAPDs for young girls.
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| 9. |
- Poot, Thirza
(författare)
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Sustainable Surface Functionalization of Lightweight Materials : Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Replacing Chromium in Anodic Coatings and Carbon Nanomaterials for Lightning Strike Protection
- 2022
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aviation accounts for 2-3% of the carbon dioxide emitted globally. One way to reduce emissions is to develop and introduce sustainable, functional, lightweight materials and coatings that increase the lifetime and fuel efficiency of aircraft. The main lightweight materials used in the aerospace industry today are aluminum alloys and carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites. In the work presented in this licentiate thesis, a new sustainable alternative for the replacement of toxic hexavalent chromium in a low energy and chemical consumption sealing procedure of anodized aluminum alloys is suggested (paper I and II). An alternative to the conventional metal mesh used as lightning strike protection for composite structures used today is also presented. The proposed solution adds considerably less weight and has a possibility to reduce the CO2 emission from aviation (paper III). Aluminum alloys as well as composites both exhibit high strength-to-weight ratios but come with individual drawbacks. Fiber reinforced plastics exhibit limited electrical conductivity, which is why additional protection is needed to avoid severe damage following a lightning strike. Aluminum alloys have instead the disadvantage of being susceptible to corrosion and surface protection is required to prolong the materials lifetime and to avoid devastating failures. Anodization, formation of a porous aluminum oxide coating, is the most common choice of surface treatment. This is often followed by closure of the pores through a sealing procedure. Both processes have up until recently been performed in large, energy consuming tanks with highly toxic solutions containing hexavalent chromium which must be replaced to reduce the environmental impact. In paper I, the environmentally friendly tartaric sulfuric acid has been used as anodization electrolyte and cerium oxide nanoparticles have been investigated as a promising alternative for sealing. Cerium-based and hydrothermal sealing (immersion in hot water), individually and combined, were investigated. The morphological and chemical composition were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The investigation confirmed the growth of cerium oxide nanoparticles throughout the coating and closing of the pores by hydrothermal sealing. A corrosion immersion test revealed a superior corrosion resistance of surfaces treated with the two-step sealing process compared to plain anodized, cerium or hydrothermally sealed surfaces. In paper II, the potential use of an aerosol-based wet thin film coating technique called nFOG for cerium sealing as a low chemical and energy consumption alternative to traditional bath-type sealing was investigated. Characterizations of the morphology and composition reveal cerium oxide nanoparticles evenly distributed within the porous coating by the nFOG technique. The new application of the nFOG method was also shown to provide anti-corrosion properties comparable to bath-type sealing. This wet coating technique has the potential to replace chromium and reduce the environmental impact in the treatment process. Furthermore, the limited electrical conductivity of carbon fiber reinforced plastics can be circumvented by loading the polymer matrix of the composite structure (commonly epoxy) with highly conductive carbon nanomaterials. In paper III, graphene nanoplatelets and carbon nanotubes were loaded into the epoxy. Simulated lightning strike tests showed an improved damage tolerance for the loaded composites compared to composites prepared with plain epoxy. The results suggest that a combination of graphene nanoplatelets and carbon nanotubes increases the damage tolerance by carrying the resulting high electric current from a lightning strike. In conclusion, the application of cerium oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanomaterials moves the aerospace industry towards a sustainable fuel efficiency using functional, lightweight materials and coatings.
