| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Berger, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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WASP and SCAR have distinct roles in activating the Arp2/3 complex during myoblast fusion
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Cell Science. - : The Company of Biologists. - 0021-9533 .- 1477-9137. ; 121:Pt 8, s. 1303-1313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Myoblast fusion takes place in two steps in mammals and in Drosophila. First, founder cells (FCs) and fusion-competent myoblasts (FCMs) fuse to form a trinucleated precursor, which then recruits further FCMs. This process depends on the formation of the fusion-restricted myogenic-adhesive structure (FuRMAS), which contains filamentous actin (F-actin) plugs at the sites of cell contact. Fusion relies on the HEM2 (NAP1) homolog Kette, as well as Blow and WASP, a member of the Wiskott-Aldrich-syndrome protein family. Here, we show the identification and characterization of schwächling--a new Arp3-null allele. Ultrastructural analyses demonstrate that Arp3 schwächling mutants can form a fusion pore, but fail to integrate the fusing FCM. Double-mutant experiments revealed that fusion is blocked completely in Arp3 and wasp double mutants, suggesting the involvement of a further F-actin regulator. Indeed, double-mutant analyses with scar/WAVE and with the WASP-interacting partner vrp1 (sltr, wip)/WIP show that the F-actin regulator scar also controls F-actin formation during myoblast fusion. Furthermore, the synergistic phenotype observed in Arp3 wasp and in scar vrp1 double mutants suggests that WASP and SCAR have distinct roles in controlling F-actin formation. From these findings we derived a new model for actin regulation during myoblast fusion.
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| 3. |
- Tillfors, Maria, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Treating university students with social phobia and public speaking fears : Internet delivered self-help with or without live group exposure sessions
- 2008
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Ingår i: Depression and anxiety (Print). - : Hindawi Limited. - 1091-4269 .- 1520-6394. ; 25:8, s. 708-717
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This study investigated the efficacy of an Internet-based self-help program with minimal therapist contact via e-mail for Swedish university students with social phobia and public speaking fears. The main objective was to test if the Internet-based self-help program would be more effective if five live group exposure sessions were added. METHODS: Thirty-eight students meeting the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition criteria for social phobia were randomized into two different treatment groups: Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy combined with five group exposure sessions (ICBT+ exp) or the Internet program alone (ICBT). RESULTS: Results were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. Both treatment groups showed significant improvement from pre- to post-test, and from pre-test to 1-year follow-up, on all measured dimensions (social anxiety, general anxiety, depression levels, and quality of life). For both the groups, the average within-group effect sizes for the primary social anxiety scales, expressed as Cohen's d, were comparable to those seen in traditionally administered cognitive behavioral therapy both at post-test and at 1- year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the Internet-based self-help program on its own is efficient in the treatment of university students with social phobia. Adding group exposure sessions did not improve the outcome significantly.
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| 4. |
- Andersen, Niels S., et al.
(författare)
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Pre-Emptive Treatment With Rituximab of Molecular Relapse After Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Mantle Cell Lymphoma
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 27:26, s. 4365-4370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Minimal residual disease (MRD) is predictive of clinical progression in mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL). According to the Nordic MCL-2 protocol we prospectively analyzed the efficacy of pre-emptive treatment using rituximab to MCL patients in molecular relapse after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Patients and Materials MCL patients enrolled onto the study, who had polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detectable molecular markers and underwent ASCT, were followed with serial PCR assessments of MRD in consecutive bone marrow and peripheral blood samples after ASCT. In case of molecular relapse with increasing MRD levels, patients were offered pre-emptive treatment with rituximab 375 mg/m(2) weekly for 4 weeks. Results Of 160 MCL patients enrolled, 145 underwent ASCT, of whom 78 had a molecular marker. Of these, 74 were in complete remission (CR) and four had progressive disease after ASCT. Of the CR patients, 36 underwent a molecular relapse up to 6 years (mean, 18.5 months) after ASCT. Ten patients did not receive pre-emptive treatment mainly due to a simultaneous molecular and clinical relapse, while 26 patients underwent pre-emptive treatment leading to reinduction of molecular remission in 92%. Median molecular and clinical relapse-free survival after pre-emptive treatment were 1.5 and 3.7 years, respectively. Of the 38 patients who remain in molecular remission for now for a median of 3.3 years (range, 0.4 to 6.6 years), 33 are still in clinical CR. Conclusion Molecular relapse may occur many years after ASCT in MCL, and PCR based pre-emptive treatment using rituximab is feasible, reinduce molecular remission, and may prevent clinical relapse.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bah Rösman, Jessica, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms: Effect on serotonin transporter availability in the brain of suicide attempters
- 2008
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4927 .- 0165-1781. ; 162:3, s. 221-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The efficacy of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in depression and anxiety disorders suggests the gene coding for the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), SLC6A4, as a candidate of importance for these conditions. Positive findings regarding associations between polymorphisms in SLC6A4 have been reported, indicating that these polymorphisms may influence anxiety-related personality traits, as well as the risk of developing depression and suicidality. Serotonin 5-HTT availability was assessed with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), using I-123-beta-CIT as ligand, in a population of unmedicated male suicide attempters (n=9) and in matched controls (n=9). Two polymorphisms in SLC6A4 were assessed, including the 5-HTTLPR located in the promoter region and a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism in intron 2 (STin2). In suicide attempters, but not in controls, low 5-HTT availability was associated with the S allele of 5-HTTLPR and with the 12 repeat allele of STin2. Data suggest that polymorphisms in SLC6A4 may influence the expression of the brain serotonin transporter in suicide attempters.
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| 7. |
- Borg,, et al.
