| 1. |
- Ahlgren, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Engagement in New Dietary Habits : Obese Women's Experiences from Participating in a 2-Year Diet Intervention
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 23:1, s. 84-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Dietary weight loss interventions most often result in weight loss, but weight maintenance on a long-term basis is the main problem in obesity treatment. There is a need for an increased understanding of the behaviour patterns involved in adopting a new dietary behavior and to maintain the behaviour over time.PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to explore overweight and obese middle-aged women's experiences of the dietary change processes when participating in a 2-year-long diet intervention.METHODS: Qualitative semi-structured interviews with 12 overweight and obese women (54-71 years) were made after their participation in a diet intervention programme. The programme was designed as a RCT study comparing a diet according to the Nordic nutrition recommendations (NNR diet) and a Palaeolithic diet (PD). Interviews were analysed according to Grounded Theory principles.RESULTS: A core category "Engagement phases in the process of a diet intervention" concluded the analysis. Four categories included the informants' experiences during different stages of the process of dietary change: "Honeymoon phase", "Everyday life phase", "It's up to you phase" and "Crossroads phase". The early part of the intervention period was called "Honeymoon phase" and was characterised by positive experiences, including perceived weight loss and extensive support. The next phases, the "Everyday life phase" and "It's up to you phase", contained the largest obstacles to change. The home environment appeared as a crucial factor, which could be decisive for maintenance of the new dietary habits or relapse into old habits in the last phase called "Crossroads phase".CONCLUSION: We identified various phases of engagement in the process of a long-term dietary intervention among middle-aged women. A clear personal goal and support from family and friends seem to be of major importance for long-term maintenance of new dietary habits. Gender relations within the household must be considered as a possible obstacle for women engaging in diet intervention.
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| 2. |
- Axelsson, Sarianne Wiklund
(författare)
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Prerequisites for sustainable life style changes among older persons with obesity and for ICT support
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The experiences from persons in the third age of lifestyle changes due to obesity are rarely described in research. Interventions regarding lifestyle changes and obesity show weak evidence for long-term effects. Information and communication technology (ICT) may add an important potential in interventions, but readiness among older persons and the actual needs for support must be explored. Therefore the overall aim for the thesis was to explore the prerequisites for sustainable lifestyle changes among older persons with obesity; and how this could be supported by ICT.Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used. In paper I, 10 participants were individually interviewed about their experiences of lifestyle changes and in a multistage focus group study (paper IV), 6 participants expressed the support needed for sustainable lifestyle changes in relation to obesity. Qualitative content analysis was used. In a randomly selected population survey, 154 participants responded to an enquiry about general and health related ICT usage (paper II). They also rated scenarios for expected psychosocial impact on web based e-health services and mobile health applications (paper III).An integration of the results identified four main findings: The first finding, A never-ending process of vigilance and vulnerability, showed constant attempts of weight loss and pre-occupation on not to fail in an un-supportive environment. The second finding; Need for psychosocial support marked that the process of lifestyle changes was influenced by factors as sensibility to moods, social support and others’ attitudes. It was therefore essential for the persons to achieve emotional balance. The third finding, ICT as a possible support for adaptability, presented that older Swedes expected a positive psychosocial impact by ICT, especially in a future perspective. ICT was most valued in the domain of adaptability. The degree of usage of health related ICT, however, was low, although persons with overweight had more experience of this usage. Finally, the fourth finding; Reconstructions from weight to health expresses the needs of reconstructing focus towards health, rather than being pre-occupied with weight loss. Physical activity that was associated to joy and to have a functioning body, a body that would serve them as before, were motives to lose weight.In conclusion, this thesis illustrates that a lifestyle change due to obesity in third age is lined with vigilance not to fail and requires a great deal of endurance and effort. The potential of ICT to support lifestyle changes is likely to be substantiated by the positive expectations on ICT from a psychosocial impact perspective, especially in views of the future. Findings indicate a need for moving focus from weight towards health and to see opportunities, and that psychosocial support and enjoyable physical activity are important prerequisites for sustainable change.
