| 1. |
- Andreasson, Anna Nixon, et al.
(författare)
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Inflammation and positive affect are associated with subjective health in women of the general population
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Health Psychology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1359-1053 .- 1461-7277. ; 18:3, s. 311-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poor subjective health has been associated with higher levels of inflammatory cytokines. We investigated whether such an association would apply to women of the general population. Levels of cytokines, affect and subjective health were assessed in 347 women of the general population aged 45 to 90 years. Higher levels of interleukin-6 were associated with poor subjective health, especially in participants over 65 years of age. Positive affect was a more robust determinant of subjective health than negative affect. The presence of low-grade inflammation and absence of positive affect, rather than presence of negative affect, may be important determinants of subjective health.
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| 2. |
- Bergh, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on fibre characteristics and oxidative capacity in equine skeletal muscles
- 2010
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Ingår i: Equine Veterinary Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0425-1644 .- 2042-3306. ; 42:Suppl 38, s. 671-675
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reasons for performing study: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is used to increase or maintain muscle strength during rehabilitation. Human studies investigating different protocols show that some treatments induce changes in muscle characteristics. Despite the frequent use of NMES in horses, no studies have been published describing its efficacy.Objectives: To investigate the effects of a NMES protocol on equine fibre types and areas, glycogen concentrations and enzyme activities.Methods: NMES was administrated to m. gluteus medius and m. longissimus dorsi, on one side of 6 healthy Standardbred horses. The contralateral side of each muscle served as a nonstimulated control. The horses were stimulated at 50 Hz a day, with 21-39 mA, for 45-60 min, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Needle biopsies were obtained from the muscles on both sides before and after the experimental period. Muscle samples were analysed for fibre type proportions and area using histochemical methods and for glycogen and enzyme activities (citrate synthase, 3-OH-acyl CoA dehydrogenase, hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase) using biochemical methods. Muscle contractions at the location and depth of the muscle biopsy were confirmed by diagnostic ultrasound. Nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon sign-rank) were used for statistical analysis. Results: No significant differences were observed in the percentage of types I, IIA or IIX fibres, fibre areas, glycogen levels or enzyme activities either when comparing stimulated and nonstimulated muscles before and after the NMES treatment, or when comparing the left and right muscle samples.Conclusions: The NMES treatment was well tolerated by the horses, but the present protocol did not induce significant muscle adaptations. Further studies are needed to describe the effect of more intense and/or prolonged NMES treatment protocols on muscles of healthy horses, and to describe if stimulation protocols induce positive changes in atrophied muscles.
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| 3. |
- Cárdenas, Juan-Camilo, et al.
(författare)
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Gender and cooperation in children : experiments in Colombia and Sweden.
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we compare cooperation among Colombian and Swedish children aged 9-12. We illustrate the dynamics of the prisoner's dilemma in a new task that is easily understood by children and performed during a physical education class. We find no robust evidence of a difference in cooperation between Colombia and Sweden overall. However, Colombian girls cooperate less than Swedish girls. We also find indications that girls in Colombia are less cooperative than boys. Finally, there is also a tendency for children to be more cooperative with boys than with girls on average.
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| 4. |
- Cardenas, Juan-Camilo, et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences in competitiveness and risk taking : comparing children in Colombia and Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-2681 .- 1879-1751. ; 83:1, s. 11-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explore gender differences in preferences for competition and risk among children aged 9-12 in Colombia and Sweden, two countries differing in gender equality according to macro indices. We include four types of tasks that vary in gender stereotyping when looking at competitiveness: running, skipping rope, math and word search. We find that boys and girls are equally competitive in all tasks and all measures in Colombia. Unlike the consistent results in Colombia, the results in Sweden are mixed, with some indication of girls being more competitive than boys in some tasks in terms of performance change, whereas boys are more likely to choose to compete in general. Boys in both countries are more risk taking than girls, with a smaller gender gap in Sweden.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Dreber Almenberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Age at Pubertal Onset and Educational Outcomes
- 2011
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Education has important short and long run implications for individual outcomes. In this paper we explore the association between age at pubertal onset and educational outcomes in a sample of Swedish girls. Previous research suggests that girls that mature earlier perform worse in school compared to girls that mature later. To test if this is also true among Swedish girls, we investigate the association between pubertal development and grades, educational aspirations and educational choice. We also investigate whether changes in risk attitudes, time preferences and priorities concerning school versus friends mediate this potential correlation. We confirm that earlier maturing girls have lower grades and lower educational aspirations, but find that they make educational choices similar to those of later maturing girls. Furthermore, we do not find that these differences in grades and aspirations are mediated by risk attitudes, time preferences or priorities.
