| 1. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- de Rojas, I., et al.
(författare)
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Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic discoveries of Alzheimer’s disease are the drivers of our understanding, and together with polygenetic risk stratification can contribute towards planning of feasible and efficient preventive and curative clinical trials. We first perform a large genetic association study by merging all available case-control datasets and by-proxy study results (discovery n = 409,435 and validation size n = 58,190). Here, we add six variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease risk (near APP, CHRNE, PRKD3/NDUFAF7, PLCG2 and two exonic variants in the SHARPIN gene). Assessment of the polygenic risk score and stratifying by APOE reveal a 4 to 5.5 years difference in median age at onset of Alzheimer’s disease patients in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Because of this study, the underlying mechanisms of APP can be studied to refine the amyloid cascade and the polygenic risk score provides a tool to select individuals at high risk of Alzheimer’s disease. © 2021, The Author(s).
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| 6. |
- Bellenguez, C, et al.
(författare)
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New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 54:4, s. 412-436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/‘proxy’ AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele.
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| 8. |
- Apponi, A., et al.
(författare)
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Heisenberg's uncertainty principle in the PTOLEMY project : A theory update
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - : American Physical Society. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 106:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss the consequences of the quantum uncertainty on the spectrum of the electron emitted by the beta-processes of a tritium atom bound to a graphene sheet. We analyze quantitatively the issue recently raised by Cheipesh, Cheianov, and Boyarsky [Phys. Rev. D 104, 116004 (2021)], and discuss the relevant timescales and the degrees of freedom that can contribute to the intrinsic spread in the electron energy. We perform careful calculations of the potential between tritium and graphene with different coverages and geometries. With this at hand, we propose possible avenues to mitigate the effect of the quantum uncertainty.
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| 9. |
- Apponi, A., et al.
(författare)
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Implementation and optimization of the PTOLEMY transverse drift electromagnetic filter
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 1748-0221. ; 17:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PTOLEMY transverse drift filter is a new concept to enable precision analysis of the energy spectrum of electrons near the tritium beta-decay endpoint. This paper details the implementation and optimization methods for successful operation of the filter for electrons with a known pitch angle. We present the first demonstrator that produces the required magnetic field properties with an iron return-flux magnet. Two methods for the setting of filter electrode voltages are detailed. The challenges of low-energy electron transport in cases of low field are discussed, such as the growth of the cyclotron radius with decreasing magnetic field, which puts a ceiling on filter performance relative to fixed filter dimensions. Additionally, low pitch angle trajectories are dominated by motion parallel to the magnetic field lines and introduce non-adiabatic conditions and curvature drift. To minimize these effects and maximize electron acceptance into the filter, we present a three-potential-well design to simultaneously drain the parallel and transverse kinetic energies throughout the length of the filter. These optimizations are shown, in simulation, to achieve low-energy electron transport from a 1 T iron core (or 3 T superconducting) starting field with initial kinetic energy of 18.6 keV drained to < 10 eV (< 1 eV) in about 80 cm. This result for low field operation paves the way for the first demonstrator of the PTOLEMY spectrometer for measurement of electrons near the tritium endpoint to be constructed at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS) in Italy.