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| 3. |
- Hammarström, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Developing a Tool for Increasing the Awareness about Gendered and Intersectional Processes in the Clinical Assessment of Patients : A Study of Pain Rehabilitation
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: There is a need for tools addressing gender inequality in the everyday clinical work in health care. The aim of our paper was to develop a tool for increasing the awareness of gendered and intersectional processes in clinical assessment of patients, based on a study of pain rehabilitation.METHODS: In the overarching project named "Equal care in rehabilitation" we used multiple methods (both quantitative and qualitative) in five sub studies. With a novel approach we used Grounded Theory in order to synthesize the results from our sub studies, in order to develop the gender equality tool. The gender equality tool described and developed in this article is thus based on results from sub studies about the processes of assessment and selection of patients in pain rehabilitation. Inspired by some questions in earlier tools, we posed open ended questions and inductively searched for findings and concepts relating to gendered and social selection processes in pain rehabilitation, in each of our sub studies. Through this process, the actual gender equality tool was developed as 15 questions about the process of assessing and selecting patients to pain rehabilitation. As a more comprehensive way of understanding the tool, we performed a final step of the GT analyses. Here we synthesized the results of the tool into a comprehensive model with two dimensions in relation to several possible discrimination axes.RESULTS: The process of assessing and selecting patients was visualized as a funnel, a top down process governed by gendered attitudes, rules and structures. We found that the clinicians judged inner and outer characteristics and status of patients in a gendered and intersectional way in the process of clinical decision-making which thus can be regarded as (potentially) biased with regard to gender, socio-economic status, ethnicity and age.IMPLICATIONS: The clinical implications of our tool are that the tool can be included in the systematic routine of clinical assessment of patients for both awareness raising and as a base for avoiding gender bias in clinical decision-making. The tool could also be used in team education for health professionals as an instrument for critical reflection on gender bias.CONCLUSIONS: Thus, tools for clinical assessment can be developed from empirical studies in various clinical settings. However, such a micro-level approach must be understood from a broader societal perspective including gender relations on both the macro- and the meso-level.
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| 4. |
- Lehti, Arja, et al.
(författare)
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Walking down 'Via Dolorosa' from primary health care to the specialty pain clinic : patient and professional perceptions of inequity in rehabilitation of chronic pain
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 31:1, s. 45-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To analyse patient and professional perceptions about (in)equity of care and rehabilitation of chronic pain patients from primary health care to assessment at a specialty rehabilitation clinic.SETTING AND METHODS: This qualitative study consists one focus group interview with eight general practitioners who refer patients to pain rehabilitation clinics, 10 individual interviews with patients who were assessed at a pain rehabilitation clinic and seven interviews with professionals participating in multimodal assessment teams at a pain rehabilitation clinic. Interview analysis was conducted by the grounded theory method.RESULTS: The core category Via Dolorosa, the way of suffering and pain, captured how gender and sociocultural context may contribute to advantages and disadvantages during patient journeys from primary health care to a pain rehabilitation clinic. Patients and professionals perceived pain as a low-ranking illness, and women and men used different gendered strategies to legitimise the pain and to be taken seriously. Being 'a proper patient ready to change' and having 'likeness' between patients and professionals were viewed as advantageous in rehabilitation of pain patients. Patients with higher educational levels were perceived as easier to interact with and had better access to health care. Professional thoughts about gender norms influenced the rehabilitation options. The rehabilitation programme was seen by several professionals to be better suited for women than men, which could lead to unequal care.CONCLUSION: From an equity and gender perspective, our study highlights the complexity in rehabilitation of chronic pain patients - both from patient and professional perspectives. Awareness of gendered and the biased preconceptions and norms is crucial when professionals struggle to offer equitable health care and rehabilitation.