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| 8. |
- Dreber Almenberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Gender and competition in adolescence : task matters
- 2014
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Ingår i: Experimental Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1386-4157 .- 1573-6938. ; 17:1, s. 154-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We look at gender differences among adolescents in Sweden in preferences for competition, altruism and risk. For competitiveness, we explore two different tasks that differ in associated stereotypes. We find no gender difference in competitiveness when comparing performance under competition to that without competition. We further find that boys and girls are equally likely to self-select into competition in a verbal task, but that boys are significantly more likely to choose to compete in a mathematical task. This gender gap diminishes and becomes non-significant when we control for actual performance, beliefs about relative performance, and risk preferences, or for beliefs only. Girls are also more altruistic and less risk taking than boys.
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| 9. |
- Dreber Almenberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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In bloom : gender differences in preferences among adolescents
- 2011
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We look at gender differences in preferences for altruism, risk and competition in math and word search among adolescents in Sweden. We find that girls are more altruistic and less risk taking than boys. We find no gender gap in performance change when comparing performance under non-competition with performance under competition. Boys and girls are equally likely to choose to compete in word search, but boys are significantly more likely to choose to compete in math. However, this gender gap diminishes and becomes non significant when we control for relative performance beliefs, indicating that some of the gender gap in our sample is not due to competition preferences per se.
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| 10. |
- Dreber Almenberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Outrunning the Gender Gap - Boys and Girls Compete Equally
- 2011
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Ingår i: Experimental Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1386-4157 .- 1573-6938. ; 14:4, s. 567-582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies find that women are less competitive than men. This gender difference in competitiveness has been suggested as one possible explanation for why men occupy the majority of top positions in many sectors. In this study we explore competitiveness in children, with the premise that both context and gendered stereotypes regarding the task at hand may influence competitive behavior. A related field experiment on Israeli children shows that only boys react to competition by running faster when competing in a race. We here test if there is a gender gap in running among 7-10 year old Swedish children. We also introduce two female sports, skipping rope and dancing, to see if competitiveness is task dependent. We find no gender difference in reaction to competition in any task; boys and girls compete equally. Studies in different environments with different types of tasks are thus important in order to make generalizable claims about gender differences in competitiveness.
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| 11. |
- Dreber Almenberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Pubertal timing and educational outcome
- 2011
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Education has important short and long run implications for individual outcomes. In this paper we explore the association between puberty and educational outcomes in a sample of Swedish girls. Previous research suggests that girls that mature earlier perform worse in school compared to girls that mature later. To test if this is also true among Swedish girls, we investigate the association between pubertal development and grades, educational aspirations and educational choice. We also investigate whether changes in risk attitudes, time preferences and priorities concerning school versus friends mediate this potential correlation. We confirm that earlier maturing girls have lower grades and lower educational aspirations, but find that they make educational choices similar to those of later maturing girls. Furthermore, we do not find that these differences in grades and aspirations are mediated by risk attitudes, time preferences or priorities.
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| 12. |
- Eriksson, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Synergimöjligheter,målkonflikteroch problemi miljömålsarbetet : En analys utifrån nyckelaktörers perspektiv