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| 10. |
- Beumer, B. R., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of muscle mass on survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation beyond the Milan criteria
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. - : Wiley. - 2190-5991 .- 2190-6009. ; 13:5, s. 2373-2382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Access to the liver transplant waitlist for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) depends on tumour presentation, biology, and response to treatments. The Milan Criteria (MC) represent the benchmark for expanded criteria that incorporate additional prognostic factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the added value of skeletal muscle index (SMI) in HCC patients beyond the MC. Method: Patients with HCC that were transplanted beyond the MC were included in this retrospective multicentre study. SMI was quantified using the Computed Tomography (CT) within 3months prior to transplantation. Cox regression models were used to identify predictors of overall survival (OS). The discriminative performance of SMI extended Metroticket 2.0 and AFP models was also assessed. Results: Out of 889 patients transplanted outside the MC, 528 had a CT scan within 3months prior to liver transplantation (LT), of whom 176 (33%) were classified as sarcopenic. The median time between assessment of the SMI and LT was 1.8months (IQR: 0.77–2.67). The median follow-up period was 5.1 95% CI [4.7–5.5] years, with a total of 177 recorded deaths from any cause. In a linear regression model with SMI as the dependent variable, only male gender (8.55 95% CI [6.51–10.59], P<0.001) and body mass index (0.74 95% CI [0.59–0.89], P<0.001) were significant. Univariable survival analysis of patients with sarcopenia versus patients without sarcopenia showed a significant difference in OS (HR 1.44 95% CI [1.07−1.94], P=0.018). Also the SMI was significant (HR 0.98 95% CI [0.96–0.99], P=0.014). The survival difference between the lowest SMI quartile versus the highest SMI quartile was significant (log-rank: P=0.005) with 5year OS of 57% and 71%, respectively. Data from 423 patients, describing 139 deaths, was used for multivariate analysis. Both sarcopenia (HR 1.45 95% CI [1.02−2.05], P=0.036) and SMI were (HR 0.98 95% CI [0.95–0.99], P=0.035) significant. On the survival scale this translates to a 5year OS difference of 11% between sarcopenia and no sarcopenia. Whereas for SMI, this translates to a survival difference of 8% between first and third quartiles for both genders. Conclusions: Overall, we can conclude that higher muscle mass contributes to a better long-term survival. However, for individual patients, low muscle mass should not be considered an absolute contra-indication for LT as its discriminatory performance was limited.
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| 11. |
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| 15. |
- Beniczky, S., et al.
(författare)
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Interrater agreement on classification of photoparoxysmal electroencephalographic response
- 2020
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Ingår i: Epilepsia. - : Wiley. - 0013-9580 .- 1528-1167. ; 61:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our goal was to assess the interrater agreement (IRA) of photoparoxysmal response (PPR) using the classification proposed by a task force of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), and a simplified classification system proposed by our group. In addition, we evaluated IRA of epileptiform discharges (EDs) and the diagnostic significance of the electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities. We used EEG recordings from the European Reference Network (EpiCARE) and Standardized Computer-based Organized Reporting of EEG (SCORE). Six raters independently scored EEG recordings from 30 patients. We calculated the agreement coefficient (AC) for each feature. IRA of PPR using the classification proposed by the ILAE task force was only fair (AC = 0.38). This improved to a moderate agreement by using the simplified classification (AC = 0.56;P = .004). IRA of EDs was almost perfect (AC = 0.98), and IRA of scoring the diagnostic significance was moderate (AC = 0.51). Our results suggest that the simplified classification of the PPR is suitable for implementation in clinical practice.
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| 16. |
- Coggi, D, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between Circulating PCSK9 and Markers of Subclinical Atherosclerosis-The IMPROVE Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biomedicines. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9059. ; 9:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- (1) Background and purpose: circulating proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is one of the key regulators of cholesterol metabolism. Despite this, its role as a player in atherosclerosis development is still matter of debate. Here, we investigated the relationships between this protein and several markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. (2) Methods: the IMPROVE study enrolled 3703 European subjects (54–79 years; 48% men; with ≥3 vascular risk factors), asymptomatic for cardiovascular diseases. PCSK9 levels were measured by ELISA. B-mode ultrasound was used to measure markers of carotid subclinical atherosclerosis. (3) Results: in the crude analysis, PCSK9 levels were associated with several baseline measures of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) (all p < 0.0001); with cIMT change over time (Fastest-IMTmax-progr) (p = 0.01); with inter-adventitia common carotid artery diameter (ICCAD) (p < 0.0001); and with the echolucency (Grey Scale Median; GSM) of both carotid plaque and plaque-free common carotid IMT (both p < 0.0001). However, after adjustment for age, sex, latitude, and pharmacological treatment, all the afore-mentioned correlations were no longer statistically significant. The lack of correlation was also observed after stratification for sex, latitude, and pharmacological treatments. (4) Conclusions: in subjects who are asymptomatic for cardiovascular diseases, PCSK9 plasma levels do not correlate with vascular damage and/or subclinical atherosclerosis of extracranial carotid arteries.
