| 1. |
- Humar, Miha, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction of the COST FP 1303 Cooperative Performance Test
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 46th IRG Annual Meeting.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- COST Action FP 1303 “Performance of bio-based building materials” successfully started in October 2013 and an ambitious program was set up for the four year programme. COST Actions provide an excellent opportunity for collaborative research, e.g. in the frame of Round Robin tests.The idea of this respective test was to distribute a fairly simple test set up to as many places in Europe as possible in order to collect performance data reflecting the range of climatic exposure conditions. Furthermore we wanted to consider performance in its manifold meaning, i.e. optical, aesthetical, moisture and functional performance and durability. In contrast to traditional Round Robin tests aiming on comparative evaluation and validation of results from different test laboratories, this initiative aims on collecting performance data under climatically different exposure conditions. Therefore it was required to provide weather data from the respective test sites to allow establishing relationships between climate conditions and the following measured, which shall be evaluated regularly: decay, discolouration, development of mould and other staining fungi, corrosion, formation of cracks and moisture performance (if data logging device is included). Further details about the test and the first outcomes are presented in this paper.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Crespo-Leiro, Maria G., et al.
(författare)
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European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Long-Term Registry (ESC-HF-LT): 1-year follow-up outcomes and differences across regions
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Heart Failure. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 1388-9842 .- 1879-0844. ; 18:6, s. 613-625
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimsThe European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Long-Term Registry (ESC-HF-LT-R) was set up with the aim of describing the clinical epidemiology and the 1-year outcomes of patients with heart failure (HF) with the added intention of comparing differences between participating countries. Methods and resultsThe ESC-HF-LT-R is a prospective, observational registry contributed to by 211 cardiology centres in 21 European and/or Mediterranean countries, all being member countries of the ESC. Between May 2011 and April 2013 it collected data on 12440 patients, 40.5% of them hospitalized with acute HF (AHF) and 59.5% outpatients with chronic HF (CHF). The all-cause 1-year mortality rate was 23.6% for AHF and 6.4% for CHF. The combined endpoint of mortality or HF hospitalization within 1year had a rate of 36% for AHF and 14.5% for CHF. All-cause mortality rates in the different regions ranged from 21.6% to 36.5% in patients with AHF, and from 6.9% to 15.6% in those with CHF. These differences in mortality between regions are thought reflect differences in the characteristics and/or management of these patients. ConclusionThe ESC-HF-LT-R shows that 1-year all-cause mortality of patients with AHF is still high while the mortality of CHF is lower. This registry provides the opportunity to evaluate the management and outcomes of patients with HF and identify areas for improvement.
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| 7. |
- Crocetti, Roberto, et al.
(författare)
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Raka balkar och pelare
- 2016. - 5
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Ingår i: Limträhandbok : Del 2. Projektering av limträkonstruktioner - Del 2. Projektering av limträkonstruktioner. - 9789198030464 ; , s. 53-69
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Frühwald Hansson, Eva
(författare)
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Konstruktionssystem för limträ
- 2016. - 5
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Ingår i: Limträhandbok : Del 2. Projektering av limträkonstruktioner - Del 2. Projektering av limträkonstruktioner. - 9789198030464 ; , s. 39-52
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 10. |
- Frühwald Hansson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Mould development
- 2017
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Ingår i: Performance of bio-based building materials. - 9780081009826 - 9780081009925
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 11. |
- Frühwald Hansson, Eva
(författare)
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Takåsar
- 2016. - 5
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Ingår i: Limträhandbok : Del 2. Projektering av limträkonstruktioner - Del 2. Projektering av limträkonstruktioner. - 9789198030464 ; , s. 166-169
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 12. |
- Johansson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Framtidens biobaserade byggande och boende : Slutrapport
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aimof the project "Biobased building and living for the future" was to create conditions for increased use of bio-based products and services in the construction sector in Sweden and Europe and to increase the competitiveness of the Swedish timber manufacturing industry. The project has shown ways to develop E-commerce, parts of the production where increased digitalization leads to increased capacity and quality, as well as solutions for development of floor systems, external walls and tall timber buildings. The project has shown development opportunities to increase the use of bio-based products that implemented will increase competitiveness.The project has been divided into eleven sub-projects to study the various aspects of external factors, market conditions and business models, process development and product development. Within each sub-project, several workshops have been carried out to jointly evaluate results and decide the next step in the sub-project. Through joint workshops, the partners have also been able to meet and share results across the sub-projects and spread knowledge and create networks within the industry. The last part is perceived as very valuable by both the companies and the academy / institute.For the joinery value chain, a current situation analysis has been carried out and shown how the development of E-commerce platforms must be combined with process development in order to have a large effect. The results will be utilized in the companies' strategy work ahead. For the timber building value chain, demonstrators have shown development opportunities for both process and product development. The next step for the companies is to evaluate the various solutions linked to their own production conditions.