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| 5. |
- Stålnacke, Britt-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Is there a gender bias in recommendations for further rehabilitation in primary care of patients with chronic pain after an interdisciplinary team assessment?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Foundation of Rehabilitation Information. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 47:4, s. 365-371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine potential gender bias in recommendations of further examination and rehabilitation in primary care for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain after an interdisciplinary team assessment. Methods: The population consisted of consecutive patients (n=589 women, 262 men) referred during a 3-year period from primary healthcare for assessment by interdisciplinary teams at a pain specialist rehabilitation clinic. Patient data were collected from the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation. The outcome was defined as the examination or rehabilitation that was specified in the patient's record. Results: Men had a significantly higher likelihood than women of being recommended physiotherapy and radiological examination, and the gender difference was not explained by confounding variables and covariates (age, marital status, ethnicity, education, working status, pain severity, pain interference, pain sites, anxiety and depression). There was no significant gender difference in recommendations to treatment by specialist physician, occupational therapist, psychologist or social worker. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the interdisciplinary teams in specialist healthcare may discriminate against women with chronic pain when physiotherapy and radiological investigation are recommended. The team's choice of recommendations might be influenced by gendered attitudes, but this field of research needs to be studied further.
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| 6. |
- Wiklund, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Access to rehabilitation : patient perceptions of inequalities in access to specialty pain rehabilitation from a gender and intersectional perspective
- 2016
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Ingår i: Global Health Action. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Long-term musculoskeletal pain is common, particularly among women. Pain conditions are a concern in primary health care, and people with severe and complex pain are referred to specialty health care. There is gender bias in access, counselling, assessment, and treatment of long-term pain.Objective: This study explores patient accounts and perceptions about important (social) factors for accessing specialised pain rehabilitation from gender and intersectional equality perspectives. We aimed to identify potential biases and inequalities in accessing rehabilitation resources at a specialised rehabilitation clinic.Design: Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 adults after an assessment or completion of a specialised rehabilitation programme in northern Sweden. Qualitative content analysis was used to explore patients’ perceptions of important factors for accessing rehabilitation.Results: One main theme was formulated as Access to rehab – not a given. Three categories of perceived inequality were demonstrated: power of gender, power of social status, and power of diagnosis. Participants perceived rehabilitation as a resource that is not equally available, but dependent on factors such as gender, socio-economic status, ability to work, ethnicity, or age, and more subtle aspects of social status and habitus (e.g. appearance, fitness, and weight). The character of diagnosis received (medical versus psychiatric or social) was also noted.Conclusions: It is crucial that professionals are aware of how potential inequalities related to gender, social status, and diagnosis, and their intersections, can be created, perceived, and have influence on the processes of assessment and treatment. Reduction of social determinants of health and biases remain important within global, national, and local contexts.
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| 7. |
- Ahlgren, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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The meanings given to gender in studies on multimodal rehabilitation for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain : a literature review
- 2016
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 38:23, s. 2255-2270
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess and describe the meanings given to "gender" in scientific publications that evaluate multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary or multimodal rehabilitation for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.Method: A systematic literature search for papers evaluating multimodal rehabilitation was conducted. The PubMed and EBSCO databases were searched from 1995 to 2015. Two or three researchers independently read each paper, performed a quality assessment and coded meanings of gender using qualitative content analysis.Results: Twenty-seven papers were included in the review. Gender was used very differently in the MMR studies investigated but primarily it referred to factual differences between men and women. Only one paper provided a definition of the concept of gender and how it had been used in that study. In the content analysis, the meaning of gender formed three categories: "Gender as a factual difference", "The man is the ideal" and "Gender as a result of social role expectations".Conclusions: The meaning of the concept of gender in multimodal rehabilitation is undefined and needs to be developed further. The way the concept is used should be defined in the design and evaluation of multimodal rehabilitation in future studies.Implications for rehabilitationHealthcare professionals should reflect on gender relations in encounters with patients, selection of patients into rehabilitation programs and design of programs. In rehabilitation for chronic pain the patients' social circumstances and cultural context should be given the same consideration as biological sex and pain symptoms.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Fjellman-Wiklund, Anncristine, et al.