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Naturvårdsverket ansvarar för att samordna uppföljningen av de svenska miljömålen– generationsmålet såväl som de 16 miljökvalitetsmålen. I juli 2012 ska enfördjupad utvärdering av miljömålen rapporteras till regeringen. En av uppdragspunkternai regeringsuppdraget löd”En analys som identifierar synergimöjligheteroch de bakomliggande orsakerna till problem som försvårar möjligheterna att nåmiljökvalitetsmålen och generationsmålet, t.ex. trender i samhällsutvecklingen,målkonflikter mellan miljökvalitetsmålen och konflikter med andra samhällsintressen”.Syftet med denna studie av synergimöjligheter och problem är att ta framunderlag till denna fördjupade utvärdering. Målet med analysen är en sammanställningsom svarar på ovanstående uppdragspunkt i regeringsuppdraget.Det som är nytt i denna rapport är ansatsen attjämföra regionala och nationellaerfarenheter av olika problem och synergimöjligheter som ofta framkommer i analyserav miljömålsarbetet. Här visar resultaten att bilden är samstämmig mellan debåda nivåerna. Nytt är även försöket att strukturera upp och karaktärisera målkonflikteroch synergier för att på så sätt tydliggöra grunden för prioriteringsarbetetoch därmed möjligen kunna förenkla i prioriteringsprocessen.Studiens resultat visar att de viktigaste konflikterna finns mellan miljökvalitetsmålenoch andra politikområden, det vill säga mellan miljökvalitetsmålen och operationaliseringenav andra politikområdens produktionsmål. Dessa politikområden ärnäringspolitik, skogspolitik, energi och regional utveckling. Samma områden ärproblematiska även på den regionala nivån, men där finns även andra problem i defall miljökvalitetsmålen krockar med verksamhet som länsstyrelsen bedriver.Många av konflikterna med andra politikområden beskrivs av studiens respondentersom äkta i den betydelsen att de tillfrågade saknar rådighet över konflikten. Detär tydligt att dessa konflikter måste lösas med hjälp av politiska ställningstaganden.Få äkta konflikter verkar finnas mellan miljökvalitetsmålen – främst finns konfliktermellan klimatmålet och övriga miljökvalitetsmål.Även inom miljömålsförvaltningen återfinns problem och då i form av exempelvisbristande samverkan och resursbrist. I de fall där en myndighet har möjlighet attöka samverkan med andra eller göra en omfördelning av resurser så rör det sig omett oäkta problem. Om en myndighets instruktion inte underlättar samverkan medandra myndigheter inom miljömålsförvaltningen eller om resurstilldelningen ärunderdimensionerad så utgör detta ett äkta problem sett i ett förvaltningsperspektiv.När produktionsmålen inom ett politikområde (till exempel skogspolitik) står ikonflikt med hänsynsmål i form av miljökvalitetmålen, framträder produktionsmålentydligare och blir styrande för utvecklingen. Detta blir ur ett miljömålsperspektiven tydlig äkta konflikt som för sin lösning behöver tydliga politiska avvägningar.NATURVÅRDSVERKET RAPPORT 6474Synergimöjligheter, målkonflikter och problem i miljömålsarbetet7Många gånger uppstår konflikter och problem på grund av oklarheter i ägarskap,rådighet och ansvar över en fråga, på det sätt som beskrivits ovan. För att kunnahantera målkonflikter krävs ställningstaganden och prioriteringar. Lösningen på deäkta konflikterna ligger på den politiska nivån. Här är det viktigt att se över konflikt-och problemområdena för att kunna nå långsiktigt hållbara lösningar.Studiens respondenter bedömer att det i stort finns fler synergimöjligheter än målkonflikter.Synergier återfinns främst mellan miljökvalitetsmålen och då relaterattillIngen övergödning, Levande skogar, Ett rikt växt- och djurliv samt Begränsadklimatpåverkan.Synergier mellan miljömålen och andra politikområden återfinnsfrämst med folkhälsa, skogspolitik och energipolitik. Bilden ser likadan ut på denregionala nivån. De flesta synergier som i studien lyfts fram kopplade till miljökvalitetsmålendefinierades som äkta. I viss mån kan synergier dock ge negativa konsekvenserdirekt eller på sikt. Att i det fortsatta miljömålsarbetet ha med sig synsättetatt även synergier kan vara oäkta eller skenbara kan bidra till att upptäcka fallgropar,till exempel att synergier på en nivå kan visa sig ha negativa effekter på enannan nivå. Att beakta detta faktum kan göra aktörer uppmärksamma på behovetav noggranna konsekvensbedömningar även i relation till miljökvalitetsmål somvid en första anblick inte anses beröras av en åtgärd.Trender i samhällsutvecklingen har stor påverkan på möjligheterna att nå måluppfyllelseför miljökvalitetsmålen. Trender med negativ inverkan på miljöarbetet ärockså de som utgör de starkaste trenderna i samhällsutvecklingen. Hit hör trendersom rör bland annat konsumtionsökning, kortsiktighet och globalisering. Dessaförstärker målkonflikterna medan de positiva trenderna kan förstärka synergimöjligheterna.Ett framgångskoncept vara att hitta nyckelaktörer som kan bromsa uppeffekten av de negativa trenderna. Lika viktigt är det att stödja de nyckelaktörersom kan förstärka de positiva trenderna. Att bygga på samverkan och samarbetekan föra miljöarbetet framåt.Den stora frågan som miljömålsarbetet har att brottas med ligger i samhällsutvecklingenoch de trender som styr oss. Hänsynsmål – till exempel miljökvalitetsmålen– driver endast i begränsad utsträckning samhällsutvecklingen. Det gör i högre gradfrågan om en god ekonomisk utveckling och ett socialt välbefinnande, till exempelhälsa. En stor utmaning ligger i att kombinera en god ekonomisk utveckling medett framgångsrikt miljöarbete. De positiva trender som förekommer i denna studiefinns främst i beteendemönster i samhället och hos den enskilde. Kopplingen tillmänniskors önskan om en god hälsa kan vara värd att uppmärksamma.Studiens resultat och slutsatser pekar på betydelsen av att politikerna tar ett helhetsgreppöver och värderar miljöarbetet i relation till andra mål. Handlingsutrymmetpåverkas även av internationella sammanhang och EU-lagstiftning. För attnärma sig de stora problemen behövs nya angreppssätt.