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| 10. |
- Runngren, Eva, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes and knowledge about HPV vaccination of school children and their parents following a targeted information
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Objective: This study aimed to investigate children’s’ and parents’attitudes and knowledge about HPV (human papilloma virus) following introductionof gender neutral HPV vaccination in the national immunization program (NIP) inSweden. An evaluation of a tailored information package for parents and childrenlaunched by the Public Health Agency (PHAS) alongside the introduction of genderneutral HPV vaccination was also performed.Method: In total, 276 parents and 206 children from 22 School Health Servicesresponded to a web-based survey, spring 2021 to January 2022.Result: Overall, parents (78%) perceived HPV vaccination to be of importance fortheir child’s health. About half of the participating children and two thirds of theparents had used the tailored information package for the HPV vaccination. The factsheet was mostly used by parents (55%) and children (20%) and also perceived as easyto understand (99% and 68% respectively). For both children and parents the schoolnurse (70% respectively) was the primary source for information. The teacher (59%)was also a common source of information of HPV vaccination for the children.Conclusion: The school health nurse is essential for informing about HPV vaccinationfor both children and parents. There is a need to strengthen the knowledge regardingHPV vaccination among teachers as they also are a key source of information for themajority of the children. Additional interventions are needed to support parents inmaking informed decisions for HPV vaccinations.POSTER 1Page 1
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| 11. |
- Runngren, Eva, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes and knowledge about HPV vaccination of school children and their parents following use of a targeted information
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Objective: This study aimed to investigate children’s’ and parents’ attitudes and knowledge about HPV (human papillomavirus) following introduction of gender-neutral HPV vaccination in the national immunization program (NIP) in Sweden. An evaluation of a tailored information package for parents and children launched by the Public Health Agency (PHAS) alongside the introduction of gender-neutral HPV vaccination was also performed Method: In total, 276 parents and 206 children from 22 School Health Services responded to a web-based survey, spring 2021 to January 2022. Result: Overall, parents (78%) perceived HPV vaccination to be of importance for their child’s health. About half of the participating children and two thirds of the parents had used the tailored information package for the HPV vaccination. The fact sheet was mostly used by parents (55%) and children (20%) and also perceived as easy to understand (99% and 68% respectively). For both children and parents, the school nurse (70% respectively) was the primary source for information. The teacher (59%) was also a common source of information of HPV vaccination for the children. Conclusion: The school nurse is essential for informing about HPV vaccination for both children and parents. There is a need to strengthen the knowledge regarding HPV vaccination among teachers as they also are a key source of information for the majority of the children. Additional interventions are needed to support parents in making informed decisions for HPV vaccinations.
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| 12. |
- Runngren, Eva, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Balancing Between Being Proactive and Neutral : School Nurses’ Experiences of Offering Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination to Girls
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of School Nursing. - : Sage Publications. - 1059-8405 .- 1546-8364. ; 38:3, s. 270-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of Swedish school nurses when they offered the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination to girls aged 10–12 years. Four focus groups with a total of 17 school nurses were conducted and analyzed using inductive content analysis. The results showed that the school nurses were balancing between keeping a neutral role and the need to increase the uptake of the HPV vaccination. They described the consent forms and information that they gave the girls and their parents to help them make an informed decision about the vaccination. There were also ethical and moral dilemmas that arose with regard to the HPV vaccinations. Our findings demonstrate the need to provide school nurses with clear guidelines and support, so they can play an active role in interacting with the girls and their parents when they offer the HPV vaccination.
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| 13. |
- Runngren, Eva, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Parents’ reasoning about HPV vaccination in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 36:4, s. 1113-1122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The aim of this study was to describe parents’ reasoning in making decisions about vaccinating their daughters against human papilloma virus (HPV), a part of the Swedish vaccination programme.Method: Twenty parents whose daughter had been offered HPV vaccination participated. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted and analysed using thematic analysis.Results: The findings reveal that the decision-making process is complex. The parents trusted the vaccination programme and saw it as beneficial to society. They also described using different resources to decide about HPV vaccination, but they did not include their daughters in making the decision.Discussion: Parents need better vaccine and health literacy to be able to decide, based on evidence and in consultation with their daughters, on HPV vaccination. School nurses can play an important role in evidence-based decision-making about HPV vaccination and introducing children to this health-promoting intervention.
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| 14. |
- Svedholm, Christoffer, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-study of Dynamic Amplification Factor for Existing Road Bridges
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish Road network has, since 2018, been divided into four bearing capacity classes (BKs)—BK1–BK4. The heaviest allowed gross vehicle weight increased when BK4 was introduced, from 64 tonnes (BK1) to 74 tonnes (BK4). The Swedish Transport Administration aims, by 2025, to classify 60 % of the strategic road network for the heavy transport industry as BK4, increasing to 70–80 % by 2029. However, to reach these goals, it is estimated that over 700 bridges will need to be strengthened or replaced. This study, using a site-specific investigation to calculate the assessment dynamic ratio (ADR), showed that some of these bridges could be upgraded to BK4. A review of the literature indicated that light vehicles tend to have high dynamic amplification factors (DAFs), but light vehicles do not have critical load effects and are therefore not relevant from a design perspective. Instead, heavy vehicles are critical for the design. Both experimental and analytical investigations have shown that heavy gross vehicle weights result in low DAF values. This report proposes effective ways to collect site-specific dynamic traffic load information and a methodology to produce site-specific dynamic allowances using both experimental measurements and numeric models. It also explains how this methodology can be adopted by transportation agencies to study bridges along transport corridors. Findings from the pre-study have resulted in the following research proposals: sitespecific field measurements to quantify DAFs, guidelines for numerical modelling of vehicle–bridge interactions (VBIs), DAF for each limit state, three–dimensional analysis of VBIs, the introduction of gross vehicle weight into DAF equations, and pilot tests of proposed frameworks for transport corridors. The authors believe that several topics can be covered within the framework of a PhD project.
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