(författare)
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Patients' perceived treatment need owing to temporomandibular disorders and perceptions of related treatment in dentistry : a mixed method study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1365-2842 .- 0305-182X. ; 46:9, s. 792-799
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To easily identify patients who could benefit from a temporomandibular disorder (TMD) examination, three screening questions (3Q/TMD) have been introduced in large parts of Sweden. The questions are related to a TMD diagnosis. However, how the questions relate to a treatment need is unknown.Objectives: The first aim of the study was to identify predicting factors for perceived treatment need among adult individuals who screened positive to the 3Q/TMD. The second aim was to explore individuals' thoughts and experiences related to treatment of their TMD complaint.Methods: This mixed‐method study with a case‐control design was conducted in Västerbotten, Sweden, during 2014. Individuals who screened positive to at least one of the 3Q/TMD questions were allocated 3Q‐positives, whereas those with negative answers to all questions were allocated 3Q‐negatives. In total, 300 individuals (140 randomly selected 3Q‐positives, and 160 age‐ and gender‐matched 3Q‐negatives) were included. All individuals answered questions related to treatment need. The answers were analysed in a qualitative approach with qualitative content analysis.Results: In total, 81% of 3Q‐positives expressed a treatment need related to their TMD symptoms. The perceived treatment need was predicted by frequent pain (Q1) and frequent functional disturbances (Q3). Among the 3Q‐positives, 54% reported mistrust in dentists' ability to treat TMD symptoms. The informants expressed a need for information about their symptoms and possible treatment options.Conclusion: Affirmative answers to 3Q/TMD were associated with TMD treatment need. Dentists should give advice to patients with TMD symptoms and address their concerns.
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| 10. |
- Fjellman-Wiklund, Anncristine, et al.
(författare)
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Reach the Person behind the Dementia Physical Therapists' Reflections and Strategies when Composing Physical Training
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public library science. - 1932-6203. ; 11:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dementia is a disease characterized by cognitive impairment and physical decline that worsens over time. Exercise is one lifestyle factor that has been identified as a potential means of reducing or delaying progression of the symptoms of dementia, maximizing function and independence. The purpose of this study was to explore physical therapists' (PTs) experiences and reflections on facilitating high-intensity functional exercise with older people living with dementia, in residential care home settings. The study used a qualitative design based on interviews, individually or in small groups, with seven PTs engaged as leaders in the training of older people with dementia. The interviews were analyzed with a modified Grounded Theory method with focus on constant comparisons. To increase trustworthiness the study used triangulation within investigators and member checking. The core category "Discover and act in the moment-learn over time" reflects how the PTs continuously developed their own learning in an iterative process. They built on previous knowledge to communicate with residents and staff and to tailor the high intensity training in relation to each individual at that time point. The category "Be on your toes" highlights how the PTs searched for sufficient information about each individual, before and during training, by eliciting the person's current status from staff and by interpreting the person's body language. The category "Build a bond with a palette of strategies" describes the importance of confirmation to build up trust and the use of group members and the room to create an interplay between exercise and social interaction. These findings highlight the continuous iterative process of building on existing knowledge, sharing and reflecting, being alert to any alterations needed for individuals that day, communication skills (both with residents and staff) and building a relationship and trust with residents in the effective delivery of high intensity functional exercise to older people living with dementia in care settings.
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| 11. |
- Geithner, Christina A., et al.
(författare)
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Relative Age Effects in Women’s Ice Hockey : Contributions of Body Size and Maturity Status
- 2018
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Ingår i: Women in Sport & Physical Activity Journal. - : Human Kinetics. - 1063-6161 .- 1938-1581. ; 26:2, s. 124-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on relative age effects (RAEs) in women’s ice hockey is lacking data on participant characteristics, particularly body size and maturity status. The purposes of our study were to investigate RAEs in women’s ice hockey players from two countries, and to determine whether RAE patterns could be explained by chronological age, body size, and maturity status. Participants were 54 Swedish elite and 63 Canadian university players. Birthdates were coded by quartiles (Q1–Q4). Weight and height were obtained, and body mass index and chronological age were calculated for each player. Players recalled age at menarche, and maturity status was classified as early, average, or late relative to population-specific means. Chi-square (χ2), odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and effect sizes (Cohen’s w) were calculated using population data across quartiles and for pairwise comparisons between quartiles. Descriptive statistics and MANOVAs were run by quartile and by country. Significant RAEs were found for Canadian players across quartiles (p < .05), along with a Q2 phenomenon (Q2: Q3, Q2: Q4, p < .05). Swedish players were overrepresented in Q3 (Q3: Q4, p < .05). Q4 was significantly underrepresented in both countries (p < .05). The oldest, earliest maturing, and shortest players in both countries were clustered in Q2, whereas the next oldest and latest maturing Swedish players were found in Q3. Age, physical factors, and interactions may contribute to overrepresentations in Q2 and Q3. These findings do not suggest the same bias for greater relative age and maturity found in male ice hockey.