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| 13. |
- Eriksson, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Synergimöjligheter,målkonflikteroch problemi miljömålsarbetet : En analys utifrån nyckelaktörers perspektiv
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Naturvårdsverket ansvarar för att samordna uppföljningen av de svenska miljömålen– generationsmålet såväl som de 16 miljökvalitetsmålen. I juli 2012 ska enfördjupad utvärdering av miljömålen rapporteras till regeringen. En av uppdragspunkternai regeringsuppdraget löd”En analys som identifierar synergimöjligheteroch de bakomliggande orsakerna till problem som försvårar möjligheterna att nåmiljökvalitetsmålen och generationsmålet, t.ex. trender i samhällsutvecklingen,målkonflikter mellan miljökvalitetsmålen och konflikter med andra samhällsintressen”.Syftet med denna studie av synergimöjligheter och problem är att ta framunderlag till denna fördjupade utvärdering. Målet med analysen är en sammanställningsom svarar på ovanstående uppdragspunkt i regeringsuppdraget.Det som är nytt i denna rapport är ansatsen attjämföra regionala och nationellaerfarenheter av olika problem och synergimöjligheter som ofta framkommer i analyserav miljömålsarbetet. Här visar resultaten att bilden är samstämmig mellan debåda nivåerna. Nytt är även försöket att strukturera upp och karaktärisera målkonflikteroch synergier för att på så sätt tydliggöra grunden för prioriteringsarbetetoch därmed möjligen kunna förenkla i prioriteringsprocessen.Studiens resultat visar att de viktigaste konflikterna finns mellan miljökvalitetsmålenoch andra politikområden, det vill säga mellan miljökvalitetsmålen och operationaliseringenav andra politikområdens produktionsmål. Dessa politikområden ärnäringspolitik, skogspolitik, energi och regional utveckling. Samma områden ärproblematiska även på den regionala nivån, men där finns även andra problem i defall miljökvalitetsmålen krockar med verksamhet som länsstyrelsen bedriver.Många av konflikterna med andra politikområden beskrivs av studiens respondentersom äkta i den betydelsen att de tillfrågade saknar rådighet över konflikten. Detär tydligt att dessa konflikter måste lösas med hjälp av politiska ställningstaganden.Få äkta konflikter verkar finnas mellan miljökvalitetsmålen – främst finns konfliktermellan klimatmålet och övriga miljökvalitetsmål.Även inom miljömålsförvaltningen återfinns problem och då i form av exempelvisbristande samverkan och resursbrist. I de fall där en myndighet har möjlighet attöka samverkan med andra eller göra en omfördelning av resurser så rör det sig omett oäkta problem. Om en myndighets instruktion inte underlättar samverkan medandra myndigheter inom miljömålsförvaltningen eller om resurstilldelningen ärunderdimensionerad så utgör detta ett äkta problem sett i ett förvaltningsperspektiv.När produktionsmålen inom ett politikområde (till exempel skogspolitik) står ikonflikt med hänsynsmål i form av miljökvalitetmålen, framträder produktionsmålentydligare och blir styrande för utvecklingen. Detta blir ur ett miljömålsperspektiven tydlig äkta konflikt som för sin lösning behöver tydliga politiska avvägningMånga gånger uppstår konflikter och problem på grund av oklarheter i ägarskap,rådighet och ansvar över en fråga, på det sätt som beskrivits ovan. För att kunnahantera målkonflikter krävs ställningstaganden och prioriteringar. Lösningen på deäkta konflikterna ligger på den politiska nivån. Här är det viktigt att se över konflikt-och problemområdena för att kunna nå långsiktigt hållbara lösningar.Studiens respondenter bedömer att det i stort finns fler synergimöjligheter än målkonflikter.Synergier återfinns främst mellan miljökvalitetsmålen och då relaterattillIngen övergödning, Levande skogar, Ett rikt växt- och djurliv samt Begränsadklimatpåverkan.Synergier mellan miljömålen och andra politikområden återfinnsfrämst med folkhälsa, skogspolitik och energipolitik. Bilden ser likadan ut på denregionala nivån. De flesta synergier som i studien lyfts fram kopplade till miljökvalitetsmålendefinierades som äkta. I viss mån kan synergier dock ge negativa konsekvenserdirekt eller på sikt. Att i det fortsatta miljömålsarbetet ha med sig synsättetatt även synergier kan vara oäkta eller skenbara kan bidra till att upptäcka fallgropar,till exempel att synergier på en nivå kan visa sig ha negativa effekter på enannan nivå. Att beakta detta faktum kan göra aktörer uppmärksamma på behovetav noggranna konsekvensbedömningar även i relation till miljökvalitetsmål somvid en första anblick inte anses beröras av en åtgärd.Trender i samhällsutvecklingen har stor påverkan på möjligheterna att nå måluppfyllelseför miljökvalitetsmålen. Trender med negativ inverkan på miljöarbetet ärockså de som utgör de starkaste trenderna i samhällsutvecklingen. Hit hör trendersom rör bland annat konsumtionsökning, kortsiktighet och globalisering. Dessaförstärker målkonflikterna medan de positiva trenderna kan förstärka synergimöjligheterna.Ett framgångskoncept vara att hitta nyckelaktörer som kan bromsa uppeffekten av de negativa trenderna. Lika viktigt är det att stödja de nyckelaktörersom kan förstärka de positiva trenderna. Att bygga på samverkan och samarbetekan föra miljöarbetet framåt.Den stora frågan som miljömålsarbetet har att brottas med ligger i samhällsutvecklingenoch de trender som styr oss. Hänsynsmål – till exempel miljökvalitetsmålen– driver endast i begränsad utsträckning samhällsutvecklingen. Det gör i högre gradfrågan om en god ekonomisk utveckling och ett socialt välbefinnande, till exempelhälsa. En stor utmaning ligger i att kombinera en god ekonomisk utveckling medett framgångsrikt miljöarbete. De positiva trender som förekommer i denna studiefinns främst i beteendemönster i samhället och hos den enskilde. Kopplingen tillmänniskors önskan om en god hälsa kan vara värd att uppmärksamma.Studiens resultat och slutsatser pekar på betydelsen av att politikerna tar ett helhetsgreppöver och värderar miljöarbetet i relation till andra mål. Handlingsutrymmetpåverkas även av internationella sammanhang och EU-lagstiftning. För attnärma sig de stora problemen behövs nya angreppssätt.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Essén, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Innovation as emergence in healthcare : Unpacking change from within
