| 1. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 4. |
- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(författare)
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- 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Alberto, Helena, V, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of the Interfacial Defect Layer in Chalcopyrite Solar Cells by Depth-Resolved Muon Spin Spectroscopy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials Interfaces. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2196-7350. ; 9:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As devices become smaller and more complex, the interfaces between adjacent materials become increasingly important and are often critical to device performance. An important research goal is to improve the interface between the absorber and the window layer by inserting buffer layers to adjust the transition. Depth-resolved studies are key for a fundamental understanding of the interface. In the present experiment, the interface between the chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 absorber and various buffer layers are investigated using low-energy muon spin rotation (mu SR) spectroscopy. Depth resolution in the nm range is achieved by implanting the muons with different energies so that they stop at different depths in the sample. Near the interface, a region about 50 nm wide is detected where the lattice is more distorted than further inside the absorber. The distortion is attributed to the long-range strain field caused by defects. These measurements allow a quantification of the corresponding passivation effect of the buffer layer. Bath-deposited cadmium sulfide provides the best defect passivation in the near interface region, in contrast to the dry-deposited oxides, which have a much smaller effect. The experiment demonstrates the great potential of low energy mu SR spectroscopy for microscopic interfacial studies of multilayer systems.
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| 6. |
- Cunha, Jose M. V., et al.
(författare)
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High-Performance and Industrially Viable Nanostructured SiOx Layers for Interface Passivation in Thin Film Solar Cells
- 2021
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Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2367-198X. ; 5:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herein, it is demonstrated, by using industrial techniques, that a passivation layer with nanocontacts based on silicon oxide (SiOx) leads to significant improvements in the optoelectronical performance of ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) solar cells. Two approaches are applied for contact patterning of the passivation layer: point contacts and line contacts. For two CIGS growth conditions, 550 and 500 degrees C, the SiOx passivation layer demonstrates positive passivation properties, which are supported by electrical simulations. Such positive effects lead to an increase in the light to power conversion efficiency value of 2.6% (absolute value) for passivated devices compared with a nonpassivated reference device. Strikingly, both passivation architectures present similar efficiency values. However, there is a trade-off between passivation effect and charge extraction, as demonstrated by the trade-off between open-circuit voltage (V-oc) and short-circuit current density (J(sc)) compared with fill factor (FF). For the first time, a fully industrial upscalable process combining SiOx as rear passivation layer deposited by chemical vapor deposition, with photolithography for line contacts, yields promising results toward high-performance and low-cost ultrathin CIGS solar cells with champion devices reaching efficiency values of 12%, demonstrating the potential of SiOx as a passivation material for energy conversion devices.
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| 7. |
- Dardouri, Maïssa, et al.
(författare)
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Assuring the Biofunctionalization of Silicone Covalently Bonded to Rhamnolipids : Antibiofilm Activity and Biocompatibility
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pharmaceutics. - : MDPI. - 1999-4923. ; 14:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silicone-based medical devices composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are widely used all over the human body (e.g., urinary stents and catheters, central venous catheters stents) with extreme clinical success. Nevertheless, their abiotic surfaces, being prone to microorganism colonization, are often involved in infection occurrence. Improving PDMS antimicrobial properties by surface functionalization with biosurfactants to prevent related infections has been the goal of different works, but studies that mimic the clinical use of these novel surfaces are missing. This work aims at the biofunctional assessment of PDMS functionalized with rhamnolipids (RLs), using translational tests that more closely mimic the clinical microenvironment. Rhamnolipids were covalently bonded to PDMS, and the obtained surfaces were characterized by contact angle modification assessment, ATR-FTIR analysis and atomic force microscopy imaging. Moreover, a parallel flow chamber was used to assess the Staphylococcus aureus antibiofilm activity of the obtained surfaces under dynamic conditions, and an in vitro characterization with human dermal fibroblast cells in both direct and indirect characterization assays, along with an in vivo subcutaneous implantation assay in the translational rabbit model, was performed. A 1.2 log reduction in S. aureus biofilm was observed after 24 h under flow dynamic conditions. Additionally, functionalized PDMS lessened cell adhesion upon direct contact, while supporting a cytocompatible profile, within an indirect assay. The adequacy of the biological response was further validated upon in vivo subcutaneous tissue implantation. An important step was taken towards biofunctional assessment of RLs-functionalized PDMS, reinforcing their suitability for medical device usage and infection prevention.