(författare)
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Serotonin transporter genotype is associated with cognitive performance but not regional 5-HT1A receptor binding in humans.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology / official scientific journal of the Collegium Internationale Neuropsychopharmacologicum (CINP). - 1461-1457. ; 12:6, s. 783-792
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene is one of the most extensively studied in psychiatry. A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the 5-HTT gene (5-HTTLPR) has been associated with several psychiatric disorders as well as anxiety-related personality traits. In search of a mechanistic understanding of the functional implications of 5-HTTLPR, the influence of this polymorphism on regional 5-HT1A receptor density has previously been examined in two positron emission tomography (PET) studies in humans, yielding, however, contradictory results. In the present study, 54 control subjects were examined with [11C]WAY 100635 PET and a battery of cognitive tests. Regional binding potential (BP) of [11C]WAY 100635 to 5-HT1A receptor was calculated for the dorsal raphe nuclei, the hippocampus, the anterior cingulate, the insula, the temporal cortex and the frontal cortex. The influence of 5-HTTLPR genotype on regional 5-HT1A BP and cognitive performance was investigated. No differences in 5-HT1A receptor density between carriers and non-carriers of the S allele were found. Thus, we could not replicate any of the previously reported associations between 5-HTTLPR and 5-HT1A density. There was, however, a highly significant association between 5-HTTLPR genotype and performance in Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; carriers of the S allele had a superior performance compared to the LL carriers. These observations suggest that functional implications of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism are not likely to be mediated by differences in 5-HT1A expression levels and that other biomarkers must be considered for future investigations at phenotype level.
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| 8. |
- Bultmark, Fredrik, 1973-
(författare)
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Distorted Space and Multipoles in Electronic Structure Calculations
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis concerns methods for electronic structure calculations and some applications of the methods. The augmented planewave (APW) basis set and it’s relatives LAPW (linearised APW) and APW+lo (local orbitals) have been widely used for electronic structure calculations. Here a modification of the APW basis set based on a transformation of the basis functions from a curvilinear coordinate system. Applications to a few test systems show that the modified basis set may speed up electronic structure calculations of sparse systems. The local density approximation (LDA) is used in density functional theory. Although it is the simplest possible approximation possible for the unknown exchange-correlation energy functional, it has proven to give quite accurate results for a wide range of systems. LDA fails in systems where the non-local effects are important. By including non-local effects by adding an orbital dependent term to the energy functional, through for example the LDA+U method, the calculated properties of many materials are closer to experimental observations. In the thesis the most general formulation of the LDA+U method is presented and a new way of interpreting the results of a calculations by formulating the orbital dependent part of the energy functional in terms of multipole momentum tensors. Applications to some early actinide systems leads to a reformulations of Hund’s rules for polarisations associated with the spin and orbital magnetic moment and a suggestion for similar rules, Katt’s rules, valid in the strong spin orbit coupling regime.
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| 9. |
- Dziekan, Thomas, 1975-
(författare)
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Electronic Transport in Strained Materials
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis the conductivity of strained materials has been investigated using density functional theory and a semiclassical transport theory based on the Boltzmann equation.In transition metals trends are reproduced without adjustable parameters. The introduction of one temperature dependent cross section allowed the reproduction of resistivity trends between 10 and 1000K.The effect of strain on transition metals in bcc and fcc structure was studied deforming the unit cell along the tetragonal deformation path. The anisotropy of the conductivity varied on wide range of the c/a-ratio. The orbitals at the Fermi level determined the principal behavior. Pairs of elements with permutated number of electrons and holes in the 4d band showed similar behavior. The concept of the tetragonal deformation was also applied on semiconductors.The deformation of Vanadium in X/V superlattices (X=Cr,~Fe,~Mo) due to Hydrogen loading depends on the properties of X. It was found that counteracting effects due to the presence of Hydrogen influence the conductivity.It is shown that a small magnetic moment of the V host reduces the hydrogen solubility. Depending on the magnitude of the tetragonal distortion of V, the hydrogen dissolution becomes favored for larger moments.Finally, extra charge filling of the bandstructure of Cr and Mo decreases the Fermi velocity and increases the density of states at the Fermi energy.
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| 10. |
- Eriksson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Hinder eller möjligheter? – En studie av socialsekreterares och skolpersonals erfarenheter av samverkan
- 2007
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Obstacles or opportunities? – A study of the experience of collaboration of social welfare secretaries and school staff.The purpose of this study is to illustrate the importance of the work with children and youth through the joint efforts between different authorities. The study deals with the collaboration between the social services and schools in the Ludvika municipality. The objective of the study is to investigate how teaching personnel and headmasters in compulsory schools and the social welfare secretaries in Ludvika, experience the collaboration, and how this works. On the basis of the objective, we have formulated some relevant questions; To what degree are schools aware of the model of collaboration, which is the basis for collaboration within the municipality, and are there any differences in awareness between different categories of employees? Other questions deal with differences in how the social services and schools experience the collaboration, discrepancies between different schools in this regard and if the respondents’ experience any obstacles and/or opportunities by the collaboration.Collaboration is, and has been, a pressing issue for a long time in the public debate. Within the social services, collaboration with other functions has become a natural part of the daily work since the social services are obliged to collaborate and to take initiative for collaboration. In Ludvika, a model for collaboration, called Ludvikamodellen, has been worked out for the social services and schools. The aim with this model is to better economize the resources in the part of the administration where both school and social services are included. Even though the collaboration is both an obligation and a necessity, there are conditions that facilitate the collaboration. This has been shown in previous research. Certain obstacles and opportunities have also been identified, by experience, in previous collaborations. Information has been collected through questionnaires to school staff and social welfare secretaries in Ludvika. The result shows, among other things, the respondents’ view of the need for collaboration, the experience of how the collaboration works and if there are obstacles and opportunities with the collaboration.One conclusion from the study is that documentation about the collaboration model is inadequate since there are no official document of collaboration between the social services and schools. Such a document should, according to previous research, be established and used as a basis for collaboration. There are also differences between different positions within the schools in how well Ludvikamodellen is known. There are also discrepancies in the experience of how the collaboration works, both between the social services and schools and between different schools. There is a pronounced need for collaboration at both the social services and at the schools, but collaboration is also believed to be associated with obstacles and opportunities.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Eriksson, Susanne, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Fatty acid pattern in serum is associated with bone mineralisation in healthy 8-year-old children.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The British journal of nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; 102:3, s. 407-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animal studies have shown that fatty acids (FA) are important for normal bone development. Human data are scanty and mostly related to diseases. We hypothesised that serum FA pattern might be related to bone mineralisation in healthy children. Serum phospholipid FA pattern was studied in relation to bone parameters in eighty-five healthy Caucasian 8-year-olds. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and blood sampling for analysis of serum phospholipid FA by capillary GLC were performed on the same day. SFA concentrations were associated with bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip, lumbar spine and total body. There was a general trend that linoleic acid (LA; 18 : 2n-6) was negatively associated with BMD, since that was found both for the LA concentration, the total n-6 concentration and the ratio of n-6:n-3 FA. Arachidonic acid (AA; 20 : 4n-6) was positively correlated with bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD of total body, as was the corresponding z-score and the AA:LA ratio. Both saturated and polyunsaturated serum phospholipid FA were associated with BMC and BMD in healthy children. LA and AA were found to inversely influence bone mineralisation and the association with the n-6:n-3 ratio suggested that this balance might also be of importance. The general trend of a negative influence of high n-6 FA concentrations on bone mineralisation might be of concern in relation to the changes in the Western diet. Longitudinal studies are necessary to verify if different bone compartments and different grades of modelling are related to different FA patterns.