- 2013
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 93, s. 203-211
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The contemporary healthcare literature suffers from a disproportionate focus on 'given' externally created innovations, and belief in ordered, planned and well-funded implementation processes. As an alternative, the present paper highlights the potential of emergent change processes, using the continuous invention and re-invention of the Rheumatology Quality Registry in Sweden as an example. This 19 year long process, which is still ongoing, does not exhibit the sequential steps that are allegedly determinants of success in the innovation and implementation literature. Yet, it has produced system-wide improvements. We draw on more than 100 informal and formal meetings with practitioners involved in the process studied, observations, documentation analysis and quantitative registry-data. A total of 67 interviews with registry-users and external stakeholders were also performed. The dissipative structures model (complexity theory) was used to analyze the data. The studied process illustrates an ongoing, practice-driven improvement process, which was sparked by abstract and indirect energies that interacted with more concrete innovations such as new drugs. For example, participants tapped new information technologies, changing perspectives and governmental priorities to challenge current ways of working and introduce new ideas. Ideas were realized and spread through various self-organized processes that involved the re-arrangement of existing resources rather than acquisition of new resources. Taken together, these processes brought Swedish rheumatology to new levels of functioning 1992-2011. An important implication of our work is that incremental and practice-driven change processes can significantly transform care systems in the long run. Policy makers need to acknowledge and foster such ongoing innovation processes at micro-level, rather than focusing exclusively on innovations as externally created 'things' that await 'implementation'.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Essen, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Laggards as Innovators? : Old Users as Designers of New Services & Service Systems
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Design. - 1991-3761 .- 1994-036X. ; 5:3, s. 89-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Involving users in the design process is increasingly discussed as the quickest and most reliable way to capture the needs of users and consumers. In parallel, the fastest growing population segment in Asia and the West is older people. This article asks whether their involvement in the design process could accelerate a growing service market and if so, how? It addresses a knowledge gap that constrains service provision for a growing market of older people and which underestimates older people's potential contribution in the early phases of the development of new services. The current role of older users is limited to that of test persons later in the design process or as objects of randomized samples that explore consumers' reactions to existing products. The present case study provides an empirical example of how old users can be involved in the early stages of service design. In doing this, the article questions the concept of old users as laggards. It suggests great potential to include such users - been arounds - as sources of innovation in the earlier phases of the design process if they have the right tools and opportunities to act. In identifying unsatisfied needs and potential market solutions, the inclusion of old users in user-driven projects can contribute to the generation of business ideas.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Essén, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The mutual constitution of sensuous and discursive understanding in scientific practice : An autoethnographic lens on academic writing
- 2013
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Ingår i: Management Learning. - : SAGE Publications. - 1350-5076 .- 1461-7307. ; 44:4, s. 395-423
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The research process and production of scientific knowledge has traditionally been understood to be based on abstract analysis and intellectual capacity rather than physical and emotional resources, promoting an understanding of academic practice as a detached, non-emotional and objective activity. Lately, several researchers have bemoaned this lack of recognition of the bodiliness of our work. In this study, we attempt to address this gap by exploring and conceptualizing some of the ways in which the embodied dimensions of academic research practices are intertwined with the articulation of ideas in the writing of scientific texts. In order to pursue our aim, we draw on experiences explicated through an autoethnographic approach, including the generation of personal narratives and in-depth conversations with 18 researchers from different universities in Europe and the US. The article contributes to the sociology of science and academic literacy literature, by conceptualizing the interconnectedness between sensuous and discursive understandings in this context. With the advancement of this theoretical approach, we illuminate how scientific practice is bound up with emotional, embodied, material, social, political and institutional forces. We also challenge the dichotomy between ‘knowledge work’ or theoretical tasks on the one hand, and ‘body work’ or physical labor on the other.
