| 1. |
- Falkman, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Lyotropic lipid phases confined in cylindrical pores: Structure and permeability
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5207 .- 1520-6106. ; 115:49, s. 14450-14461
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A model membrane system based on lipid lyotropic phases confined inside the pores of a well-defined scaffold membrane, thereby forming a double-porous membrane structure, is described. The model membrane system is characterized with regard to lipid structure, lipid location, and phase transitions, using small-angle X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, and confocal microscopy. The system enables studies of transport across oriented lipid bilayers as well as of lipids in confinement. The lipids are shown to be located inside the membrane pores, and the effect of confinement on lipid structure is shown to be small, although dependent on the surface properties of the scaffold membrane. For transport studies, Franz diffusion cells and different types of drugs/dyes are used, and the transport studies are complemented with theoretical modeling. Lipids investigated include monoolein, dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine, dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine, and E. coli total lipid extract. In the case of monoolein, the lipid structure can be changed from a bicontinuous cubic Ia3d phase to a liquid crystalline lamellar phase, by controlling the osmotic pressure of the surrounding solution through addition of water-soluble polymer. The osmotic pressure can thereby be used as a switch, changing the permeability of the lipid phase up to 100-fold, depending on the properties of the diffusing substance. The large effect of changing the structure implies an alignment of the lamellar phase inside the pores.
|
|
| 2. |
- Helldin, Tove
(författare)
-
Transparency for future semi-automated systems : effects of transparency on operator performance, workload and trust
- 2014
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- More and more complex semi-automated systems are being developed, aiding human operators to collect and analyze data and information and even to recommend decisions and act upon these. The goal of such development is often to support the operators make better decisions faster, while at the same time decrease their workload. However, these promises are not always fulfilled and several incidents have highlighted the fact that the introduction of automated technologies might instead increase the need for human involvement andexpertise in the tasks carried out.The significance of communicating information regarding an automated system's performance and to explain its strengths and limitations to its operators is strongly highlighted within the system transparencyand operator-centered automation literature. However, it is not common that feedback containing system qualifiers is incorporated into the primary displays of the automated system, obscuring its transparency. In this thesis, we deal with the investigation of the effects of explaining and visualizing system reasoning and performance parameters in different domains on the operators' trust, workload and performance. Different proof-of-concept prototypes have been designed with transparency characteristics in mind, and quantitative and qualitative evaluations together with operators of these systems have been carried out.Our results show that the effects of automation transparency can positively influence the performance and trust calibration of operators of complex systems, yet possibly at the costs of higher workload and longer decision-making times. Further, this thesis provides recommendations for designers and developers of automated systems in terms of general design concepts and guidelines for developing transparent automated systems for the future.
|
|
| 3. |
- Pankratov, Dmitry, et al.
(författare)
-
A hybrid electric power device for simultaneous generation and storage of electric energy
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Energy and Environmental Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. ; 7:3, s. 989-993
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We herein report on an entirely new kind of electric power device. In the hybrid device, chemical energy is directly converted into electric energy, which is capacitively stored within a singular contrivance. The device is built based on dual-function electrodes, viz. discrete electrodes manifesting simultaneous electrocatalytic and charge-storage features.
|
|