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| 14. |
- Eriksson, Susanne P., 1964
(författare)
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Differences in the condition of Norway lobsters (Nephrops norvegicus (L.)) from trawled and creeled fishing areas
- 2006
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Ingår i: Marine Biology Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1745-1000 .- 1745-1019. ; 2:1, s. 52-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The condition of trawled and creeled Norway lobsters, Nephrops norvegicus, was compared in individuals caught along the Swedish west coast. Female and male N. norvegicus were collected from trawled and creeled areas in the spring and autumn. Their nutritional state was determined by analysing individuals for haemocyanin concentration, the dry weight/wet weight relationship in muscle and hepatopancreas and the percentage dry weight of muscle and hepatopancreas of total animal dry weight. All parameters were measured on an individual basis and checked for size dependence. Creeled individuals were generally found to be in better condition than individuals from trawled areas, and animal condition increased from spring to autumn. Autumn males from creeled sites were overall in the best condition, having the highest mean haemocyanin concentration, muscle and hepatopancreas dry weight/wet weight relationship and percentage dry weight of muscle tissue. Claw symmetry ( paired cutters) was suggested as an indicator of limb loss, with the highest occurrence found in females from trawled sites. Crusher absence had no effect on the animal's individual percentage dry weight of muscle, although the mean was lower in trawled females than in other groups. Resource limitation and physical stress are discussed as possible underlying factors affecting the observed differences.
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| 15. |
- Eriksson, Susanne P., 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Episodic disturbance events modify predator-prey interactions in soft sediments
- 2005
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Ingår i: Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-7714. ; 64:2-3, s. 289-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical disturbance events are common in shallow soft-sediment habitats and can have significant effects on predator-prey interactions. While several studies have reported on predator aggregations following disturbance events, few studies have investigated the mechanisms and interactive effects of predation and physical disturbance on prey survival in shallow soft-sediment habitats. In this study the interactive effects of sediment resuspension and predation by two contrasting epibenthic predator species were tested on the survival of the amphipod Corophium volutator in a laboratory experiment. The shrimp Crangon crangon and juvenile plaice Pleuronectes platessa were used as predators, both numerical dominants in shallow soft sediments on the Swedish west coast. In addition we quantified epibenthic predator aggregation in the field following small-scale disturbances. In the laboratory, synergistic negative effects of predation and non-lethal disturbance on Corophium survival were found with both predator species, and rapid aggregation of several mobile epibenthic predator species following disturbance was demonstrated in the field. Abundances of C. crangon, the numerically dominant predator in the field, were doubled in disturbed patches within 2 min following disturbance. Our study emphasises the importance of considering episodic small-scale disturbances when interpreting predation effects and trophic interactions in shallow soft-sediment systems. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 16. |
- Eriksson, Susanne P., 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Is brood care in Nephrops norvegicus during hypoxia adaptive or a waste of energy?
- 2006
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Ingår i: Functional Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0269-8463 .- 1365-2435. ; 20:6, s. 1097-1104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. We examined if the lobster Nephrops norvegicus exhibits active brood care and if oxygen shortage modifies such behaviour. Furthermore, adult caring behaviour was related to embryonic tolerance and cardiac response of developing embryos. 2. Brood care behaviour was measured as irrigation (pleopod activity) in ovigerous and non-ovigerous females when exposed to normoxia and acute hypoxia. Survival and heart rate was analysed in embryos when exposed to acute and chronic progressive hypoxia. 3. Females carrying eggs in late developmental stages exhibited brood irrigation in normoxic conditions (> 90% oxygen saturation) and the behaviour was also initiated in females with early eggs when exposed to hypoxia (30%) oxygen saturation). 4. Both early and late embryos survived acute exposure to 5-95% oxygen saturation Early embryos also survived chronic progressive exposure down to 5% oxygen saturation, while late embryos displayed premature hatching (< 16% oxygen saturation) and decreased survival rate (< 7% oxygen saturation). Late embryos exhibited a linear bradycardia, when exposed to < 30% oxygen saturation Heartbeat pausing (intermittence) was frequent at high oxygen concentrations, whereas double heartbeats mainly occurred at < 20% oxygen saturation.