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| 17. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Vermeulen, Bram D., et al.
(författare)
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Early diagnosis is associated with improved clinical outcomes in benign esophageal perforation : an individual patient data meta-analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Surgical Endoscopy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0930-2794 .- 1432-2218. ; 35:7, s. 3492-3505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Time of diagnosis (TOD) of benign esophageal perforation is regarded as an important risk factor for clinical outcome, although convincing evidence is lacking. The aim of this study is to assess whether time between onset of perforation and diagnosis is associated with clinical outcome in patients with iatrogenic esophageal perforation (IEP) and Boerhaave’s syndrome (BS). Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane library through June 2018 to identify studies. Authors were invited to share individual patient data and a meta-analysis was performed (PROSPERO: CRD42018093473). Patients were subdivided in early (≤ 24 h) and late (> 24 h) TOD and compared with mixed effects multivariable analysis while adjusting age, gender, location of perforation, initial treatment and center. Primary outcome was overall mortality. Secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay, re-interventions and ICU admission. Results: Our meta-analysis included IPD of 25 studies including 576 patients with IEP and 384 with BS. In IEP, early TOD was not associated with overall mortality (8% vs. 13%, OR 2.1, 95% CI 0.8–5.1), but was associated with a 23% decrease in ICU admissions (46% vs. 69%, OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.2–7.2), a 22% decrease in re-interventions (23% vs. 45%, OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.2–6.7) and a 36% decrease in length of hospital stay (14 vs. 22 days, p < 0.001), compared with late TOD. In BS, no associations between TOD and outcomes were found. When combining IEP and BS, early TOD was associated with a 6% decrease in overall mortality (10% vs. 16%, OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–3.9), a 19% decrease in re-interventions (26% vs. 45%, OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.2) and a 35% decrease in mean length of hospital stay (16 vs. 22 days, p = 0.001), compared with late TOD. Conclusions: This individual patient data meta-analysis confirms the general opinion that an early (≤ 24 h) compared to a late diagnosis (> 24 h) in benign esophageal perforations, particularly in IEP, is associated with improved clinical outcome.
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| 23. |
- Barile, G., et al.
(författare)
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Automatic Differential Capacitive Sensing by Means of Linear Interface
- 2020
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Ingår i: Lect. Notes Electr. Eng.. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030375577 ; , s. 131-135
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we present the development of an integrated CMOS analog interface able to convert differential capacitive sensors variations into a DC voltage. The presented circuit is based on autobalancing bridge techniques improving its performances through the linearization of the input/output characteristic and the achievement of the full-range sensor variations capability. Comparison between theoretical and measured interface static behaviour results are reported. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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| 24. |
- Chowdhary, N, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing the Risk of Cognitive Decline and Dementia: WHO Recommendations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in neurology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-2295. ; 12, s. 765584-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With population ageing worldwide, dementia poses one of the greatest global challenges for health and social care in the 21st century. In 2019, around 55 million people were affected by dementia, with the majority living in low- and middle-income countries. Dementia leads to increased costs for governments, communities, families and individuals. Dementia is overwhelming for the family and caregivers of the person with dementia, who are the cornerstone of care and support systems throughout the world. To assist countries in addressing the global burden of dementia, the World Health Organisation (WHO) developed the Global Action Plan on the Public Health Response to Dementia 2017–2025. It proposes actions to be taken by governments, civil society, and other global and regional partners across seven action areas, one of which is dementia risk reduction. This paper is based on WHO Guidelines on risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia and presents recommendations on evidence-based, multisectoral interventions for reducing dementia risks, considerations for their implementation and policy actions. These global evidence-informed recommendations were developed by WHO, following a rigorous guideline development methodology and involved a panel of academicians and clinicians with multidisciplinary expertise and representing geographical diversity. The recommendations are considered under three broad headings: lifestyle and behaviour interventions, interventions for physical health conditions and specific interventions. By supporting health and social care professionals, particularly by improving their capacity to provide gender and culturally appropriate interventions to the general population, the risk of developing dementia can be potentially reduced, or its progression delayed.