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| 12. |
- Henriksson, Tommy, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Correlation between Off-ice Strength and Power Variables and Skating Performance in Women's Ice Hockey
- 2015
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Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 47:5S, s. 962-962
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between off-ice tests and skating performance has not been previously investigated in elite women ice hockey players (WIHP).PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between off-ice strength-, and power- variables and different components of skating performance in Elite WIHP. METHODS: Elite WIHP (n=32) age: 18.3±2.1 years, were evaluated via physiological tests of; Vertical power (squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ)); Horizontal power (standing long jump on two legs (SLJ) on one leg (SLJR) and 20m linear sprinting); Strength (isometric leg pull, squat and isokinetic leg extension on 90° and 210° (Iso90, Iso210)). Right leg measurements were selected for the isokinetic leg extension and SLJ(R). Skating performance was assessed on-ice via three agility tests; S-cornering agility skate (SCAS), Transition agility skate (TAS), Cone agility skate (CAS), and anaerobic endurance test; Modified repeat sprint skate (MRSS). Pearson ́s bivariate correlations were used to investigate the associations between physical variables and on-ice variables. Statistical significance was set to p<.05.RESULTS: SLJR, SLJ, Iso90, Iso210, isometric leg-pull and 20m sprint were correlated with TAS, r = .698 (p.001), r = .509 (p.026), r = -.514 (p.050), r = -.529 (p.043), -.479 (p.038) and r = .631 (p.007) respectively. SLJR and Iso90 was correlated with SCAS, r = -.619 (p.005) and r = -.520 (p.047). SLJR, SLJ, CMJ and Iso210 were correlated to MRSS, r = -.588 (p.01), r = -.539 (p.021), r = -.482 (p.037) and r = -.544 (p.04) respectively. CAS was not significantly correlated with any of the physiological tests.CONCLUSIONS: Off-ice power and strength tests were significantly correlated to skating performance in elite WIHP.
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| 13. |
- Henriksson, Tommy, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Laboratory- and field-based testing as predictors of skating performance in competetive-level female ice hockey
- 2016
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Ingår i: Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine. - 1179-1543. ; 7, s. 81-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine whether field-based and/or laboratory-based assessments are valid tools for predicting key performance characteristics of skating in competitive-level female hockey players.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.METHODS: Twenty-three female ice hockey players aged 15-25 years (body mass: 66.1±6.3 kg; height: 169.5±5.5 cm), with 10.6±3.2 years playing experience volunteered to participate in the study. The field-based assessments included 20 m sprint, squat jump, countermovement jump, 30-second repeated jump test, standing long jump, single-leg standing long jump, 20 m shuttle run test, isometric leg pull, one-repetition maximum bench press, and one-repetition maximum squats. The laboratory-based assessments included body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), maximal aerobic power, and isokinetic strength (Biodex). The on-ice tests included agility cornering s-turn, cone agility skate, transition agility skate, and modified repeat skate sprint. Data were analyzed using stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis. Linear regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between key performance characteristics of skating and the predictor variables.RESULTS: Regression models (adj R2) for the on-ice variables ranged from 0.244 to 0.663 for the field-based assessments and from 0.136 to 0.420 for the laboratory-based assessments. Single-leg tests were the strongest predictors for key performance characteristics of skating. Single leg standing long jump alone explained 57.1%, 38.1%, and 29.1% of the variance in skating time during transition agility skate, agility cornering s-turn, and modified repeat skate sprint, respectively. Isokinetic peak torque in the quadriceps at 90° explained 42.0% and 32.2% of the variance in skating time during agility cornering s-turn and modified repeat skate sprint, respectively.CONCLUSION: Field-based assessments, particularly single-leg tests, are an adequate substitute to more expensive and time-consuming laboratory assessments if the purpose is to gain knowledge about key performance characteristics of skating.