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| 17. |
- Eriksson, Susanne, 1965
(författare)
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Studies on nutrition, body composition and bone mineralization in healthy 8-yr-olds in an urban Swedish community
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The incidence of welfare diseases including overweight in childhood is increasing worldwide. The results from a study of healthy pre-school children showed that in a population with well educated parents 17% of the children were overweight or obese at the age of 4 years. Gender differences in metabolic profiles and correlations between food intake and anthropometry motivated a follow-up study at the age of 8 years. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate nutritional intake, bone mineralization and metabolic markers in a group of healthy 8-year-olds and relate these parameters to body composition, growth, socio-economic variables, physical activity and health. Subjects & Methods: Ninety-two, previously examined children, accepted participation and an additional 28 children were included. A 24-hour dietary recall was performed. Questionnaires on food choice, health, physical activity and socioeconomic variables were used. Anthropometry was measured and bone mineralization and body composition were assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Blood samples were obtained for analysis of metabolic markers. Results: The population was representative of that in Sweden except that more parents held a university degree. Seventeen % of the children were overweight. Glucose, HOMA-index and leptin differed by gender despite no difference in anthropometry. Leptin was the best marker for overweight. Serum concentration of vitamin D was low (<75 nmol/L) in 62% of the children. Food choice was similar to that at 4 years of age suggesting that food habits were established at an early age. Children who consumed fat fish once a week or more had higher concentrations of n-3 serum phospholipid fatty acids and a lower n-6/n-3 ratio. Intake of saturated fat was negatively associated to anthropometry and children who consumed full fat milk regularly had a lower BMI compared to those who seldom or never drank milk. With the exception for the intake of milk and soft drinks no socioeconomic influences were seen on the children’s nutritional intake. Bone mass differed by gender and weight and larger bones were found in boys and overweight children. Physical activity was associated with the bone mass in the hip of both boys and girls. Serum phospholipid fatty acid pattern was associated with bone mineralization. Conclusions: BMI correlated strongly to fat mass and leptin was the best marker of overweight and fat mass in 8-year-olds. Food choice was similar to that at 4 years of age. An intake of fat fish once a week was associated with higher serum concentrations of n-3 fatty acids. Saturated fat and intake of full fat milk were inversely associated with BMI. Serum phospholipid fatty acids were associated with bone mineralisation. The results for metabolic markers may provide preliminary reference intervals in healthy children.
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| 18. |
- Eriksson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Supervisor experiences of supervising nursing staff in the care of older people
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Management. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0966-0429 .- 1365-2834. ; 16:7, s. 876-882
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To describe supervisors’ experiences of supervising nursing staff who care for older people in order to develop an understanding of the opportunities and limitations involved in supervision. Background Little is known of what group supervision of nursing staff means for the supervisor, particularly in regards to care of the old. Methods A reflective life-world research approach, based upon phenomenological epistemonology was used. Two supervisors with 2 years experience of supervising nursing staff caring for older people were interviewed. Conclusions Results point to the need for support for supervisors in order to enable them to develop their supervisory abilities and skills. Implications for nursing management Support is of crucial importance for both the ability to supervise and the quality of supervision.
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| 19. |
- Eriksson, Susanne, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Volumetric bone mineral density is an important tool when interpreting bone mineralization in healthy children.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 98:2, s. 374-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In adults, it is well known that gender influences bone mass, but studies in children have shown contradictory results. Also, conflicting results have been reported regarding bone mineral density in obese children. OBJECTIVE: To investigate bone parameters in healthy 8-year-old children and relate them to anthropometry and self-reported physical activity (PA). DESIGN: Bone measurements were performed with dual X-ray absorptiometry in 96 children, and questionnaires were used to assess self-reported PA. RESULTS: Bone mineral content and density differed by gender. Eighteen percent of the children were overweight/obese and they had higher bone mineral content and density than children with normal weight. Bone mineral apparent density (g/cm(3)) of the lumbar spine did not differ, since the vertebral size differed, as was also the case between genders. Self-reported weight-bearing PA influenced bone mass in the hip. CONCLUSION: PA influenced bone mineralization at this age. The differences in bone mineral content and density in healthy children would mainly be explained by the differences in bone size, reflected in body height and the width of the vertebrae. This indicates the importance of determining volumetric bone mineralization in children.
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| 20. |
- Eriksson-Öhman, AnnaKarin, et al.
(författare)
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The meaning of rythm in rehabilitation processes. The 5th congress on qualitative methods in qualitative research, Stavanger 18-20 maj 2008
- 2008
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Ingår i: 2008.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The phenomenon of rhythm connects to cyclical courses of events, of crucial importance to human life. Illness can be understood as a disruption of rhythms in our being-in-the-world connected to time and to the way we are incarnated. Aim The purpose of this study was to deepen the understanding of the phenomenon of rhythm in the processes of rehabilitation, in the perspective of physiotherapists and dance and movements therapists. Method Within a hermeneutic phenomenological approach semi-structured interviews were performed with nine strategically chosen physiotherapists and dance and movement therapists. Heidegger´s Dasein analytical perspective and Gadamer´s understanding of health and illness have been drawn on in the interpretation. Results The phenomenon of rhythm in the perspective of the participants can be understood as following: The human being-in-the-world can ontologically be interpreted as rhythmic. Rhythm is something that creates structure, enables security despite chaos, and has a sheltering function. It can be understood as something that facilitates health and recovery and has a central part in maintaining health. Rhythm is a condition for good recuperation. Rhythm enables getting in touch with oneself, opens up for reflection about ones own relationship towards time and works as a foundation making new experiences possible. It expands the ability to express oneself. Rhythm promotes interplay and fellowship, may act as something to unite around enabling dialogue and mutual understanding, and can be the prerequisite for participation on own terms. But rhythm can also be experienced as threatening, not wanted to be shared, taking overhand and be manipulative.
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| 21. |
- Furmark, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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A link between serotonin-related gene polymorphisms, amygdala activity, and placebo-induced relief from social anxiety
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroscience. - 0270-6474 .- 1529-2401. ; 28:49, s. 13066-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Placebo may yield beneficial effects that are indistinguishable from those of active medication, but the factors underlying proneness to respond to placebo are widely unknown. Here, we used functional neuroimaging to examine neural correlates of anxiety reduction resulting from sustained placebo treatment under randomized double-blind conditions, in patients with social anxiety disorder. Brain activity was assessed during a stressful public speaking task by means of positron emission tomography before and after an 8 week treatment period. Patients were genotyped with respect to the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and the G-703T polymorphism in the tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) gene promoter. Results showed that placebo response was accompanied by reduced stress-related activity in the amygdala, a brain region crucial for emotional processing. However, attenuated amygdala activity was demonstrable only in subjects who were homozygous for the long allele of the 5-HTTLPR or the G variant of the TPH2 G-703T polymorphism, and not in carriers of short or T alleles. Moreover, the TPH2 polymorphism was a significant predictor of clinical placebo response, homozygosity for the G allele being associated with greater improvement in anxiety symptoms. Path analysis supported that the genetic effect on symptomatic improvement with placebo is mediated by its effect on amygdala activity. Hence, our study shows, for the first time, evidence of a link between genetically controlled serotonergic modulation of amygdala activity and placebo-induced anxiety relief.
