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- Forsberg, Gunnel, et al.
(författare)
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Regional Poicy, Social Networks and informal structures
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Urban and Regional Studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-7764 .- 1461-7145. ; 22:4, s. 368-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a study on regional development and innovation systems in a Swedish county. The theoretical points of departure rest on human geographical and sociological perspectives. The regional policy in Sweden today is characterised by a strongly emphasized governance model, i.e. an orientation towards networks and cluster initiatives. The regional development programme of the county of Värmland 2004-2007 was a template for this policy. It rested upon some basic principles, such as partnership engagements, networking, EU-specific linguistic usage and superstar rhetoric. But this seemingly innovative regional policy has roots in traditional industrial society (iron works and paper mills). The network planning model gives the opportunity for informal social structures to re-enter the area of regional planning. Gender equality in regional government policy was challenged by the presence of a homosocial shadow (seamy side) structure such as secret networks and clubs on the outside of the official organizations. Networks were also important in the reproduction of traditional power structures, male dominance and hegemony. One conclusion is that networking can be used both mutually as a progressive force and as a conservative tool among actors in the innovation policy.
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- Forsberg, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infection in COVID-19, a retrospective multicenter cohort study in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 68:2, s. 226-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections (VA-LRTI) increase morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Higher incidences of VA-LRTI have been reported among COVID-19 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The primary objectives of this study were to describe clinical characteristics, incidence, and risk factors comparing patients who developed VA-LRTI to patients who did not, in a cohort of Swedish ICU patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19. Secondary objectives were to decipher changes over the three initial pandemic waves, common microbiology and the effect of VA-LTRI on morbidity and mortality.Methods: We conducted a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of all patients admitted to 10 ICUs in southeast Sweden between March 1, 2020 and May 31, 2021 because of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 and were mechanically ventilated for at least 48 h. The primary outcome was culture verified VA-LRTI. Patient characteristics, ICU management, clinical course, treatments, microbiological findings, and mortality were registered. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine risk factors for first VA-LRTI.Results: Of a total of 536 included patients, 153 (28.5%) developed VA-LRTI. Incidence rate of first VA-LRTI was 20.8 per 1000 days of IMV. Comparing patients with VA-LRTI to those without, no differences in mortality, age, sex, or number of comorbidities were found. Patients with VA-LRTI had fewer ventilator-free days, longer ICU stay, were more frequently ventilated in prone position, received corticosteroids more often and were more frequently on antibiotics at intubation. Regression analysis revealed increased adjusted odds-ratio (aOR) for first VA-LRTI in patients treated with corticosteroids (aOR 2.64 [95% confidence interval [CI]] [1.31-5.74]), antibiotics at intubation (aOR 2.01 95% CI [1.14-3.66]), and days of IMV (aOR 1.05 per day of IMV, 95% CI [1.03-1.07]). Few multidrug-resistant pathogens were identified. Incidence of VA-LRTI increased from 14.5 per 1000 days of IMV during the first wave to 24.8 per 1000 days of IMV during the subsequent waves.Conclusion: We report a high incidence of culture-verified VA-LRTI in a cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients from the first three pandemic waves. VA-LRTI was associated with increased morbidity but not 30-, 60-, or 90-day mortality. Corticosteroid treatment, antibiotics at intubation and time on IMV were associated with increased aOR of first VA-LRTI.
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- Forsberg, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal Reactor Comprising a Gas Permeable Cage Arranged to Influence a Flow Path of Gas
- 2021
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is provided a thermal reactor (100) comprising: a vessel (101), said vessel comprising: a gas inlet (102), an outlet (103), a gas permeable cage (104) arranged in the vessel (101), and in fluid connection to the gas inlet (102), wherein the vessel (101) and the cage (104) are provided with a mutual gas outlet (103), and temperature generating means (105;105') arranged to create a thermal reaction zone (106) within the cage (104), wherein the cage (104) is provided with holes (107), and wherein a first subset of the holes (107') is arranged along at least a portion of a first circumferential surface (110) of the cage (104) and a second subset of the holes (107'') is arranged along at least a portion of a second circumferential surface (111) of the cage (104), wherein the first (110) and second (111) circumferential surfaces are offset and non-parallel, and the first subset of holes (107') and the second subset of holes (107'') are mutually distinct.
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- Forsberg, Gunnel
(författare)
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Är landsbygden en kvinnofälla?