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| 8. |
- Monteiro, Margarida, et al.
(författare)
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X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy for Studying Passivation Architectures of Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 Cells
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE 48th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781665419222 ; , s. 890-892
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optoelectronic devices are susceptible to interface recombination, which can have a detrimental impact on their performance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for tailored passivation strategies to reach a technological boost. In this contribution, two architectures based on passivated Cu(In, Ga)Se-2 solar cells are analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS): one based on rear passivation with gold nanoparticle aggregates, and the other with Al2O3 as a front passivation layer. It is demonstrated that XPS can assist in the understanding of passivated devices from a chemical point of view, comprehend their limitations and push forward the development of future devices.
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| 9. |
- Pacheco, Gonçalo P., et al.
(författare)
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Experimental and Kinetic Investigation of Stoichiometric to Rich NH3/H2/Air Flames in a Swirl and Bluff-Body Stabilized Burner
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy and Fuels. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0887-0624 .- 1520-5029. ; 35:9, s. 7201-7216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ammonia (NH3) is an inorganic substance considered as a promising fuel for power sector decarbonization. As a result of the absence of carbon in its structure, ammonia is capable of producing energy with zero CO2 emissions when burned. However, the combustion of NH3 presents several challenges as a result of its low reactivity and low flame speed as well as the formation of large quantities of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and frequent ammonia slip. A suggested solution for gas turbines is the use of rich-to-lean approaches, with a fuel-rich first-stage combustion, which mitigates NOx formation, followed by a lean phase for the oxidation of the remaining reactants, improving combustion efficiency. To help assess this concept, the present work investigates experimentally and computationally the combustion of ammonia/air mixtures, enriched by hydrogen (H2) for enhanced burning characteristics, in a swirl and bluff-body stabilized burner, at stoichiometric to fuel-rich conditions. Stability tests were performed for a fixed thermal input (2.8 kW), and flames of fuel/air equivalence ratios of 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2, with molar fractions of ammonia in fuel of 0.7 and 0.8, were studied. Temperature profiles along the combustor axis were measured, and flue gas measurements for NOx emissions and unburned NH3 and H2 concentrations were performed for the six studied flames. Computational simulations were performed using a chemical reactor network coupled with recent kinetic mechanisms to compare species trends and further understand the NOx formation and NH3 conversion into hydrogen, through rate of production analyses. It was found that the present laboratory combustor performed well in terms of flame stability, also generating low levels of NOx emissions in all fuel-rich conditions. H2 was detected in high concentrations in the flue gas, partially originated from ammonia dissociation, and is followed by high unburned ammonia emissions. Both H2 and NH3 emissions increase with the equivalence ratio. A secondary, spontaneous diffusion flame was observed above the combustor, proving that the flue gas may subsequently be burned. Higher fractions of hydrogen in the fuel generate more unburned ammonia but also higher H2 concentrations in the flue gas. The predictions based on a reactor network model coupled with the evaluated kinetic mechanisms presented good agreement with the experimentally observed species trends and fair agreement with species values.
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| 10. |
- Poorter, Lourens, et al.
(författare)
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Functional recovery of secondary tropical forests
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 118:49, s. e2003405118-e2003405118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One-third of all Neotropical forests are secondary forests that regrow naturally after agricultural use through secondary succession. We need to understand better how and why succession varies across environmental gradients and broad geographic scales. Here, we analyze functional recovery using community data on seven plant characteristics (traits) of 1,016 forest plots from 30 chronosequence sites across the Neotropics. By analyzing communities in terms of their traits, we enhance understanding of the mechanisms of succession, assess ecosystem recovery, and use these insights to propose successful forest restoration strategies. Wet and dry forests diverged markedly for several traits that increase growth rate in wet forests but come at the expense of reduced drought tolerance, delay, or avoidance, which is important in seasonally dry forests. Dry and wet forests showed different successional pathways for several traits. In dry forests, species turnover is driven by drought tolerance traits that are important early in succession and in wet forests by shade tolerance traits that are important later in succession. In both forests, deciduous and compound-leaved trees decreased with forest age, probably because microclimatic conditions became less hot and dry. Our results suggest that climatic water availability drives functional recovery by influencing the start and trajectory of succession, resulting in a convergence of community trait values with forest age when vegetation cover builds up. Within plots, the range in functional trait values increased with age. Based on the observed successional trait changes, we indicate the consequences for carbon and nutrient cycling and propose an ecologically sound strategy to improve forest restoration success.