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| 20. |
- Essén, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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The experience and responses of Swedish health professionals to patients requesting virginity restoration (hymen repair)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Reproductive health matters. - 0968-8080 .- 1460-9576. ; 18:35, s. 38-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important determinant of family honour in many cultures is the chastity of women, with much importance attributed to virginity until marriage. The traditional proof of virginity is bleeding from the ruptured hymen, which has led some women to request genital surgery to "restore" virginity, or hymen repair. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Swedish health care providers have had experience of patients requesting this surgery. Questionnaires were sent to 1,086 gynaecologists, midwives, youth welfare and social officers, and school nurses and doctors in four Swedish cities. Of the 507 who returned the questionnaire, 271 had seen patients seeking virginity-related care. Of these, 14 had turned the patients away; 221 had made 429 referrals, mostly to a welfare officer or a gynaecologist; and 26 had referred patients to a plastic surgeon. Nine gynaecologists had carried out such surgery themselves. Swedish authorities have to date focused on this issue primarily from a social and legal perspective. No guidelines exist on how health professionals should deal with requests for surgery to restore virginity. Further research is needed on how best to meet the needs of this group of patients in a multi-ethnic society and how to address requests for hymen repair. Without this, medical practitioners and counsellors will remain uncertain and ambivalent, and a variety of approaches will persist.
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| 21. |
- Essen-Gustavsson, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of crude protein intake from forage-only diets on muscle amino acids and glycogen levels in horses in training
- 2010
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Ingår i: Equine Veterinary Journal. - : Wiley. - 0425-1644 .- 2042-3306. ; 42, s. 341-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- P>Reasons for performing study:There is little information about the influence of crude protein (CP) intake on glycogen and free pool amino acid concentrations in the muscle of horses in training. High energy forage-only diets may be an alternative to concentrate rich diets and may provide high levels of CP.Objective:To study the effect of feeding 2 forage-only diets, containing either high or moderate CP concentrations on glycogen and free pool amino acid concentrations in the muscle.Materials and methods:Two high energy forage-only diets based on high-energy grass forage were fed for 23 days in a crossover design to 6 Standardbred horses in racing condition. One forage diet provided a high (HP) CP (16.6%) intake and the other diet provided recommended intake (RP) of CP (12.5%). At Day 19 a standardised treadmill test was performed to mimic a race. Blood samples were taken before, during and after (up to 90 min) the treadmill test and muscle biopsies (m. gluteus) were taken before and after exercise and after 90 min. Amino acids were analysed with a HPLC-technique and glycogen with a fluorimetric method.Results:A main effect of the HP diet was that muscle glycogen and leucine concentrations were higher compared to the RP diet. Branched chain amino acid concentrations in plasma remained higher during early recovery from exercise on the HP diet compared to the RP diet. Intense exercise caused a similar decrease in glycogen, aspartate and glutamate concentrations in muscle and increase in alanine concentration on both diets.Conclusion:Feeding a forage-only diet with a high CP intake increases glycogen and leucine concentrations in muscle of horses in training. This may be beneficial for muscle recovery following intensive exercise.