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| 22. |
- Furmark, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Genotype over-diagnosis in amygdala responsiveness: affective processing in social anxiety disorder.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN. - : Canadian Medical Association. - 1488-2434 .- 1180-4882. ; 34:1, s. 30-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although the amygdala is thought to be a crucial brain region for negative affect, neuroimaging studies do not always show enhanced amygdala response to aversive stimuli in patients with anxiety disorders. Serotonin (5-HT)-related genotypes may contribute to interindividual variability in amygdala responsiveness. The short (s) allele of the 5-HT transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and the T variant of the G-703T polymorphism in the tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) gene have previously been associated with amygdala hyperresponsivity to negative faces in healthy controls. We investigated the influence of these polymorphisms on amygdala responsiveness to angry faces in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) compared with healthy controls. METHODS: We used positron emission tomography with oxygen 15-labelled water to assess regional cerebral blood flow in 34 patients with SAD and 18 controls who viewed photographs of angry and neutral faces presented in counterbalanced order. We genotyped all participants with respect to the 5-HTTLPR and TPH2 polymorphisms. RESULTS: Patients with SAD and controls had increased left amygdala activation in response to angry compared with neutral faces. Genotype but not diagnosis explained a significant portion of the variance in amygdala responsiveness, the response being more pronounced in carriers of s and/or T alleles. LIMITATIONS: Our analyses were limited owing to the small sample and the fact that we were unable to match participants on genotype before enrollment. In addition, other imaging techniques not used in our study may have revealed additional effects of emotional stimuli. CONCLUSION: Amygdala responsiveness to angry faces was more strongly related to serotonergic polymorphisms than to diagnosis of SAD. Emotion activation studies comparing amygdala excitability in patient and control groups could benefit from taking variation in 5-HT-related genes into account.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Henningsson, Susanne, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Variation in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Is Associated with Serotonin Transporter but Not Serotonin-1A Receptor Availability in Men
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 66:5, s. 477-485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The serotonergic system, including the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), which is the target of many antidepressants, seems to be influenced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Methods: Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to address, in 25 and 53 healthy volunteers, respectively, the possible association between six polymorphisms in the gene encoding BDNF and the availability of two proteins expressed by serotonergic neurons: the 5-HTT, measured with the radioligand [C-11]MADAM, and the serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor, measured with [C-11]WAY-100635. Results: Several single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with [C-11]MADAM binding potential (BP) in most brain regions, male carriers of the valine/valine genotype of the Val66Met polymorphism displaying higher availability. Effect sizes ranged from a 50% to a threefold increase. In contrast, there was no association for [C-11]WAY-100635 BP. The observation that BDNF polymorphisms were associated with 5-HTT availability could be partly replicated in an independent population comprising nine male suicide attempters and nine matched control subjects, in which transporter availability had been measured with single photon emission computed tomography with I-123-beta-CIT as ligand. Conclusions: Our results suggest that genetic variation in BDNF influences 5-HTT but not 5-HT1A receptor density in the human brain.
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| 26. |
- Henningsson, Susanne, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Interleukin-6 gene polymorphism -174G/C influences plasma lipid levels in women.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). - 1930-7381. ; 14:11, s. 1868-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been associated with cardiovascular risk factors. The objective of this study was to investigate potential associations between the promoter polymorphism IL-6 -174G/C and the following indices of metabolism: BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and plasma levels of IL-6, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, leptin, and C-reactive protein in 252 42-year-old women and 245 51-year-old men. Subgroups were also studied 5 years later. The CC genotype of the IL-6 polymorphism was associated with lower levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (p < 0.001) in women. This finding was replicated in the follow-up, when a significant association between the CC genotype and low triglycerides was also observed. The association between the C allele and lipid pattern found in women was not found in men, where on the contrary, C carriers tended to display elevated triglycerides. IL-6 genotype was not associated with IL-6 plasma levels in either sample. The results suggest different effects of the IL-6 polymorphism on metabolic indices in women and men. None of the associations between IL-6 genotype and lipid pattern seemed to result from an effect of the polymorphism on IL-6 plasma levels.
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| 27. |
- Henningsson, Susanne, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Possible association between the androgen receptor gene and autism spectrum disorder.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 34:5, s. 752-761
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism is a highly heritable disorder but the specific genes involved remain largely unknown. The higher prevalence of autism in men than in women, in conjunction with a number of other observations, has led to the suggestion that prenatal brain exposure to androgens may be of importance for the development of this condition. Prompted by this hypothesis, we investigated the potential influence of variation in the androgen receptor (AR) gene on the susceptibility for autism. To this end, 267 subjects with autism spectrum disorder and 617 controls were genotyped for three polymorphisms in exon 1 of the AR gene: the CAG repeat, the GGN repeat and the rs6152 SNP. In addition, parents and affected siblings were genotyped for 118 and 32 of the cases, respectively. Case-control comparisons revealed higher prevalence of short CAG alleles as well as of the A allele of the rs6152 SNP in female cases than in controls, but revealed no significant differences with respect to the GGN repeat. Analysis of the 118 families using transmission disequilibrium test, on the other hand, suggested an association with the GGN polymorphism, the rare 20-repeat allele being undertransmitted to male cases and the 23-repeat allele being overtransmitted to female cases. Sequencing of the AR gene in 46 patients revealed no mutations or rare variants. The results lend some support for an influence of the studied polymorphisms on the susceptibility for autism, but argue against the possibility that mutations in the AR gene are common in subjects with this condition.