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| 11. |
- Amaral, Rita, et al.
(författare)
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Profiling Persistent Asthma Phenotypes in Adolescents : A Longitudinal Diagnostic Evaluation from the INSPIRERS Studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to identify persistent asthma phenotypes among adolescents and to evaluate longitudinally asthma-related outcomes across phenotypes. Adolescents (13-17 years) from the prospective, observational, and multicenter INSPIRERS studies, conducted in Portugal and Spain, were included (n = 162). Latent class analysis was applied to demographic, environmental, and clinical variables, collected at a baseline medical visit. Longitudinal differences in clinical variables were assessed at a 4-month follow-up telephone contact (n = 128). Three classes/phenotypes of persistent asthma were identified. Adolescents in class 1 (n = 87) were highly symptomatic at baseline and presented the highest number of unscheduled healthcare visits per month and exacerbations per month, both at baseline and follow-up. Class 2 (n = 32) was characterized by female predominance, more frequent obesity, and uncontrolled upper/lower airways symptoms at baseline. At follow-up, there was a significant increase in the proportion of controlled lower airway symptoms (p < 0.001). Class 3 (n = 43) included mostly males with controlled lower airways symptoms; at follow-up, while keeping symptom control, there was a significant increase in exacerbations/month (p = 0.015). We have identified distinct phenotypes of persistent asthma in adolescents with different patterns in longitudinal asthma-related outcomes, supporting the importance of profiling asthma phenotypes in predicting disease outcomes that might inform targeted interventions and reduce future risk.
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| 12. |
- Gurwitz, Kim T., et al.
(författare)
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A framework to assess the quality and impact of bioinformatics training across ELIXIR
- 2020
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Ingår i: PloS Computational Biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-734X .- 1553-7358. ; 16:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ELIXIR is a pan-European intergovernmental organisation for life science that aims to coordinate bioinformatics resources in a single infrastructure across Europe; bioinformatics training is central to its strategy, which aims to develop a training community that spans all ELIXIR member states. In an evidence-based approach for strengthening bioinformatics training programmes across Europe, the ELIXIR Training Platform, led by the ELIXIR EXCELERATE Quality and Impact Assessment Subtask in collaboration with the ELIXIR Training Coordinators Group, has implemented an assessment strategy to measure quality and impact of its entire training portfolio. Here, we present ELIXIR’s framework for assessing training quality and impact, which includes the following: specifying assessment aims, determining what data to collect in order to address these aims, and our strategy for centralised data collection to allow for ELIXIR-wide analyses. In addition, we present an overview of the ELIXIR training data collected over the past 4 years. We highlight the importance of a coordinated and consistent data collection approach and the relevance of defining specific metrics and answer scales for consortium-wide analyses as well as for comparison of data across iterations of the same course.
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| 13. |
- Magalhaes, Solange, et al.
