| 1. |
- Davis, Deborah W, et al.
(författare)
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The Louisville Twin Study : Past, Present and Future.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Twin Research and Human Genetics. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1832-4274 .- 1839-2628. ; 22, s. 735-740
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Louisville Twin Study (LTS) is nationally recognized as one of the largest and most comprehensive studies of child development related to multiple birth status. The LTS is unique because of the extensive longitudinal face-to-face assessments, the frequency of data collection, the inclusion of data on additional family members (i.e., parents, siblings, grandparents; and later, twins' own spouses and children), and the variety of data collection methods used. Data preservation efforts began in 2008 and are largely complete, although efforts are ongoing to obtain funding to convert the electronic data to a newer format. A pilot study was completed in the summer of 2018 to bring the twins, who are now middle-aged, back for testing. A grant is currently under review to extend the pilot study to include all former participants who are now ≥40 years of age. Opportunities for collaboration are welcome.
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| 2. |
- Duggan, E. C., et al.
(författare)
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A Multi-study Coordinated Meta-analysis of Pulmonary Function and Cognition in Aging
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journals of Gerontology Series a-Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 74:11, s. 1793-1804
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Substantial research is dedicated to understanding the aging-related dynamics among Methods: We performed coordinated analysis of bivariate growth models in data from 20,586 Results: We found consistent but weak baseline and longitudinal associations in levels of pulmonary Conclusions: Results provide limited evidence for a consistent link between simultaneous changes in
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| 3. |
- Ernsth-Bravell, Marie, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Cohort differences in longitudinal change in functional ability
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Quality of life in late adulthood is a function of physical, emotional, and intellectual health, and maintenance of functional ability is central to sustaining independent living. Generational differences in health behaviors and health care may result in differences in how functional ability changes with age. Cohort differences in rates of decline would provide support for environmental or behavioral influences on aging of physical functioning.Method: Twenty assessments of functional ability were collected as part of the longitudinal Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging from twins aged 50–88 at the first wave. Participants completed up to 7 assessments covering a 21-year period. Factor analysis was used to create 3 factors: flexibility, fine motor skills, and balance. Individuals born 1900-1924 (N=441) were compared with individuals born 1925-1948 (N=418).Results: Latent growth curve modeling incorporating two linear slopes was used to compare rates of decline between the two cohorts. For the early born cohort, slopes assessed change from 60-80 (slope 1) and 80-95 (slope 2); for the later born cohort, slopes assessed changes from 50-60 and 60-80. The balance and flexibility factors showed equivalent increase in difficulty in functioning in the overlapping age range (age 60-80); however, difficulties in fine motor skills increased faster in the later born cohort in that age range.Conclusions: Cohort differences in experiences have modest impact on increases in difficulty in physical functioning; generally, aging of physical functioning is occurring at the same pace for two distinct cohorts, providing support for internal mechanisms of decline.
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| 4. |
- Ernsth Bravell, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Motor functioning differentially predicts mortality in men and women
- 2017
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Ingår i: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 72, s. 6-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionResearch indicates gender differences in functional performance at advanced ages, but little is known about their impact on longevity for men and women.ObjectiveTo derive a set of motor function factors from a battery of functional performance measures and examine their associations with mortality, incorporating possible gender interactions.MethodAnalyses were performed on the longitudinal Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA) including twenty-four assessments of motor function up to six times over a 19-year period. Three motor factors were derived from several factor analyses; fine motor, balance/upper strength, and flexibility. A latent growth curve model was used to capture longitudinal age changes in the motor factors and generated estimates of intercept at age 70 (I), rates of change before (S1) and after age 70 (S2) for each factor. Cox regression models were used to determine how gender in interaction with the motor factors was related to mortality.ResultsFemales demonstrated lower functional performance in all motor functions relative to men. Cox regression survival analyses demonstrated that both balance/upper strength, and fine motor function were significantly related to mortality. Gender specific analyses revealed that this was true for women only. For men, none of the motor factors were related to mortality.ConclusionWomen demonstrated more difficulties in all functioning facets, and only among women were motor functioning (balance/upper strength and fine motor function) associated with mortality. These results provide evidence for the importance of considering motor functioning, and foremost observed gender differences when planning for individualized treatment and rehabilitation.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Finkel, Deborah, et al.