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| 14. |
- Henriksson, Tommy, 1981-
(författare)
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Physiological- and Socio-Cultural Conditions for Performance in Women's Ice Hockey
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The ice hockey community is founded on masculine norms and values, and the hockey rink is often described as “the home of men’s ice hockey”. Despite a growing popularity, women’s ice hockey has low priority in comparison to the men’s game. On top of that, the women’s game does not allow body checking, which makes it deviant from what some see as “the real game of ice hockey”. The checking prohibition causes physiological requirements to differ from the men’s game, and since women are underrepresented in ice hockey research, not much is known regarding the physiological- and socio-cultural conditions of women’s ice hockey. The overall aim of this doctoral thesis is to investigate physiological- and socio-cultural conditions important for performance in women’s ice hockey.Methods: This thesis is unique in terms of the interdisciplinary approach between physiology and gender science, and the inclusion of studies based on both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative thematic interviews with ice hockey coaches from Sweden, Canada, and the United States were used to explore socio-cultural conditions in relation to performance and sport development (Paper I). Relative age effect (RAE) in relation to maturity status was examined through anthropometric measurements and a player questionnaire (Paper II). Physiological field- and laboratory assessments were used to investigate physiological conditions and performance in female competitive ice hockey players from Sweden (Paper III-IV), and players from Canada (Paper IV).Results: The findings from Paper I suggest that coaches need to maintain a holistic approach to coaching to be able to coordinate and optimize the effects based on available conditions. Socio-cultural conditions, such as structural and financial support, are mentioned as important to support opportunities in women’s ice hockey. Furthermore, the results (Paper I) show that female players in Canada and the United States have superior opportunities compared to female players in Sweden. These advantages are mainly attributed to the support provided by the North American education systems. The findings from Paper II suggest that the relative age effect (RAEs) in women’s hockey are also influenced by socio-cultural conditions. Significant RAE (p<.05) was found for Swedish players born in the third quartile (Q3) and for Canadian player born in the second quartile (Q2). Players born in the fourth quartile (Q4) are significantly (p<.05) underrepresentated in both countries. Players tend to be average or late maturers, but no differences can be found by country or position. The findings from Paper III show that field-based assessments are comparable to laboratory assessments with the purpose of predicting skating performance. The Prediction models accounted for 13.6 % to 42 % (laboratory-based models) and 24.4 to 66.3 % (field-based models) of the variance in skating time. Regardless of assessment method, uni-lateral assessments are superior to bi-lateral assessments. The results support the use of field-based assessments in Paper IV. The findings from Paper IV show various physiological profiles for female Swedish and Canadian players. Swedish players had less body fat (p=.007), more lean mass (p=.005), and greater aerobic fitness measured with the20-meter shuttle run beep test (p=<.001). Canadian players had greater maximal isometric leg strength (p=.026), exhibit a greater running acceleration (p=<.001), performed better in single leg standing long jumps (right leg p=.002, left leg p=.030), and showed better anaerobic endurance (p=.029) on- ice. No significant differences can be found between forwards and defenders.Conclusion: The findings of this study show that physiological- and socio-cultural conditions should both be considered in relation to performance in women’s ice hockey. For example, the various physiological profiles are probably an effect of the different socio-cultural conditions in Sweden and Canada. The Canadian profile may be better adapted to performance in ice hockey, but further research is needed to establish a relationship. Since women’s ice hockey often has somewhat limited resources, this knowledge may help optimize the effect of the available resources, and thus improve performance. Improved performance may have a positive long-term effect on the symbolic view of women’s ice hockey. Women can probably further optimize their physical performance in relation to their current conditions. But for permanent changes to occur, power structures in sport must also change. Women themselves have limited opportunities to affect the dominating gender norms and values in ice hockey.