(författare)
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Acacia Wood Fractionation Using Deep Eutectic Solvents : Extraction, Recovery, and Characterization of the Different Fractions
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACS Omega. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2470-1343. ; 7:30, s. 26005-26014
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The selective extraction and recovery of different lignocellulosic molecules of interest from forestry residues is increasing every day not only to satisfy the needs of driving a society toward more sustainable approaches and materials (rethinking waste as a valuable resource) but also because lignocellulosic molecules have several applications. For this purpose, the development of new sustainable and ecologically benign extraction approaches has grown significantly. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) appear as a promising alternative for the processing and manipulation of biomass. In the present study, a DES formed using choline chloride and levulinic acid (ChCl:LA) was studied to fractionate lignocellulosic residues of acacia wood (Acacia dealbata Link), an invasive species in Portugal. Different parameters, such as temperature and extraction time, were optimized to enhance the yield and purity of recovered cellulose and lignin fractions. DESs containing LA were found to be promising solvent systems, as the hydrogen bond donor was considered relevant in relation to lignin extraction and cellulose concentration. On the other hand, the increase in temperature and extraction time increases the amount of extracted material from biomass but affects the purity of lignin. The most promising DES system, ChCELA in a ratio of 1:3, was found to not significantly depolymerize the extracted lignin, which presented a similar molecular weight to a la-aft lignin. Additionally, the P-31 NMR results revealed that the extracted lignin has a high content of phenolic OH groups, which favor its reactivity. A mixture of ChCl:LA may be considered a fully renewable solvent, and the formed DES presents good potential to fractionate wood residues.
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| 14. |
- Oliveira, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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SiO$_x$ Patterned Based Substrates Implemented in Cu(In,Ga)Se$_2$ Ultrathin Solar Cells : Optimum Thickness
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2156-3381 .- 2156-3403. ; 12:4, s. 954-961
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interface recombination in sub-mu m optoelectronics has a major detrimental impact on devices' performance, showing the need for tailored passivation strategies to reach a technological boost. In this article, SiO$_x$ passivation based substrates were developed and integrated into ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se$_2$ (CIGS) solar cells. This article aims to understand the impact of a passivation strategy, which uses several SiO$_x$ layer thicknesses (3, 8, and 25 nm) integrated into high-performance substrates (HPS). The experimental study is complemented with 3-D lumerical finite-difference time-domain and 2-D Silvaco ATLAS optical and electrical simulations, respectively, to perform a decoupling of optical and electronic gains, allowing for a deep discussion on the impact of the SiO$_x$ layer thickness in the CIGS solar cell performance. This article shows that as the passivation layer thickness increases, a rise in parasitic losses is observed. Hence, a balance between beneficial passivation and optical effects with harmful architectural constraints defines a threshold thickness to attain the best solar cell performance. Analyzing their electrical parameters, the 8-nm novel SiO$_x$ based substrate achieved a light to power conversion efficiency value of 13.2%, a 1.3% absolute improvement over the conventional Mo substrate (without SiO$_x$).
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| 15. |
- Oliveira, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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SiOx patterned based substrates implemented in Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 ultrathin solar cells : optimum thickness
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE 48th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781665419222 ; , s. 928-930
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interface recombination in sub-mu m optoelectronic devices has a major harmful impact in devices performance, showing the need for tailored passivation strategies in order to reach a technological boost. In this work, SiOx based substrates were developed and integrated in ultrathin CIGS solar cells. This study aims at understanding the impact of several SiOx layer thicknesses (3, 8 and 25 nm) when this material is used as a passivation layer. Analysing their electrical parameters, the 8 nm novel SiOx based substrates achieved light to power conversion efficiency values up to 13.2 %, a 1.3 % absolute improvement over the conventional substrate (without SiOx).
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| 16. |
- Pedro, Joana Reis, et al.
(författare)
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Transient gain of function of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the control of frontocortical glucose consumption in a rat model of Type-1 diabetes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Brain Research Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0361-9230. ; 161, s. 106-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we aimed to unify some previous controversial reports on changes in both cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) expression and glucose metabolism in the forebrain of rodent models of diabetes. We determined how glucose metabolism and its modulation by CB1R ligands evolve in the frontal cortex of young adult male Wistar rats, in the first 8 weeks of streptozotocin-induced type-1 diabetes (T1D). We report that frontocortical CB1R protein density was biphasically altered in the first month of T1D, which was accompanied with a reduction of resting glucose uptake ex vivo in acute frontocortical slices that was normalized after eight weeks in T1D. This early reduction of glucose uptake in slices was also restored by ex vivo treatment with both the non-selective CB1R agonists, WIN55212−2 (500 nM) and the CB1R-selective agonist, ACEA (3 μM) while it was exacerbated by the CB1R-selective antagonist, O-2050 (500 nM). These results suggest a gain-of-function for the cerebrocortical CB1Rs in the control of glucose uptake in diabetes. Although insulin and IGF-1 receptor protein densities remained unaffected, phosphorylated GSKα and GSKβ levels showed different profiles 2 and 8 weeks after T1D induction in the frontal cortex. Altogether, the biphasic response in frontocortical CB1R density within a month after T1D induction resolves previous controversial reports on forebrain CB1R levels in T1D rodent models. Furthermore, this study also hints that cannabinoids may be useful to alleviate impaired glucoregulation in the diabetic cortex.