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| 28. |
- Henningsson, Susanne, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Sex steroid-related genes and male-to-female transsexualism
- 2005
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - Oxford : Pergamon Press. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 59:5, s. 412-412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transsexualism is characterised by Lifelong discomfort with the assigned sex and a strong identification with the opposite sex. The cause of transsexualism is unknown, but it has been suggested that an aberration in the early sexual differentiation of various brain structures may be involved. Animal experiments have revealed that the sexual differentiation of the brain is mainly due to an influence of testosterone, acting both via androgen receptors (ARs) and-after aromatase-catalyzed conversion to estradiol-via estrogen receptors (ERs). The present study examined the possible importance of three polymorphisms and their pairwise interactions for the development of male-to-female transsexualism: a CAG repeat sequence in the first exon of the AR gene, a tetra nucleotide repeat polymorphism in intron 4 of the aromatase gene, and a CA repeat polymorphism in intron 5 of the ER beta gene. Subjects were 29 Caucasian male-to-female transsexuals and 229 healthy mate controls. Transsexuals differed from controls with respect to the mean Length of the ER repeat polymorphism, but not with respect to the length of the other two studied polymorphisms. However, binary logistic regression analysis revealed significant partial effects for all three polymorphisms, as well as for the interaction between the AR and aromatase gene polymorphisms, on the risk of developing transsexualism. Given the small number of transsexuals in the study, the results should be interpreted with the utmost caution. Further study of the putative role of these and other sex steroid-related genes for the development of transsexualism may, however, be worthwhile.
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| 29. |
- Höglund, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing the equilibrium solubility of dopants in semiconductor multilayers and alloys
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 100:10, s. 105501-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have theoretically studied the possibility to control the equilibrium solubility of dopants in semiconductor alloys, by strategic tuning of the alloy concentration. From the modeled cases of C-0 in SixGe1-x, Zn- and Cd- in GaxIn1-xP it is seen that under certain conditions the dopant solubility can be orders of magnitude higher in an alloy or multilayer than in either of the elements of the alloy. This is found to be due to the solubility's strong dependence on the lattice constant for size mismatched dopants. The equilibrium doping concentration in alloys or multilayers could therefore be increased significantly. More specifically, Zn- in a GaxIn1-xP multilayer is found to have a maximum solubility for x=0.9, which is 5 orders of magnitude larger than that of pure InP.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Mattsson, Lars, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Intense mass loss from C-rich AGB stars at low metallicity?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 484:1, s. L5-L8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We argue that the energy injection of pulsations may be of greater importance to the mass-loss rate of AGB stars than metallicity, and that the mass-loss trend with metallicity is not as simple as sometimes assumed. Using our detailed radiation hydrodynamical models that include dust formation, we illustrate the effects of pulsation energy on wind properties. We find that the mass-loss rate scales with the kinetic energy input by pulsations as long as a dust-saturated wind does not occur, and all other stellar parameters are kept constant. This includes the absolute abundance of condensible carbon (not bound in CO), which is more relevant than keeping the C/O-ratio constant when comparing stars of different metallicity. The pressure and temperature gradients in the atmospheres of stars, become steeper and flatter, respectively, when the metallicity is reduced, while the radius where the atmosphere becomes opaque is typically associated with a higher gas pressure. This effect can be compensated for by adjusting the velocity amplitude of the variable inner boundary (piston), which is used to simulate the effects of pulsation, to obtain models with comparable kinetic-energy input. Hence, it is more relevant to compare models with similar energy-injections than of similar velocity amplitude. Since there is no evidence for weaker pulsations in low-metallicity AGB stars, we conclude that it is unlikely that low-metallicity C-stars have lower mass-loss rates, than their more metal-rich counterparts with similar stellar parameters, as long as they have a comparable amount of condensible carbon.
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| 34. |
- Möllsten, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of polymorphisms in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system on diabetic nephropathy risk
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of diabetes and its complications. - : Elsevier BV. - 1056-8727 .- 1873-460X. ; 22:6, s. 377-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES:The risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN) can be increased by elevated intraglomerular pressure and glomerular filtration rate, leading to glomerular damage. This can be controlled by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system, which has an important function regulating both systemic and intrarenal blood pressure. Smoking increases the risk of DN, but not all diabetic patients who smoke develop DN. There is a possibility that smoking has different effects depending on the different genotypes of the individual. We investigated the association of DN with seven polymorphisms in the RAA system and their possible interaction with smoking.SUBJECTS AND METHODS:In the present case-control study, type 1 diabetic patients with diabetes duration > or =20 years, without albuminuria and without antihypertensive treatment (n=197), were included as controls. An albumin excretion rate (AER) of 20-200 microg/min (n=73) was considered as incipient DN, and an AER >200 microg/min was considered as overt DN (n=48). Smoking habits were obtained from questionnaires.RESULTS:Homozygosity for the A allele, of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) A1166C polymorphism, was associated with increased risk of overt DN (OR=3.04; 99% CI=1.02-9.06), independently of the other associated variables: age, duration of diabetes, ever smoking, HbA1c, and sex. The effect of the AA genotype was enhanced to a four times risk increase among ever-smoking patients. Two alleles of the microsatellite marker adjacent to the angiotensinogen gene were less common among nephropathy cases than among controls, but this was not significant when controlling for the same variables as above.CONCLUSIONS:The risk of having overt DN was increased in patients homozygous for the A1166 allele, and smoking seemed to enhance the effect of the AGTR1 genotype.
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| 35. |
- Risgaard-Petersen, N., et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for complete denitrification in a benthic foraminifer
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 443:7107, s. 93-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Benthic foraminifera are unicellular eukaryotes found abundantly in many types of marine sediments. Many species survive and possibly reproduce in anoxic habitats(1), but sustainable anaerobic metabolism has not been previously described. Here we demonstrate that the foraminifer Globobulimina pseudospinescens accumulates intracellular nitrate stores and that these can be respired to dinitrogen gas. The amounts of nitrate detected are estimated to be sufficient to support respiration for over a month. In a Swedish fjord sediment where G. pseudospinescens is the dominant foraminifer, the intracellular nitrate pool in this species accounted for 20% of the large, cell-bound, nitrate pool present in an oxygen-free zone. Similarly high nitrate concentrations were also detected in foraminifera Nonionella cf. stella and a Stainforthia species, the two dominant benthic taxa occurring within the oxygen minimum zone of the continental shelf off Chile. Given the high abundance of foraminifera in anoxic marine environments(1-3), these new findings suggest that foraminifera may play an important role in global nitrogen cycling and indicate that our understanding of the complexity of the marine nitrogen cycle is far from complete.