(författare)
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Cohort By Education Differences In Longitudinal Change In Functional Ability
- 2018
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Ingår i: Innovation in Aging. - : Oxford University Press. - 2399-5300. ; 2:suppl_1, s. 477-477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quality of life in late adulthood is a function of physical, emotional, and intellectual health, and maintenance of functional ability is central to sustaining independent living. Generational differences in health behaviors and health care may result in differences in how functional ability changes with age. Twenty assessments of functional ability were collected as part of the longitudinal Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging from twins aged 50–88 at the first wave. Participants completed up to 9 assessments covering a 26-year period. Factor analysis was used to create 3 factors: flexibility, fine motor skills, and balance. Individuals born 1900–1924 (N=441) were compared with individuals born 1925–1948 (N=418). Latent growth curve modeling indicated accelerating changes with age for all 3 factors in both cohorts, but difficulties in motor function increased at a significantly slower pace in the later born cohort. Education was added to the LGCM as an indicator of socio-economic conditions: lower education (elementary school) vs. higher education. Sixty-nine percent of the earlier born cohort and 50% of the later born cohort had only elementary school education. Adding education to the LGCM had no impact on rates of change in the early born cohort. In the later born cohort, however, individuals with less education had the same aging trajectories as the earlier born cohort. That is, only later born individuals with higher educational achievement showed the slower rate of aging of functional abilities. Results demonstrate the SES distinction in the impact of health improvements over the 20th century.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Finkel, Deborah, et al.
(författare)
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Financial strain moderates genetic influences on self-reported health : Support for social compensation model
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The existence of genetic influences on both health and SES attainment suggests that GE interplay plays a role in SES-health associations. Adverse environments raise the risk of disease for everyone, but various models of GE interplay predict that some genotypes are more vulnerable to adversity than others (diathesis-stress), enriched environments prevent the expression of an underlying genetic vulnerability (social compensation), or genetic factors are minimized in adverse environments and maximized in favorable ones (social enhancement). Differential susceptibility models propose that specific genotypes might be more responsive to the social environment at both positive and negative extremes. Nine of the 15 twin studies of adult development and aging that are part of the IGEMS consortium included items assessing financial strain as well as subjective health, representing 10,756 individuals. The sample was 55% women, included 3185 MZ twins and 5228 DZ twins, and age ranged from 24 to 98. A factor model was used to create a harmonized measure of financial strain across studies and items: extent to which money covers needs, difficulty in paying monthly bills, economic situation compared to others, and whether there is money for extras. Twin analysis of genetic and environmental variance for self-rated health incorporating age and financial strain as continuous moderators and sex as a dichotomous moderator indicated significant financial strain moderation of genetic influences on self-rated health. Genetic variance increased as financial strain increased, matching the predictions of the diathesis-stress and social comparison models for components of variance.
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| 10. |
- Finkel, Deborah, et al.
(författare)
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Functional Aging Index Complements Frailty in Prediction of Entry into Care and Mortality.
- 2019
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - : Oxford University Press. - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 74:12, s. 1980-1986
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim was to develop a functional aging index (FAI) that taps four body systems: sensory (vision and hearing), pulmonary, strength (grip strength), and movement/balance (gait speed) and to test the predictive value of FAI for entry into care and mortality.METHOD: Growth curve models and cox regression models were applied to data from 1695 individuals from three Swedish longitudinal studies of aging. Participants were aged 45 to 93 at intake and data from up to 8 follow-up waves were available.RESULTS: The rate of change in FAI was twice as fast after age 75 as before, women demonstrated higher mean FAI, but no sex differences in rates of change with chronological age were identified. FAI predicted entry into care and mortality, even when chronological age and a frailty index were included in the models. Hazard ratios indicated FAI was a more important predictor of entry into care for men than women; whereas it was a stronger predictor of mortality for men than women.CONCLUSIONS: Measures of biological aging and functional aging differ in their predictive value for entry into care and mortality for men and women, suggesting that both are necessary for a complete picture of the aging process across genders.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Finkel, Deborah, et al.
