| 1. |
- Blomberg, David, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of leucine enkephalin turn mimetics
- 2006
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Ingår i: Organic and biomolecular chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-0520 .- 1477-0539. ; 4:3, s. 416-423
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A cyclic Leu-enkephalin mimetic containing a 7-membered ring, and two linear analogues, has been prepared on solid phase. In the cyclic mimetic the intramolecular (1–4) hydrogen bond found in crystalline Leu-enkephalin has been replaced by an ethylene bridge. In addition, the amide bond between Tyr1 and Gly2 has been replaced by a methylene ether isostere and Gly3 has been deleted. The two linear analogues both contain the methylene ether isostere instead of the Tyr1-Gly2 amide bond and the shorter of the two lacks Gly3. The three compounds, and a β-turn mimetic analogous to the 7-membered turn mimetic but with Gly3 included, were evaluated for specific binding to µ- and δ-opioid receptors in rat brain membranes. With the exception of the β-turn mimetic the three other Leu-enkephalin analogues all bound with varying affinity to the µ- and δ-opioid receptors. From the results it could be concluded that Leu-enkephalin binds in a turn conformation to the opiate receptors, but that this conformation is not a (1–4) β-turn.
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| 2. |
- Elsik, Christine G., et al.
(författare)
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The Genome Sequence of Taurine Cattle : A Window to Ruminant Biology and Evolution
- 2009
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 324:5926, s. 522-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.
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| 3. |
- Field, Dawn, et al.
(författare)
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The minimum information about a genome sequence (MIGS) specification.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nature biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1696 .- 1087-0156. ; 26:5, s. 541-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the quantity of genomic data increasing at an exponential rate, it is imperative that these data be captured electronically, in a standard format. Standardization activities must proceed within the auspices of open-access and international working bodies. To tackle the issues surrounding the development of better descriptions of genomic investigations, we have formed the Genomic Standards Consortium (GSC). Here, we introduce the minimum information about a genome sequence (MIGS) specification with the intent of promoting participation in its development and discussing the resources that will be required to develop improved mechanisms of metadata capture and exchange. As part of its wider goals, the GSC also supports improving the 'transparency' of the information contained in existing genomic databases.
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