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| 22. |
- Essen-Gustavsson, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of feed deprivation on Standardbred horses fed a forage-only diet and a 50:50 forage-oats diet
- 2010
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Ingår i: Equine Veterinary Journal. - : Wiley. - 0425-1644 .- 2042-3306. ; 42, s. 335-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- P>Reasons for performing study:A higher forage allowance to athletic horses might be an alternative to increase health and the gut fluid reservoir. However, more forage might increase bodyweight (bwt) and could therefore be a limitation during competition.Objectives:To investigate the effect of a forage-only diet (FD) compared to a 50:50 (dry matter basis) forage:oats diet (OD) on bwt, plasma protein concentration and some metabolic plasma parameters during 12 h of feed deprivation.Methods:Twelve adult Standardbred horses in training were used. The 2 diets were fed in 2 experimental periods of 3 weeks each in a crossover design. The last day of each period the horses were fasted for 12 h. The horses were weighed and their water intake measured every day during the trial and every hour during the 12 h feed deprivation. During feed deprivation total plasma protein (TPP), insulin, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), urea, glucose and acetate concentrations were analysed.Results:Bwt and water intake was higher on FD compared to OD. Bwt loss was higher during feed deprivation on FD compared to OD. TPP was lower before and during the last 8 h of feed deprivation on FD compared to OD. Plasma insulin was lower on FD than on OD at feeding and for 5 h during feed deprivation. Plasma NEFA and urea increased on both diets during feed deprivation. Plasma glucose was not affected by diet or feed deprivation.Conclusion:High energy forage diets could be an alternative to high grain diets for athletic horses. The small increase in bwt on FD diminished with feed deprivation and the low TPP concentration indicate a greater potential to use an internal fluid compartment to maintain plasma volume.
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| 23. |
- Essen-Gustavsson, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Muscle glycogen resynthesis, signalling and metabolic responses following acute exercise in exercise-trained pigs carrying the PRKAG3 mutation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Experimental Physiology. - : Wiley. - 0958-0670 .- 1469-445X. ; 96, s. 927-937
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hampshire pigs carrying the PRKAG3 mutation in the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gamma(3) subunit exhibit excessive skeletal muscle glycogen storage and an altered glycogen synthesis signalling response following exercise. AMPK plays an important role as a regulator of carbohydrate and fat metabolism in mammalian cells. Exercise-trained muscles are repeatedly exposed to glycogen degradation and resynthesis, to which the signalling pathways adapt. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of acute exercise on glycogen synthesis signalling pathways, and the levels of insulin and other substrates in blood in exercise-trained pigs with and without the PRKAG3 mutation. After 5 weeks of training, pigs performed two standardized treadmill exercise tests, and skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained immediately after exercise and 3 h postexercise in the first test, and 6 h postexercise in the second test. The PRKAG3 mutation carriers had higher glycogen storage, and resynthesis of glycogen was faster after 3 h but not after 6 h of recovery. Alterations in the concentrations of insulin, glucose, lactate and free fatty acids after exercise did not differ between the genotypes. The carriers showed a lower expression of AMPK and increased phosphorylation of Akt Ser(473) after exercise, compared with non-carriers. Acute exercise stimulated the phosphorylation of AS160 in both genotypes, and the phosphorylation of GSK3 alpha Ser(21) and ACC Ser(79) in the non-carriers. In conclusion, exercise-trained pigs carrying the PRKAG3 mutation show an altered Akt and AMPK signalling response to acute exercise, indicating that glucose metabolism is associated with faster resynthesis of muscle glycogen in this group.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Lekander, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Cytokines and memory across the mature life span of women
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 52:3, s. 229-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing evidence suggests a role of the immune system in modulation of cognition, but details on affected memory systems are largely lacking. We therefore aimed to study the relation between selected cytokines and subsets of memory, and the impact of age in these relations. From a random population-based sample (the Betula Prospective Cohort Study), 298 women (age 45-90) were studied in terms of episodic recall and recognition, semantic fluency and knowledge, and prospective memory. Circulating cytokines of relevance for cognition and aging were measured with ELISA. Levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and sIL-2R were significantly and negatively associated with most cognitive variables, while the opposite was true for IL-1 beta. Age shared substantial variance with both cytokines and memory, and turned most correlations non-significant when controlled for together with education, BMI and presence of disease. Interactions between age and cytokines were further analyzed in multiple regressions. For IL-6, significant negative interactions with age were found for semantic fluency (p < 0.05) and prospective memory (p < 0.01), and for sIL-2R in predicting semantic knowledge (p < 0.05), indicating an increased negative impact of these cytokines on memory with increasing age. In conclusion, the study indicates a relation between cytokines and memory that appears to be largely mediated by age, and supports the suggestion that cytokine dysregulation with higher age may interact with cognitive aging.