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| 36. |
- Rollman, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of immunogenicity and efficacy of combined DNA and adjuvanted protein vaccination in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1/murine leukemia virus pseudotype challenge model
- 2007
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 25:11, s. 2145-2154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A DNA plasmid encoding human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) env, nef and tat genes was used in mice in a prime-boost immunization regimen with the corresponding recombinant proteins. The genetic immunogen was delivered with a gene gun and the proteins were injected intramuscularly together with the adjuvant AS02A. Immunizations were followed by experimental challenge with pseudotyped HIV-1 subtype A or B virus. In an initial experiment in which animals were challenged four weeks after the final immunization, all single modality and prime-boost vaccinations resulted in a significant level of protection as compared to control animals. There was a trend for DNA-alone immunization yielding the highest protection. In a subsequent study, a late challenge was performed 19 weeks after the final immunization. All groups having received the DNA vaccine, either alone or in combination with adjuvanted protein, exhibited strong protection against HIV replication. The subtype-specific protection against the experimental HIV challenge was significantly stronger than the cross-protection. Cellular and humoral immune responses were assessed during immunization and after challenge, but without clear correlation to protection against HIV replication. The data suggest that either DNA or protein antigens alone provide partial protection against an HIV-1/MuLV challenge and that DNA immunization is essential for achieving very high levels of efficacy in this murine HIV-1 challenge model. While prime-boost combinations were more immunogenic than DNA alone, they did not appear to provide any further enhancement over DNA vaccine mediated efficacy. The DNA immunogen might prime low levels of CD8+ T cells responsible for virus clearance or possibly a yet unidentified mechanism of protection. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 37. |
- Rosberg, Susanne, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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The meaning of rythm in processes of rehabilitation.
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being 2008. ; 3:Supplement 2, s. 10-34
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The meaning of rhythm in processes of rehabilitation Background. The phenomenon of rhythm connects to cyclical courses of events, of crucial importance to human life. Illness can be understood as a disruption of rhythms in our being-in-the-world connected to time and to the way we are incarnated. Aim. The purpose of this study was to deepen the understanding of the phenomenon of rhythm in the processes of rehabilitation, in the perspective of physiotherapists and dance and movements therapists. Method. Within a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, life-world interviews were performed with nine experienced physiotherapists and dance and movement therapists. Heidegger’s Dasein analytical perspective and Gadamer’s understanding of health and illness have been drawn on in the interpretation. Results. The phenomenon of rhythm in the perspective of the participants can be understood as following: The human being-in-the-world can ontologically be interpreted as rhythmic. Rhythm is something that creates structure, enables security despite chaos, and has a sheltering function. It can be understood as something that facilitates health and recovery and has a central part in maintaining health. Rhythm is a condition for good recuperation. Rhythm enables getting in touch with oneself; opens up for reflection about ones own relationship towards time and works as a foundation making new experiences possible. It expands the ability to express oneself. Rhythm promotes interplay and fellowship, may act as something to unite around enabling dialogue and mutual understanding, and can be the prerequisite for participation on own terms. Nevertheless, rhythm can also be experienced as threatening, not wanted to be shared, taking overhand and be manipulative. 34 Parallel presentations Int J Qual Stud Health Well-B Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Goteborgs University For personal use only.
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| 38. |
- Sjöström, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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A Switch of Dialect as Disguise
- 2006
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Ingår i: Working Papers. ; 52, s. 113-116
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Criminals may purposely try to hide their identity by using a voice disguise such as imitating another dialect. This paper empirically investigates the power of dialect as an attribute that listeners use when identifying voices and how a switch of dialect affects voice identification. In order to delimit the magnitude of the perceptual significance of dialect and the possible impact of dialect imitation, a native bidialectal speaker was the target speaker in a set of four voice line-up experiments, two of which involved a dialect switch. Regardless of which dialect the bidialectal speaker spoke he was readily recognized. When the familiarization and target voices were of different dialects, it was found that the bidialectal speaker was significantly less well recognized. Dialect is thus a key feature for speaker identification that overrides many other features of the voice. Whether imitated dialect can be used for voice disguise to the same degree as native dialect switching demands further research.
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| 39. |
- Suchankova, Petra, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Association between the AGTR1 polymorphism +1166A>C and serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Regulatory peptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-0115. ; 152:1-3, s. 28-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic factors have been shown to influence high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels, however, which genes that are involved in this process remains to be clarified. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is of importance for the regulation of inflammation, and blockade of angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AGTR1) influences hsCRP levels. These findings prompted us to investigate whether a polymorphism in the AGTR1 gene may influence hsCRP levels. Additionally, a polymorphism in the CRP gene that has previously been shown to influence hsCRP levels was genotyped. Serum levels of hsCRP were measured in 270 42-year-old women recruited from the population registry. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms were analysed: +1166A>C and +1444C>T of the AGTR1 and CRP gene, respectively. The A allele of the AGTR1 polymorphism +1166A>C was dose-dependently associated with higher hsCRP levels (p=0.014, adjusted for confounding factors and multiple comparisons). hsCRP levels were not significantly influenced by the CRP +1444C>T genotype; however, an interaction between the two studied polymorphisms with respect to hsCRP levels was observed (p=0.018). The significant association between the AGTR1 polymorphism and hsCRP levels, which appears to be independent of anthropometric and metabolic traits, is yet another indication of a direct influence of RAS on inflammation.
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| 40. |
- Suchankova, Petra, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between personality traits and polymorphisms in genes related to inflammation in women
- 2008
-
Ingår i: XVIth World Congress on Psychiatric Genetics.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Both inflammation and certain personality traits have been associated with depression; however, studies regarding the relationship between inflammation and general brain functions are not numerous. The present study investigates two single nucleotide polymorphisms located in genes that are associated with inflammation with regards to personality traits in 270 women recruited from the population registry. These women were assessed by means of Karolinska Scale of Personality, a self-reported inventory. The first polymorphism, +1444C>T (rs1130864), is located in the gene coding for C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of low-grade inflammation, and has previously been linked to raised serum levels of high-sensitivity CRP. The second polymorphism, Y402H (rs1061170), is located in the gene coding for complement factor H (CFH), an important regulator of the complement system. CRP binds to CFH and thereby augments the ability of CFH to down regulate the alternative pathway of complement. The 402H allele has consistently been associated with age-related macular degeneration and was recently linked to Alzheimer’s disease. The +1444T allele was significantly associated with higher scores in the personality traits impulsiveness, monotony avoidance and social desirability (p<0.001, p=0.004 and p=0.012, respectively). The 402H polymorphism was significantly associated with higher levels of the personality trait verbal aggression (p=0.002). In conclusion, the association between the studied CRP and CFH polymorphisms and personality traits further supports the possible involvement of the immune system in mental functions.