(författare)
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Gender Differences in Longitudinal Trajectories of Change in Physical, Social, and Cognitive/Sedentary Leisure Activities
- 2018
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences. - : Oxford University Press. - 1079-5014 .- 1758-5368. ; 73:8, s. 1491-1500
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: We examined changes in participation in cognitive, social, and physical leisure activities across middle and older adulthood and tested moderation of trajectories of change in participation by gender.Method: In all, 1,398 participants in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA) completed a 7-item leisure activity questionnaire up to 4 times over 17 years. Mean baseline age was 64.9 years (range = 36-91); 59% were women. Factor analysis identifed physical, social, and cognitive/sedentary leisure activity participation factors. Age-based latent growth curve models adjusted for marital status, gender, education, depressive symptoms, and physical health were used.Results: Overall, results indicated stability in social activities, increase in cognitive/sedentary activities, and decrease in physical activities, as well as accelerated decline in all three types of activities after about the age of 70 years. Social activity remained mostly stable for women and declined for men. Women reported higher levels of cognitive/sedentary leisure activity across the study. Both men and women declined in physical leisure activity. Variance in leisure activities increased with age; men demonstrated more variance in social activities and women in physical activities.Conclusions: Understanding change in leisure activities with age and by gender can have important implications for interventions and for use of leisure activity data in epidemiological research.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Finkel, Deborah, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and Environmental Influences on Longitudinal Trajectories of Functional Biological Age : Comparisons Across Gender
- 2017
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Ingår i: Behavior Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-8244 .- 1573-3297. ; 47:4, s. 375-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used an alternate age variable, functional biological age (fBioAge), which was based on performance on functional body measures. The aim was to examine development of fBioAge across the adult life span, and to also examine potential gender differences and genetic and environmental influences on change with age. We used longitudinal data (n = 740; chronological age (ChronAge) range 45-85 at baseline) from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging. The rate of increase in fBioAge was twice as fast after ChronAge 75 than before. fBioAge was higher in women than in men. fBioAge was fairly equally influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Whereas the rate of ChronAge cannot vary across time, gender, or individual, our analyses demonstrate that fBioAge does capture these within and between individual differences in aging, providing advantages for fBioAge in the study of aging effects.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Finkel, Deborah, et al.
(författare)
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Sex differences in genetic and environmental influences on longitudinal change in functional ability in late adulthood
- 2015
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1079-5014 .- 1758-5368. ; 70:5, s. 709-717
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. To determine the extent to which genetic and environmental factors contribute to individual and gender differences in aging of functional ability.Method. Twenty assessments of functional ability are collected as part of the longitudinal Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging from 859 twins aged 50–88 at the first wave. Participants completed up to 6 assessments covering a 19-year period. Factor analysis was used to create 3 factors: flexibility, fine motor skills, and balance.Results. Latent growth curve analysis demonstrated increasing disability and variability after age 70. For flexibility, results indicated significant sex differences in mean change trajectories but no sex differences in components of variance. No sex differences were found for fine motor movement. For balance, there were no sex differences in mean change trajectories; however, there was significant genetic variance for changes in balance in women after age 70 but not for men.Discussion. Although idiosyncratic environmental influences account for a large part of increasing variance, correlated and shared rearing environmental effects were also evident. Thus, both microenvironmental (individual) and macroenvironmental (family and cultural) effects, as well as genetic factors, affect maintenance of functional ability in late adulthood.
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| 21. |
- Finkel, Deborah, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal dynamics of motor functioning and cognitive aging
- 2016
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 71:1, s. 109-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Because of the possible implications for intervention and thus successful aging, researchers have striven to determine whether the age changes in physical and cognitive functioning are coincident or does functioning in one domain change before, and possibly contribute to, functioning in the other.Methods. Bivariate dual change score models were applied to four cognitive factors and three motor functioning factors available from 813 adults who participated in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging. Participants were aged 50–88 at the first of six waves of testing covering a 19-year follow-up period; 68% participated in at least three waves.Results. Model comparisons indicated dynamic coupling relationships between Balance and Fine Motor factors and the Speed cognitive factor. Decline in motor function precedes decline in performance on processing speed tasks, even though the motor function tasks were not timed. Results indicated possible bidirectional coupling between Fine Motor and Speed.Conclusions. Combined with other dual change score model analyses of cognition and physical function, a picture is beginning to emerge of the cascade of events that may lead to cognitive aging.