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| 15. |
- Molenaar, Claire E., et al.
(författare)
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The Relative Age Effect in Women's Ice Hockey : International and Positional Comparison
- 2015
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Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 47:5S, s. 629-630
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A relative age effect (RAE), or chronological age differences among individuals within the same age group, has been observed in 14 sports (Cobley et al., 2009). A strong RAE has been reported in men’s ice hockey since 1985 (Barnsley et al., 1985). In contrast, research on RAE in women’s ice hockey is limited (Wattie et al., 2007; Weir et al., 2010) and findings are equivocal.PURPOSE: To determine whether there is a RAE in women’s ice hockey, and if it varies by country or player position.METHODS: Participants were 117 female ice hockey players (mean age=19.9±2.3 yr) on 2 Swedish elite-level club teams (n=54) and 4 Canadian university teams (n=63). Players reported birthdate and position (Forward=F, Defenseman=D, Goalie=G). Birthdates were coded by quartiles (Q1: Jan.-March, Q2: April-June, Q3: July-Sept., Q4: Oct.-Dec.) and by half-year. Birthdate data were submitted to chi-square analyses for the sample, by country, and by position. SPSS 17.0 for Windows was used for all analyses (significance level: p<0.05). RESULTS: A significant RAE was observed for the entire sample by quartile (Q1: 28.2%, Q2: 34.2%, Q3: 25.6%, Q4: 12.0%; χ2=12.402, p=0.006). More players were born in the first half of the year than the second (62.4% vs. 37.6%, respectively; χ2=7.188, p=0.007). In contrast, Q4 was underrepresented for the sample and by country (Canada: 12.7%, Sweden: 11.1%). A RAE was present for the Canadian players by quartile (χ2=13.381, p=0.004) and half-year (χ2=9.921, p=0.002); however, no RAE was observed for Swedish players. In addition, a significant RAE was observed for the entire sample by position for G and D by quartiles (G - χ2=10.077, p=0.018; D - χ2=8.444, p=0.038) and half year (G - χ2=6.231, p=0.013; D - χ2=4.000, p=0.046), but not for F.CONCLUSIONS: The significant RAE in this sample is consistent with that in men’s ice hockey and the tendency for greater participation by relatively older players in women’s ice hockey. RAE absence in the Swedish players may reflect lower participant number, competitive level, and sociocultural support, as well as greater variation in skill level. The significant RAEs observed in Canadian players and by position support the findings of Weir et al. (2010), but the positional differences found were inconsistent, perhaps due to differences in sample size and competitive level between studies.
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| 16. |
- Nordvall Strömberg, Petronella, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced information regarding exercise training as treatment is needed. An interview study in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- 2015
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 37:16, s. 1424-1430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to describe thoughts and attitudes of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) when talking about exercise training as treatment.METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were performed and analyzed with the grounded theory method. Four men and six women were interviewed (ages 66-84 years), with moderate to severe COPD, and no experience of organized exercise training as treatment for COPD.RESULTS: The analysis resulted in one core category, unknown territory, and three categories, good for those who can, but not for me; fear of future; and mastering. Exercise training as treatment was perceived by the participants as something unknown. It was also described as important for others but not for them. Their perceptions were that they could not perform exercise training, and did not have the knowledge of what or how to perform exercise that was good for them.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with COPD, with no previous experience of exercise training as treatment for their disease, describe exercise training as something unknown and unimportant for them. The results provide important knowledge for healthcare professionals regarding how to educate patients with COPD about the content and benefits of exercise training as treatment. Implications for Rehabilitation Exercise training is effective for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with regard to dyspnea, physical capacity, health-related quality of life, and health care use. Patients with COPD perceive a lack of information regarding exercise training as treatment. The information and the presentation of exercise training as treatment might be of importance to get better adherence to this treatment.