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| 41. |
- Suchankova, Petra, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations between personality traits and polymorphisms in genes related to inflammation in women
- 2008
-
Ingår i: 49th Annual meeting of the Scandinavian College of Neuro-Psychopharmacology.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Both inflammation and certain personality traits have been associated with depression; however, the mechanisms underlying these connections are unknown. The present study investigates two single nucleotide polymorphisms located in genes that are associated with inflammation with regards to personality traits in order to examine the possible involvement of inflammation in general brain functions. The first polymorphism, +1444C>T (rs1130864), is located in the gene coding for C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of low-grade inflammation, and has previously been linked to raised serum levels of high-sensitivity CRP. The second polymorphism, Y402H (rs1061170), is located in the gene coding for complement factor H (CFH), an important regulator of the complement system. CRP binds to CFH and thereby augments the ability of CFH to down regulate the alternative pathway of complement. The 402H allele has consistently been associated with age-related macular degeneration and was recently linked to Alzheimer’s disease. The population consisted of 270 women recruited from the population registry. These women were assessed by means of Karolinska Scale of Personality, a self-reported inventory. The +1444T allele was significantly associated with higher scores in the personality traits impulsiveness, monotony avoidance and social desirability (p=0.0016, p=0.016 and p=0.048, respectively). The 402H polymorphism was significantly associated with higher levels of the personality trait verbal aggression (p=0.008). In conclusion, the association between the studied CRP and CFH polymorphisms and personality traits further supports the association between the immune system and mental functions.
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| 42. |
- Tufvesson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of the in-plane wetting of a board structure using NIR spectroscopy
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 22:1, s. 111-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Edge wicking is one of the most critical parameters of liquid packaging board. In this study near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in combination with multivariate analysis was used to measure the in-plane wetting profile of hard sized board structures after exposure to water. This was done using a moving NIR probe and registering the spectra in series. Two grades of commercial board and one laboratory-made board were tested. The NIR spectra of samples with moisture contents of between 5% and 50% (completely soaked), measured gravimetrically, were collected. Two partial least squares (PLS) models were created using the NIR spectra as the x matrix and the moisture content measured gravimetrically as the y matrix, one containing observations of the two commercial board grades and the other one containing observations of the laboratory-made board. The correlation coefficients, R-2, of the calibration sets were 0.99 for each of the two models respectively, and the root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) for the test sets containing new observations were 2.1% and 1.3% respectively. Two different trials were set up to verify the NIR method. In the first trial, the average moisture contents of the samples, measured gravimetrically, were compared with the moisture content profiles measured using the NIR technique. In the second trial, the edge wicking values for samples immersed in water for different durations and at different temperatures were measured using NIR spectroscopy, and the results were compared to those of a reference method for measuring edge wicking. The method gives information about the mechanisms of liquid penetration and more details about the moisture content profiles of sized boards and is useful in studying edge-wicking mechanisms in paper boards.
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| 43. |
- Walum, Hasse, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variation in the vasopressin receptor 1a gene (AVPR1A) associates with pair-bonding behavior in humans.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 105:37, s. 14153-14156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pair-bonding has been suggested to be a critical factor in the evolutionary development of the social brain. The brain neuropeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) exerts an important influence on pair-bonding behavior in voles. There is a strong association between a polymorphic repeat sequence in the 5' flanking region of the gene (avpr1a) encoding one of the AVP receptor subtypes (V1aR), and proneness for monogamous behavior in males of this species. It is not yet known whether similar mechanisms are important also for human pair-bonding. Here, we report an association between one of the human AVPR1A repeat polymorphisms (RS3) and traits reflecting pair-bonding behavior in men, including partner bonding, perceived marital problems, and marital status, and show that the RS3 genotype of the males also affects marital quality as perceived by their spouses. These results suggest an association between a single gene and pair-bonding behavior in humans, and indicate that the well characterized influence of AVP on pair-bonding in voles may be of relevance also for humans.
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| 44. |
- Westberg, Lars, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of androgen receptor repeat polymorphisms on personality traits in men
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience. - 1488-2434 .- 1180-4882. ; 34:3, s. 205-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Testosterone has been attributed importance for various aspects of behaviour. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential influence of 2 functional polymorphisms in the amino terminal of the androgen receptor on personality traits in men. Methods We assessed and genotyped 141 men born in 1944 recruited from the general population. We used 2 different instruments: the Karolinska Scales of Personality and the Temperament and Character Inventory. For replication, we similarly assessed 63 men recruited from a forensic psychiatry study group. Results In the population-recruited sample, the lengths of the androgen receptor repeats were associated with neuroticism, extraversion and self-transcendence. The association with extraversion was replicated in the independent sample. Limitations Our 2 samples differed in size; sample 1 was of moderate size and sample 2 was small. In addition, the homogeneity of sample 1 probably enhanced our ability to detect significant associations between genotype and phenotype. Conclusion Our results suggest that the repeat polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene may influence personality traits in men.
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| 45. |
- Wiklund, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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A randomization test for PLS component selection
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemometrics. - Chichester : Wiley & Sons. - 0886-9383 .- 1099-128X. ; 21:10-11, s. 427-439
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last two decades, a number of methods have been developed and evaluated for selecting the optimal number of components in a PLS model. In this paper, a new method is introduced that is based on a randomization test. The advantage of using a randomization test is that in contrast to cross validation (CV), it requires no exclusion of data, thus avoiding problems related to data exclusion, for example in designed experiments. The method is tested using simulated data sets for which the true dimensionality is clearly defined and also compared to regularly used methods for 10 real data sets. The randomization test works as a good statistical selection tool in combination with other selection rules. It also works as an indicator when the data require a pre-treatment.
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