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| 25. |
- Depari, A., et al.
(författare)
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Simple and power efficient interface for AC-excited differential sensors
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728144603
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Capacitive sensors are low-cost and robust devices that can be easily scaled to very small sizes, thus making them suitable for implementation as a micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS). Differential arrangements of the sensors are also available, providing improved rejection of common mode interference. Due to their nature, an AC (sinusoidal) excitation signal is usually adopted. Various types of front-end circuits have been proposed in the past, exploiting different techniques such as conversion of capacitance to current or frequency or analog-to-digital conversion and adopting different approaches, such as full analog or full digital architectures. This paper proposes a digital and microcontroller-based system for AC-excited differential sensors aiming at minimizing cost and power needs, in sight of future large volume applications as for Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. A proof of concept implementation has been realized and experimentally validated, obtaining a relative error in the measurand estimation on the order of 1%, when the parasitic effects can be neglected. © 2020 IEEE.
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| 28. |
- Ferri, F., et al.
(författare)
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The Propensity of the Human Liver to Form Large Lipid Droplets Is Associated with PNPLA3 Polymorphism, Reduced INSIG1 and NPC1L1 Expression and Increased Fibrogenetic Capacity
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 22:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In nonalcoholic steatohepatitis animal models, an increased lipid droplet size in hepatocytes is associated with fibrogenesis. Hepatocytes with large droplet (Ld-MaS) or small droplet (Sd-MaS) macrovesicular steatosis may coexist in the human liver, but the factors associated with the predominance of one type over the other, including hepatic fibrogenic capacity, are unknown. In pre-ischemic liver biopsies from 225 consecutive liver transplant donors, we retrospectively counted hepatocytes with Ld-MaS and Sd-MaS and defined the predominant type of steatosis as involving >= 50% of steatotic hepatocytes. We analyzed a donor Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 polymorphism, hepatic expression of proteins involved in lipid metabolism by RT-PCR, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation by alpha-SMA immunohistochemistry and, one year after transplantation, histological progression of fibrosis due to Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) recurrence. Seventy-four livers had no steatosis, and there were 98 and 53 with predominant Ld-MaS and Sd-MaS, respectively. In linear regression models, adjusted for many donor variables, the percentage of steatotic hepatocytes affected by Ld-MaS was inversely associated with hepatic expression of Insulin Induced Gene 1 (INSIG-1) and Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 gene (NPC1L1) and directly with donor PNPLA3 variant M, HSC activation and progression of post-transplant fibrosis. In humans, Ld-MaS formation by hepatocytes is associated with abnormal PNPLA3-mediated lipolysis, downregulation of both the intracellular cholesterol sensor and cholesterol reabsorption from bile and increased hepatic fibrogenesis.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Moore, Amy, et al.
(författare)
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Genetically Determined Height and Risk of Non-hodgkin Lymphoma
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Oncology. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 2234-943X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the evidence is not consistent, epidemiologic studies have suggested that taller adult height may be associated with an increased risk of some non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtypes. Height is largely determined by genetic factors, but how these genetic factors may contribute to NHL risk is unknown. We investigated the relationship between genetic determinants of height and NHL risk using data from eight genome-wide association studies (GWAS) comprising 10,629 NHL cases, including 3,857 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 2,847 follicular lymphoma (FL), 3,100 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and 825 marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) cases, and 9,505 controls of European ancestry. We evaluated genetically predicted height by constructing polygenic risk scores using 833 height-associated SNPs. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for association between genetically determined height and the risk of four NHL subtypes in each GWAS and then used fixed-effect meta-analysis to combine subtype results across studies. We found suggestive evidence between taller genetically determined height and increased CLL risk (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.00-1.17, p = 0.049), which was slightly stronger among women (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01-1.31, p = 0.036). No significant associations were observed with DLBCL, FL, or MZL. Our findings suggest that there may be some shared genetic factors between CLL and height, but other endogenous or environmental factors may underlie reported epidemiologic height associations with other subtypes.
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| 34. |
- Sisinni, Emiliano, et al.