- 1997
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Ingår i: Working paper. - : Östersund: Institutet för regionalforskning (SIR). ; :5a, s. 17-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Forsberg [Gottzén], Lucas, 1977-
(författare)
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Managing Time and Childcare in Dual-Earner Families Unforeseen Consequences of Household Strategies
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Sociologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0001-6993 .- 1502-3869. ; 52:2, s. 162-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article documents how dual-earner families employ different household strategies when managing time and childcare in everyday life. In particular, the focus is the unforeseen consequences of household strategies, that is, novel emerging problems, cultural ideals and subjectivities. In this ethnographic study of eight middle-class couples in Sweden, I analyse three household strategies: delegating, alternating and multitasking. While parents apparently use these strategies to juggle the multiple demands of everyday life in a time-efficient way, they also comply with a norm of involved parenthood. Thus, when employing household strategies, the parents balance between enacting themselves as involved parents and running the risk of being understood as uninvolved.
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- Forsberg, Hanna
(författare)
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Active school transportation : Understanding the parental decision-making process
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Few children and adolescents reach the recommended levels of daily physical activity. This trend is evident in the countries examined in this thesis: Sweden and Spain. In efforts to reverse the current trend, active school transportation (AST) and independent mobility (IM) have been suggested as opportunities to increase levels of physical activity. Unfortunately, AST and IM have decreased during recent decades; consequently, initiatives promoting such behaviors have been called for. Parents are the main decision-makers on a child’s use of AST and IM, and thus, understanding their decisions is important in efforts to promote such behaviors. The overarching aim of this thesis was to increase the understanding of the parental decision-making process concerning their children’s active transport to school.This thesis applied an exploratory sequential design, with both interview (qualitative) and cross-sectional (quantitative) designs used to attain the overall aim. Data was collected through interviews with 20 parents (I) and two surveys: the PILCAST (Parents intentions to let their child use AST) questionnaire (II-III) and the PACO (Pedalea y Anda COlegio [Cycle and walk to school]) family questionnaire (IV). In total, 1024 responses from parents were collected with the PILCAST questionnaire (II). In paper III, a sub-sample of 610 was extracted from the 1024, based on parents responding “yes” or “no” to participation in an AST intervention. In paper IV, a total of 573 parents were included in the study. Data was analyzed with content analysis (I), descriptive statistics (II-IV), confirmatory factor analysis (II), linear regression analysis (II-IV), and logistic regression analysis (IV).The main findings showed that parents’ decisions regarding AST and IM were influenced by social norms, which was reflected in appearing to be a good parent and by what significant others do in their vicinity and neighborhood (I, II, IV). The importance of social norms applied to both Swedish and Spanish parents when it comes to AST. Some, gender differences were found, showing that they might play a more important role for parents of girls when it comes to AST and IM. Further, the findings showed that attitudes influence decisions, which was reflected in how parents master everyday life by sometimes choosing what is most convenient, even though they are aware of the benefits of AST (I-II). Parents identified factors both impeding and facilitating the use of AST, while safety and trusting the child were found to be important (I-II). The findings also indicate that the intervention within the Sustainable Innovation for Children Transporting Actively (SICTA) project might positively influence parents’ beliefs about AST (III). In addition, there seems to be a habitual factor involved in the parental decision-making process (II). Differences were found between parents’ decisions to let their child cycle to school compared to letting their child walk to school (II). Finally, the parental decision-making process seems to be influenced by the child’s age and the distance between home and school (I, II, IV). The PILCAST questionnaire showed acceptable validity and reliability.In conclusion, the findings show that when aiming to promote AST and IM, social acceptance is important. This concerns both other people’s judgments of parenting and what other important referent groups are doing, encompassing the visibility of AST and IM in the parents’ vicinity and neighborhoods. Attention given to gender differences could be beneficial as well. Further, it is also important to understand the prerequisites of modern family life. It is likely that strengthening positive attitudes in parents could promote AST, but the practice also needs to be in line with their everyday life tasks. Efforts should also be made to strengthen the factors that facilitate AST. From a parental perspective, this includes safety and being supported in gaining trust in their children and their children’s capabilities with respect to the age of the children. Habit seems to play an important role, and to encourage parents to form new habits, it might be beneficial to launch AST interventions along with contextual changes, as these might open a window for change, which could occur in the transition between preschool and primary school. It could be beneficial to consider cycling and walking as different behaviors because walking seems to be more dependent on the distance to school than cycling. Further, the PILCAST questionnaire was valid and reliable, providing an increased understanding of these behaviors from a parental perspective. Finally, to make children’s use of active transport to school the more favorable choice, it seems worthwhile not only to give children the opportunity to participate but also to involve parents and address their beliefs when designing interventions.
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