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| 17. |
- Rocha, Elerson Matos, et al.
(författare)
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Culturable bacteria associated with Anopheles darlingi and their paratransgenesis potential
- 2021
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Ingår i: Malaria Journal. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1475-2875. ; 20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Malaria remains a major public health problem in South America, mostly in the Amazon region. Among newly proposed ways of controlling malaria transmission to humans, paratransgenesis is a promising alternative. Paratransgenesis aims to inhibit the development of parasites within the vector through the action of genetically modified bacteria. The first step towards successful paratransgenesis in the Amazon is the identification of Anopheles darlingi symbiotic bacteria, which are transmitted vertically among mosquitoes, and are not pathogenic to humans.Methods: Culturable bacteria associated with An. darlingi and their breeding sites were isolated by conventional microbiological techniques. Isolated strains were transformed with a GFP expressing plasmid, pSPT-1-GFP, and reintroduced in mosquitoes by feeding. Their survival and persistence in the next generation was assessed by the isolation of fluorescent bacteria from eggs, larvae, pupae and adult homogenates.Results: A total of 179 bacterial strains were isolated from samples from two locations, Coari and Manaus. The predominant genera identified in this study were Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Serratia, Bacillus, Elizabethkingia, Stenotrophomonas and Pantoea. Two isolated strains, Serratia-Adu40 and Pantoea-Ovo3, were successfully transformed with the pSPT-1-GFP plasmid and expressed GFP. The fluorescent bacteria fed to adult females were transferred to their eggs, which persisted in larvae and throughout metamorphosis, and were detected in adult mosquitoes of the next generation.Conclusion: Serratia-Adu40 and Pantoea-Ovo3 are promising candidates for paratransgenesis in An. darlingi. Further research is needed to determine if these bacteria are vertically transferred in nature.
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| 18. |
- Simoes Cunha, Mafalda, et al.
(författare)
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Symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with persistent asthma : a cross-sectional analysis of the INSPIRERS studies
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 13:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesAnxiety and depression are relevant comorbidities in asthma, but, in Portugal and Spain, data on this topic are scarce. We assessed, in patients with asthma, the frequency of anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the European Quality of Life Five Dimension Questionnaire (EQ-5D); the level of agreement between these questionnaires, and the factors associated with these symptoms.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of the INSPIRERS studies. A total of 614 adolescents and adults with persistent asthma (32.6 +/- 16.9 years, 64.7% female) were recruited from 30 primary care centres and 32 allergy, pulmonology and paediatric clinics. Demographic and clinical characteristics, HADS and EQ-5D were collected. A score >= 8 on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety/Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression or a positive answer to EQ-5D item 5 indicated the presence of these symptoms. Agreement was determined by Cohen's kappa. Two multivariable logistic regressions were built.ResultsAccording to HADS, 36% of the participants had symptoms of anxiety and 12% of depression. According to EQ-5D, 36% of the participants had anxiety/depression. The agreement between questionnaires in identifying anxiety/depression was moderate (k=0.55, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.62). Late asthma diagnosis, comorbidities and female gender were predictors of anxiety/depression, while better asthma control, health-related quality of life and perception of health were associated with lower odds for anxiety/depression.ConclusionAt least 1/3 of the patients with persistent asthma experience symptoms of anxiety/depression, showing the relevance of screening these disorders in patients with asthma. EQ-5D and HADS questionnaires showed a moderate agreement in the identification of anxiety/depression symptoms. The identified associated factors need to be further investigated in long-term studies.
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