(författare)
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Full-Analog Parasitic Capacitance Compensation for AC-Excited Differential Sensors
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 0018-9456 .- 1557-9662. ; 69:8, s. 5890-5899
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Capacitive sensors are popular, especially due to the possibility to be integrated together with the readout circuit. In particular, differential implementations are intrinsically insensitive to common-mode noise. Unfortunately, stray capacitances can significantly alter the sensor output value, worsening the performance. This article proposes a novel solution based on an autotuning feedback loop to compensate for parasitic effects, thus preserving measurement performance. In particular, a voltage-controlled negative impedance converter is driven by a feedback loop, in order to control the current flowing in the sensor. The proposed solution can work with the both linear and hyperbolic type of sensors and with any voltage-mode sensor interfaces. An experimental setup, comprising the proposed compensating circuit, a De-Sauty bridge-based sensor front end and an emulated sensor, has been arranged to evaluate obtainable performance. Results show that the linearity error is decreased from more than 10%, without compensation, to less than 1%, when the proposed system is applied. © 1963-2012 IEEE.
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| 37. |
- Checchia, Stefano, et al.
(författare)
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Pd-LaFeO3 Catalysts in Aqueous Ethanol : Pd Reduction, Leaching, and Structural Transformations in the Presence of a Base
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Catalysis. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2155-5435. ; 10:6, s. 3933-3944
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reactive behavior of three catalysts based on Pd-loaded LaFeO3 was investigated in terms of the reducibility of Pd and its propensity to leaching into the liquid phase in flowing solutions prototypical of C-C coupling catalysis in a continuous flow reactor cell. In situ quick extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy showed that Pd remains stable and nonreducible in the flowing ethanol/water solvent mixture under heating to 353 K. However, ex situ transmission electron microscopy, high-energy X-ray diffraction, and fluorescence yield Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure show that the addition of a significant amount of base (K2CO3, 0.1 M) results in the structural degradation of the perovskite support as well as the mobilization of Pd along the sample bed that is dependent on the structure and crystallite size of the perovskite. The results are discussed in terms of the use of perovskite-type oxides in various areas of research where they are placed in contact with liquid phases of variable temperature and elevated pH.
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| 38. |
- Chidambaram, Swathikan, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying a core symptom set triggering radiological and endoscopic investigations for suspected recurrent esophago-gastric cancer : a modified Delphi consensus process
- 2023
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Ingår i: Diseases of the esophagus. - : Oxford University Press. - 1120-8694 .- 1442-2050. ; 36:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is currently a lack of evidence-based guidelines regarding surveillance for recurrence after esophageal and gastric (OG) cancer surgical resection, and which symptoms should prompt endoscopic or radiological investigations for recurrence. The aim of this study was to develop a core symptom set using a modified Delphi consensus process that should guide clinicians to carry out investigations to look for suspected recurrent OG cancer in previously asymptomatic patients.METHODS: A web-based survey of 42 questions was sent to surgeons performing OG cancer resections at high volume centers. The first section evaluated the structure of follow-up and the second, determinants of follow-up. Two rounds of a modified Delphi consensus process and a further consensus workshop were used to determine symptoms warranting further investigations. Symptoms with a 75% consensus agreement as suggestive of recurrent cancer were included in the core symptom set.RESULTS: 27 surgeons completed the questionnaires. A total of 70.3% of centers reported standardized surveillance protocols, whereas 3.7% of surgeons did not undertake any surveillance in asymptomatic patients after OG cancer resection. In asymptomatic patients, 40.1% and 25.9% of centers performed routine imaging and endoscopy, respectively. The core set that reached consensus, consisted of eight symptoms that warranted further investigations included; dysphagia to solid food, dysphagia to liquids, vomiting, abdominal pain, chest pain, regurgitation of foods, unexpected weight loss and progressive hoarseness of voice.CONCLUSION: There is global variation in monitoring patients after OG cancer resection. Eight symptoms were identified by the consensus process as important in prompting radiological or endoscopic investigation for suspected recurrent malignancy. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to link surveillance strategies to survival outcomes and evaluate prognostic value.
