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- Fischer, Andreas C., 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Method for plugging a hole and a plugged hole
- 2009
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- A method for at least partially inserting a plug into a hole, said method comprising the steps of a) providing a at least one substrate with at least one hole wherein said at least one hole has a largest dimension of from 1 μm to 300 μm, b) providing a piece of material, wherein said piece of material has a larger dimension than said at least one hole, c) pressing said piece of material against the hole with a tool so that a plug is formed, wherein at least a part of said piece of material is pressed into said hole, d) removing the tool from the piece of material. There is further disclosed a plugged hole manufactured with the method. One advantage of an embodiment is that an industrially available wire bonding technology can be used to seal various cavities. The existing wire bonding technology makes the plugging fast and cheap.
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- Joszai, R., et al.
(författare)
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Metal-metal bond or isolated metal centers? Interaction of Hg(CN)(2) with square planar transition metal cyanides
- 2005
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 44:26, s. 9643-9651
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three adducts have been prepared from Hg(CN)(2) and square planar M-II(CN)(4)(2-) transition metal cyanides (M = Pt, Pd, or Ni, with d(8) electron shell) as solids. The structure of the compounds K2PtHg(CN)(6)center dot 2H(2)O (1), Na2PdHg(CN)(6)center dot 2H(2)O (2), and K2NiHg(CN)(6)center dot 2H(2)O (3) have been studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, and luminescence spectroscopy in the solid state. The structure of K2PtHg(CN)(6)center dot 2H(2)O consists of one-dimensional wires. No CN- bridges occur between the heterometallic centers. The wires are strictly linear, and the Pt(II) and Hg(II) centers alternate. The distance d(Hg-Pt) is relatively short, 3.460 angstrom. Time-resolved luminescence spectra indicate that Hg(CN)2 units incorporated into the structure act as electron traps and shorten the lifetime of both the short-lived and longer-lived exited states in 1 compared to K-2[Pt(CN)(4)]center dot 2H(2)O. The structures of Na2PdHg(CN)(6)center dot 2H(2)O and K2NiHg(CN)(6)center dot 2H(2)O can be considered as double salts; the lack of heterometallophilic interaction between the remote Hg(II) and Pd(II) atoms, d(Hg-Pd) = 4.92 angstrom, and Hg(II) and Ni(II) atoms, d(Hg-Ni) = 4.61 angstrom, is apparent. Electron binding energy values of the metallic centers measured by XPS show that there is no electron transfer between the metal ions in the three adducts. In solution, experimental findings clearly indicate the lack of metal-metal bond formation in all studied Hg-II-CN--M-II(CN)(4)(2-) systems (M = Pt, Pd, or Ni).
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- Polshin, Victor, et al.
(författare)
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Attaining control by design over the hydrolytic stability of Fe-TAML oxidation catalysts
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 130:13, s. 4497-4506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The iron(III) complexes of tetra amidato macrocyclic ligands (TAMLs) ([Fe{1-X-1-2-X2C6H2-4,5-(NCOCMe2NCO)(2)CR2}(OH2)](-), 1: X-1 = X-2 = H, R-2 = Me-2 (a), R-2 = (CH2)(2) (b); X-1 = X-2 = Cl, R-2 = F-2, (c), etc.), which the proton is known to demetalate at pH < 3, are also subject to catalyzed demetalation by Bronsted acid buffer components at pH 4-9 such as H2PO4-, HSO3-, and CH3- CO2H, HO2CCH2CO2-. Buffers based on pyridine (py) and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) are catalytically inactive. Where reactions proceed, the products are demetalated TAMLs and iron species of variable composition. Pseudo-first-order rate constants for the demetalation (k(obs)) are linear functions of the acid concentrations, and the effective second-order rate constants k(1),(eff) have a hyperbolic dependence on [H+] (k(1),eff = a(1)[H+]/(b(1)+[H+]). The rate of demetalation of 1a in H2PO4-/HPO42- buffer is appreciable, but the k(obs) values for 1b and 1c are immeasurably low, showing that the rates are strongly affected by the CR2 or "tail" fragments, which are known to potently affect the TAML basicity. The reactivities of 1 depend insignificantly on the aromatic ring or "head" group of 1. The proposed mechanism involves precoordination of the acidic buffer species followed by hydrolysis. The demetalating abilities of buffer species depend on their structures and acidities. Thus, although pyridine-2-carboxylic (picolinic) acid catalyzes the demetalation, its 3- and 4-isomers (nicotinic and isonicotininc acids) are inactive. The difference is rationalized to result from the ability that only coordinated picolinic acid has to deliver a proton to an amidato nitrogen in an intramolecular manner. The reaction order in picolinic acid equals one for la and two for 1a. For 1b, "inactive" pyridine and nicotinic acid speed up the demetalation in the presence of picolinic acid, suggesting that the second order arises from the axial binding of two pyridine molecules, one of which must be picolinic acid. The binding of pyridine- and imidazole-type ligands was confirmed by UV/vis equilibrium measurements and X-ray crystallography. The implications of these mechanistic findings for designing superior Fe-TAML oxidation catalysts and catalyst formulations are discussed using the results of DFT calculations.
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- Ryabov, A. D., et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemistry of biorelevant photosensitive low-potential orthometalated ruthenium complexes
- 2005
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 44:5, s. 1626-1634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Redox potentials of photosensitive cyclometalated Ru derivatives of 2-phenylpyridine or 2-(4-tolyl)pyridine are controllably decreased by up to 0.8 V within several minutes. This is achieved by irradiation of the ruthena(II)cycles cis-[Ru(o-X-2-py)(LL)(MeCN)(2)]PF6 (2, X = C6H4 (a) or 4-MeC6H3 (b), LL = 1,10-phenanthroline or 2,2'-bipyridine). The cis geometry of the MeCN ligands has been confirmed by the X-ray structural studies. The sigma-bound sp(2) carbon of the metalated ring is trans to LL nitrogen. Complexes 2 are made from [Ru(o-X-2-py)(MeCN)(4)]PF6 (1) and I-L. This trivial ligand substitution is unusual because la reacts readily with phen in MeCN as solvent to give cis-[Ru(o-C6H4-2-py)(phen)(MeCN)(2)]PF6 (2c) in a 83% yield, but bpy does not afford the bpy-containing 2 under the same conditions. cis-[Ru(o-C6H4-2-py)(bpy)(MeCN)(2)]PF6 (2e) has been prepared in CH2Cl2 (74%). Studies of complexes 2c,e by cyclic voltammetry in MeOH in the dark reveal Ru-II/III quasy-reversible redox features at 573 and 578 mV (vs Ag/AgCl), respectively. A minute irradiation 2c and 2e converts them into now species with redox potentials of -230 and 270 mV, respectively. An exceptional potential drop for 2c is accounted for in terms of a photosubstitution of both MeCN ligands by methanol. ESR, H-1 NMR, and UV-vis data indicate that the primary product of photolysis of 2c is an octahedral monomeric low-spin (S = 112) Ru-III species, presumably cis-[Ru-II(o-C6H4-2-py)(phen)(MeOH)2]2+. The primary photoproduct of bpy complex 2e is cis-[Ru-II(O-C6H4-2-py)(bpy)(MeCN)(MeOH)](+), and this accounts for a lower decrease in the redox potential. Irradiation of 2c in the presence of added chloride affords [(phen)(o-C6H4-2-py)(ClRuORuCl)-O-III-Cl-IV(o-C6H4-2-py)(phen)]PF6, a first mu-oxo-bridged mixed valent dimer with a cyclometalated unit. The structure of the dimer has been established by X-ray crystallography.
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