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| 22. |
- Hallgren, Jenny, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive trajectories in relation to hospitalization among older Swedish adults
- 2018
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Ingår i: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 74, s. 9-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionResearch indicate that cognitive impairment might be related to hospitalization, but little is known about these effects over time.ObjectiveTo assess cognitive change before and after hospitalization among older adults in a population-based longitudinal study with up to 25 years of follow-up.MethodA longitudinal study on 828 community living men and women aged 50–86 from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Ageing (SATSA) were linked to The Swedish National Inpatient Register. Up to 8 assessments of cognitive performance (general cognitive ability, verbal, spatial/fluid, memory, and processing speed) from 1986 to 2010 were available. Latent growth curve modelling was used to assess the association between cognitive performance and hospitalization including spline models to analyse cognitive trajectories pre- and post-hospitalization.ResultsA total of 735 persons (89%) had at least one hospital admission during the follow-up. Mean age at first hospitalization was 70.2 (±9.3) years. Persons who were hospitalized exhibited a lower mean level of cognitive performance in general ability, processing speed and spatial/fluid ability compared with those who were not hospitalized. The two-slope models revealed steeper cognitive decline before hospitalization than after among those with at least one hospitalization event, as compared to non-hospitalized persons who showed steeper cognitive decline after the centering age of 70 years.ConclusionsPersons being hospitalized in late life have lower cognitive performance across all assessed domains. The results indicate that the main decline occurs before the hospitalization, and not after. This might indicate that when you get treatment you also benefit cognitively.
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| 23. |
- Hallgren, Jenny, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Trajectories of motor function and cognition in relation to hospitalization
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Hospitalization among older people is common and associated with adverse outcomes. However, knowledge about long-term effects on motor functions and cognitive abilities in relation to hospitalization is scarce. In order to explore development of motor functions and cognition after hospitalization, a longitudinal study among middle-aged and older adults with up to 25 years of follow-up was conducted.Methods: Overall, 828 participants from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Ageing (SATSA) were linked to the Swedish National Inpatient Register, which contains information on participants’ hospital admissions. Up to 8 assessments of cognitive performance and 7 assessments of motor functions i.e. fine motor, balance/upper strength, and flexibility, from 1986 to 2010 were available. Latent growth curve modelling was used to assess the association between hospitalization and subsequent motor function and cognitive performance.Results: A total of 735 (89 %) persons had at least one hospital admission during the follow-up. The mean age at first hospitalization was 70.2 (± 9.3) years. Persons who were hospitalized exhibited a lower mean level of cognitive performance in all domains and in motor functions compared with those who were not hospitalized. A significantly steeper decline was observed in motor function abilities as well as in processing speed, spatial/fluid, and general cognitive ability performance of hospitalized participants. These patterns remained even after comorbidities and dementia prevalence were controlled for.Discussion: We are the first to show that hospitalization is associated with steeper decline in both motor function and cognitive abilities across more than two decades of post-hospitalization follow-up.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Pahlen, Shandell, et al.
(författare)
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Age-moderation of genetic and environmental contributions to cognitive functioning in mid- and late-life for specific cognitive abilities
- 2018
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Ingår i: Intelligence. - : Elsevier. - 0160-2896 .- 1873-7935. ; 68, s. 70-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Age moderation of genetic and environmental contributions to Digits Forward, Digits Backward, Block Design, Symbol Digit, Vocabulary, and Synonyms was investigated in a sample of 14,534 twins aged 26 to 98 years. The Interplay of Genes and Environment across Multiple Studies (IGEMS) consortium contributed the sample, which represents nine studies from three countries (USA, Denmark, and Sweden). Average test performance was lower in successively older age groups for all tests. Significant age moderation of additive genetic, shared environmental, and non-shared environmental variance components was observed, but the pattern varied by test. The genetic contribution to phenotypic variance across age was smaller for both Digit Span tests, greater for Synonyms, and stable for Block Design and Symbol Digit. The non-shared environmental contribution was greater with age for the Digit Span tests and Block Design, while the shared environmental component was small for all tests, often more so with age. Vocabulary showed similar age-moderation patterns as Synonyms, but these effects were nonsignificant. Findings are discussed in the context of theories of cognitive aging.