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| 27. |
- Melander-Wikman, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Project: e-Balance
- 2014
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Ovretveit, John, et al.
(författare)
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Continuous innovation : developing and using a clinical database with new technology for patient-centred care - the case of the Swedish quality register for arthritis
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal for Quality in Health Care. - : Oxford University Press. - 1353-4505 .- 1464-3677. ; 25:2, s. 118-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. We describe and explain the development of a clinical quality database and its use for different clinical, management and patient empowerment purposes.Design. A longitudinal case study covering 1993–2009.Setting. Rheumatology departments in Swedish hospitals.Participants. Those involved in developing the clinical database and its applications and a limited number of users.Intervention(s). Different methods for inputting and storing clinical and patient data and for analysing and presenting the data to providers and patients.Main outcome measure(s). Participants’ perceptions of the value of different applications and of influences, which helped and hindered the development of the system.Results. Different innovations were introduced at different times continually to increase the ultility of the clinical data and the clinic- and patient coverage of the clinical data system. Limited interview data show postive patient and provider perceptions of the latest application to collect and present data as time trend visual display in the clinical consultation.Conclusions. A longitudinal perspective revealed how a clinical quality register was developed and how new technologies not imagined in the early 1990s continue to increase the ultility and value of the clinical database. This historical perspective provided limited evidence of impact, but does provide lessons for current strategies for innovation for quality in health care and of the need to consider innovolution processes, rather than discrete innovations, given the rapid pace of change in new technologies. More evidence is needed of the impact of such registers, and of enhancements, on providers and patients and on costs.
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| 30. |
- Wahlberg, Anna, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Causes of death among undocumented migrants in Sweden, 1997-2010
- 2014
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Ingår i: Global Health Action. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 7, s. 24464-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Undocumented migrants are one of the most vulnerable groups in Swedish society, where they generally suffer from poor health and limited health care access. Due to their irregular status, such migrants are an under-researched group and are not included in the country’s Cause of Death Register (CDR).Objective: To determine the causes of death among undocumented migrants in Sweden and to ascertain whether there are patterns in causes of death that differ between residents and undocumented migrants.Design: This is a cross-sectional study of death certificates issued from 1997 to 2010 but never included in the CDR from which we established our study sample of undocumented migrants. As age adjustments could not be performed due to lack of data, comparisons between residents and undocumented migrants were made at specific age intervals, based on the study sample’s mean age at death±a half standard deviation.Results: Out of 7,925 individuals surveyed, 860 were classified as likely to have been undocumented migrants. External causes (49.8%) were the most frequent cause of death, followed by circulatory system diseases, and then neoplasms. Undocumented migrants had a statistically significant increased risk of dying from external causes (odds ratio [OR] 3.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.83–4.52) and circulatory system diseases (OR 2.20, 95% CI: 1.73–2.82) compared to residents, and a lower risk of dying from neoplasms (OR 0.07, 95% CI: 0.04–0.14).Conclusions: We believe our study is the first to determine national figures on causes of death of undocumented migrants. We found inequity in health as substantial differences in causes of death between undocumented migrants and residents were seen. Legal ambiguities regarding health care provision must be addressed if equity in health is to be achieved in a country otherwise known for its universal health coverage.
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| 31. |
- Yakhlef, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Practice innovation as bodily skills : the example of elderly home care service delivery
- 2013
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Ingår i: Organization. - : SAGE Publications. - 1350-5084 .- 1461-7323. ; 20:6, s. 881-903
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Heideggerian strand of organization studies has highlighted important aspects of organizational practices. Because of the emphasis of the practice-oriented approach on routine practice, researchers have taken a special interest in how innovative, improvised action arises. One of the dominant views is that innovative action is the outcome of different variations in everyday practices. Insightful though these studies are, they do not recognize the role of the body in their conceptualization. This article seeks to redress this imbalance by drawing on Merleau-Ponty's (1962) phenomenology, suggesting that the body, as a carrier of practices, is the locus of innovative action. The article proposes that innovative action emerges in our bodily expressive-responsive skilful coping mode. In illustrating this argument, we make use of case study material focusing on practices involving elderly care service provision. We show how the care workers under consideration cope with the demands of their unpredictable work by adapting their bodily expressive-responsive abilities innovatively to emerging situational calls. Practice innovation emerges as the outcome of a tension between what it makes sense for the care workers to do based on the practical intelligibility underlying their own practices, on the one hand, and bureaucratic rules and requirements inscribed in terms of economic rationality and cost-efficiency, on the other. Because bureaucratic rules are perceived as alienating and unethical, innovation would inevitably be a form of resistance. The article specifies this form of practical resistance, concluding with some implications of this approach for organization studies.
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