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| 41. |
- Ferri, Julien, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Enhancement of laser-driven ion acceleration in non-periodic nanostructured targets
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Plasma Physics. - 0022-3778 .- 1469-7807. ; 86:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using particle-in-cell simulations, we demonstrate an improvement of the target-normal-sheath acceleration (TNSA) of protons in non-periodically nanostructured targets with micron-scale thickness. Compared to standard flat foils, an increase in the proton cutoff energy by up to a factor of two is observed in foils coated with nanocones or perforated with nanoholes. The latter nano-perforated foils yield the highest enhancement, which we show to be robust over a broad range of foil thicknesses and hole diameters. The improvement of TNSA performance results from more efficient hot-electron generation, caused by a more complex laser-electron interaction geometry and increased effective interaction area and duration. We show that TNSA is optimized for a nanohole distribution of relatively low areal density and that is not required to be periodic, thus relaxing the manufacturing constraints.
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| 43. |
- Morozzi, P., et al.
(författare)
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Chemiluminescent fingerprints from airborne particulate matter: A luminol-based assay for the characterization of oxidative potential with kinetical implications
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697. ; 789
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a new chemiluminescent method based on the dependence of luminol light emission induced by free radicals in airborne particulate matter (PM) is proposed as a screening assay for the rapid characterization of samples from different sources based on their redox properties. This parameter is considered critical for assessing particulate matter toxicity and its impacts on human health. We propose a cell-free, luminescent assay to evaluate the redox potential of particulate matter directly on the filters employed to collect it. A joint chemometric approach based on Principal Component Analysis and Hotelling Analysis was applied to quickly sort out ambient particulate samples with a significantly different light emission profile caused by Luminol reaction. Based on Spearman correlation analysis, the association of the samples light emission intensity with their chemical composition and emission sources was attempted. The overall methodology was tested with certified reference materials and applied to two series of particulate matter samples previously subjected to thorough chemical speciation and subsequent source apportionment. The results show the effectiveness of the luminescent method, allowing the quick assessment of particulate matter oxidative potential, but providing further evidence on the complexity of the oxidative potential determination in this kind of samples. The chemometric processing of the whole dataset clearly highlights the distinct behavior among the two series of samples, the certificate standard reference materials, and the blank controls, supporting the suitability of the approach. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 46. |
- Traversi, L, et al.
(författare)
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ROSE: radiology, obstruction, symptoms and exposure - a Delphi consensus definition of the association of COPD and bronchiectasis by the EMBARC Airways Working Group
- 2021
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Ingår i: ERJ open research. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 2312-0541. ; 7:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The coexistence of COPD and bronchiectasis seems to be common and associated with a worse prognosis than for either disease individually. However, no definition of this association exists to guide researchers and clinicians.MethodsWe conducted a Delphi survey involving expert pulmonologists and radiologists from Europe, Turkey and Israel in order to define the “COPD– [bronchiectasis] BE association”.A panel of 16 experts from EMBARC selected 35 statements for the survey after reviewing scientific literature. Invited participants, selected on the basis of expertise, geographical and sex distribution, were asked to express agreement on the statements. Consensus was defined as a score of ≥6 points (scale 0 to 9) in ≥70% of answers across two scoring rounds.Results102 (72.3%) out of 141 invited experts participated in the first round. Their response rate in the second round was 81%. The final consensus definition of “COPD–BE association” was: “The coexistence of (1) specific radiological findings (abnormal bronchial dilatation, airways visible within 1 cm of pleura and/or lack of tapering sign in ≥1 pulmonary segment and in >1 lobe) with (2) an obstructive pattern on spirometry ([forced expiratory volume in 1 s] FEV1/[forced vital capacity] FVC <0.7), (3) at least two characteristic symptoms (cough, expectoration, dyspnoea, fatigue, frequent infections) and (4) current or past exposure to smoke (≥10 pack-years) or other toxic agents (biomass, etc.)”. These criteria form the acronym “ROSE” (Radiology, Obstruction, Symptoms, Exposure).ConclusionsThe Delphi process formulated a European consensus definition of “COPD–BE association”. We hope this definition will have broad applicability across clinical practice and research in the future.
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