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| 29. |
- Pedersen, Nancy L., et al.
(författare)
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IGEMS : The Consortium on Interplay of Genes and Environment Across Multiple Studies - An Update
- 2019
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Ingår i: Twin Research and Human Genetics. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1832-4274 .- 1839-2628. ; 22:6, s. 809-816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Interplay of Genes and Environment across Multiple Studies (IGEMS) is a consortium of 18 twin studies from 5 different countries (Sweden, Denmark, Finland, United States, and Australia) established to explore the nature of gene-environment (GE) interplay in functioning across the adult lifespan. Fifteen of the studies are longitudinal, with follow-up as long as 59 years after baseline. The combined data from over 76,000 participants aged 14-103 at intake (including over 10,000 monozygotic and over 17,000 dizygotic twin pairs) support two primary research emphases: (1) investigation of models of GE interplay of early life adversity, and social factors at micro and macro environmental levels and with diverse outcomes, including mortality, physical functioning and psychological functioning; and (2) improved understanding of risk and protective factors for dementia by incorporating unmeasured and measured genetic factors with a wide range of exposures measured in young adulthood, midlife and later life.
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| 30. |
- Seetharaman, Shyam, et al.
(författare)
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Blood glucose, diet-based glycemic load and cognitive aging among dementia-free older adults
- 2015
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - : Oxford University Press. - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 70:4, s. 471-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although evidence indicates that Type II Diabetes is related to abnormal brain aging, the influence of elevated blood glucose on long-term cognitive change is unclear. In addition, the relationship between diet-based glycemic load and cognitive aging has not been extensively studied. The focus of this study was to investigate the influence of diet-based glycemic load and blood glucose on cognitive aging in older adults followed for up to 16 years.METHODS: Eight-hundred and thirty-eight cognitively healthy adults aged ≥50 years (M = 63.1, SD = 8.3) from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging were studied. Mixed effects growth models were utilized to assess overall performance and change in general cognitive functioning, perceptual speed, memory, verbal ability, and spatial ability as a function of baseline blood glucose and diet-based glycemic load.RESULTS: High blood glucose was related to poorer overall performance on perceptual speed as well as greater rates of decline in general cognitive ability, perceptual speed, verbal ability, and spatial ability. Diet-based glycemic load was related to poorer overall performance in perceptual speed and spatial ability.CONCLUSION: Diet-based glycemic load and, in particular, elevated blood glucose appear important for cognitive performance/cognitive aging. Blood glucose control (perhaps through low glycemic load diets) may be an important target in the detection and prevention of age-related cognitive decline.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Sternäng, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Grip Strength and Cognitive Abilities : Associations in Old Age
- 2016
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences. - : Oxford University Press. - 1079-5014 .- 1758-5368. ; 71:5, s. 841-848
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Both physical functioning and cognitive abilities are important for well-being, not least in old age. Grip strength is often considered an indicator of general vitality and, as such, may predict cognitive functioning. Few longitudinal studies have examined the relationship between grip strength and cognition, especially where specific cognitive abilities have been targeted.METHOD: Participants (n = 708, age range: 40-86 years at baseline) came from the population-based longitudinal Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging. We used a longitudinal follow-up of 6 waves during 20 years. For the analyses, we used latent growth modeling, where latent growth trajectories were fitted to the cognitive traits (verbal ability, spatial ability, processing speed, and memory) or to the grip strength values and each, respectively, treated as time-varying covariates of the other trait.RESULTS: Results supported a longitudinal influence of grip strength on changes in cognitive function. Grip strength performance was associated with change in the 4 cognitive abilities after age 65 years.DISCUSSION: A rather stable connection was found between grip strength and cognitive abilities starting around 65 years of age. The starting period suggests that the association may be due to lifestyle changes, such as retirement, or to acceleration of the aging processes.
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