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| 19. |
- Vikman Lostelius, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Pain in children with cerebral palsy : adolescent siblings’ awareness of pain and perceived influence on their family
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Physiotherapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2167-9169 .- 2167-9177. ; 21:3, s. 164-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To elucidate the experiences of being an adolescent sibling in a family that includes a child with cerebral palsy (CP) and pain, from the perspectives of siblings and parents.Methods: Seven siblings and 10 parents were individually interviewed to systematically analyse the experiences of siblings and parents with children with CP and pain. The interviews were analysed by using qualitative content analysis according to Graneheim and Lundman.Results: The theme ‘Making pain common ground for support’ and three categories combined the non-disabled adolescent sibling and parental experiences of the child’s pain, and point to the need for support of the non-disabled siblings. Dysfunctional coping influences the siblings’ daily life and future health. Siblings wanted closer contact with the Development Centre in order to alleviate their negative emotions.Conclusions: As Development Centre physiotherapists meet the families to the child with CP, they can be a link to the sibling. Physiotherapists can educate siblings on pain and how to better cope with stress and emotional discomfort caused by their sibling’s CP and pain.
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| 20. |
- Wahlström Edling, Cecilia, 1959-
(författare)
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Besvär i rörelseorganen hos musiklärare och deras syn på musikelevers hälsa : visioner och verklighet på kollisionskurs
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of the licentiate thesis was to reach a better understanding of music teachers' health, with focus on musculoskeletal disorders, and music teachers' view on young music students' health, from a gender perspective.A cross-sectional study was directed to music teachers employed at a municipality music- and culture school, in order to investigate the relationship between physical workload and work-related disorders among music teachers. Out of 61 music teachers 47 agreed to participate. The study group was divided into two groups depending on if they had an asymmetric or symmetric upper extremity and back playing posture. Musculoskeletal disorders were frequent among the music teachers. Women music teachers reported significantly more musculoskeletal disorders than their male collegues and music teachers with asymmetric work posture had significantly higher amount of musculoskeletal disorders than those who had a symmetric playing posture.A qualitative interview study with semi-structured interviews with 18 music teachers were conducted to explore music teachers' experiences of health and gender among young music students. An interview guide was used, with topic areas concerning experiences and perceptions of positive health aspects and health problems among young music students, taking part in music education. The interviews were analysed with qualitative content analysis according to Graneheim and Lundman. The analysis resulted in an overarching theme "Visions and reality in contradiction" and three categories: "Music making to feel good", "Pressure on girls, acceptance for boys" and "Blame on the individual".Music teachers at music- and culture schools seem to be at high risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders, especially music teachers playing an instrument that requires an asymmetric playing position. Young musicians' teachers need a better knowledge in the field of prevention of music students' health problems and physiotherapists and ergonomists may assist and collaborate in this. A gender perspective in music medicine research may contribute to a better understanding of musicians' health.
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| 21. |
- Wallin, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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Act with respect : Views of supportive actions for older workers after completion of comprehensive vocational rehabilitation services
- 2019
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Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 62:4, s. 585-598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The number of older workers will expand during the next decades. Older workers have more long-term health problems and related limitations.OBJECTIVE: This study examined supportive actions provided in occupational healthcare services to older workers after vocational rehabilitation. An additional purpose was to explore occupational healthcare professionals' views on how to realize and improve adequate support activities.METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative methods were used, including a postal questionnaire and focus group discussions. Sixty-seven occupational healthcare service units participated in the postal questionnaire. Eight occupational healthcare professionals participated in two focus group discussions. The qualitative data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis.RESULTS: The qualitative analysis resulted in one theme (Act with respect), and four categories (Need for cooperation, Collaborative resources of involved stakeholders, Individual needs for support, and Gender as homogenous and separate groups). Quantitative results revealed that the workers' initiative strongly influenced the support carried out. Recommendations from the rehabilitation clinic were almost always considered when deciding on supportive actions. Focus group discussions brought up gender differences especially highlighted in the category Gender as homogenous and separate groups.CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate support of older workers requires cooperation between involved stakeholders, including occupational healthcare services. Provided support should be based on individual needs, but a mutual practice of determining needed support is requested.
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