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| 13. |
- Klasson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Design for lateral stability of slender timber beams considering slip in the lateral bracing system
- 2018
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Ingår i: Structures. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-0124. ; 16, s. 157-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigates the significance of potential slip in the bracings of simply supported slender timber members. Three bracing configurations are considered. The first case is that of a timber beam braced at one point at mid-span, the second one braced at two points and the third one braced at three points. Possible slip in the bracing members can for example be due to joint deformation, initial crookedness of purlins and slack (or relaxation) of cables in the stabilizing bay (catenary action). In this study, it is shown that slip in the bracing system can result in a reduced load-bearing capacity (due to larger beam stresses) of the beams. Also, the greater the slip, the greater lateral deflections and consequent bracing forces of the braced member. A simplified approach, using a larger initial geometrical imperfection, to account for potential slip in bracings is also evaluated. This approach is found to work reasonably well in terms of stresses and bracing forces, but underestimates the lateral displacements.
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| 14. |
- Klasson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Slender Roof Structures - Failure Reviews and a Qualitative Survey of Experienced Structural Engineers
- 2018
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Ingår i: Structures. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-0124. ; 15, s. 174-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many slender roof structures have collapsed due to snow loading and instability. Although accurate stability calculations can be performed using theoretical models, these calculations may not always reflect the behaviour of real structures as a result of the uncertainties relating to e.g. loading, material behaviour, geometry, initial imperfections and the actual boundary conditions of the structure. As a result, the approach to stability design requires subjective decisions by the structural engineer concerning loading and modelling assumptions. This paper investigates the significance of these types of decisions made by structural engineers in designing slender roof structures. This investigation is based on a review of previous failure studies together with a survey of 17 experienced structural engineers. The results of this investigation indicate that most structural failures are a result of human errors; thus, a suitable strategy for avoiding errors is through quality control and design checking. Moreover, a significant discrepancy was observed concerning design assumptions made by the engineers in the study. Some of these assumptions, e.g. a non-conservative choice of the buckling length of a beam, have a significant negative impact to structural safety. It is therefore recommended that the structural engineers involved in the design of a structure have adequate experience and a holistic mindset. Another recommendation is that both drawings and design calculations are thoroughly reviewed before construction. Also, temporary bracing to be used during construction should be included in design. Finally, it is important that the communication between different partners in the design of a structure is satisfying.
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| 15. |
- Klasson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Slender steel columns : How they are affected by imperfections and bracing stiffness
- 2016
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Ingår i: Structures. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-0124. ; 8, s. 35-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Finite-element programs can be used for designing columns and their bracing systems. It is well known, however, that the output obtained from such programs is highly dependent upon the input (such as imperfections and stiffness properties). In the present study, the effects of imperfections on the predicted strength and stiffness requirements of steel columns and of their bracing systems are investigated. Two different systems are analyzed: 1) a braced non-sway column and 2) a braced sway column. It was found that a poor choice of the shape of the initial imperfections can provide unrealistic results in terms of both the buckling load on the columns and the predicted reactions of the bracings. It was also found that superimposing different imperfection shapes can contribute to obtaining realistic and trustworthy results. Furthermore, it was shown that the shapes of the initial imperfections that lead to the lowest buckling load and those that result in the strongest bracing forces, are generally not the same.
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| 16. |
- Meyer-Veltrup, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Design and performance prediction of timber bridges based on a factorization approach
- 2018
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Ingår i: Wood Material Science and Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-0272 .- 1748-0280.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Service life of timber bridges is predominantly affected by the site-specific climatic conditions in terms of moisture and temperature over time, the overall design, the design of details, and the choice of materials. In recent years, a performance-based methodology has been developed to predict (1) the material climatic conditions within timber components from macro climate data and comparison between design details, (2) decay intensity from material climate data, and (3) the material resistance as a combined effect of wood-inherent properties and its moisture dynamics. Within the WoodWisdomNet project ‘Durable Timber Bridges’ we emphasized on utilizing exposure, decay, and resistance models for a comprehensive guideline for the design of timber bridges. Therefore, a factorization approach is presented based on dose–response relationship between wood material climate and responding fungal decay. The concept does also allow for quantifying the material resistance of untreated, modified, and preservative-treated wood using factors based on laboratory and field durability tests and short-term tests for capillary water uptake, adsorption, and desorption dynamics. The findings from the present study have the potential to serve as an instrument for design and service life prediction of timber structures and will be implemented in an engineering design guideline for timber bridges.
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| 17. |
- Mårtensson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Byggkonstruktion
- 2017
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Lärobok i Konstruktionsteknik
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Niklewski, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Durability of rain-exposed timber bridge joints and components
- 2016
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Ingår i: WCTE 2016. - 9783903024359 ; , s. 4667-4675
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design of details is an important aspect in durability design of rain-exposed timber structures. Joints are considered the weak-points of these structures as they accumulate moisture and facilitate deterioration by decay. The present study aims to study the influence of detail design, and its effect on the service life, by estimating the decay rate in a number of rain-exposed timber components and joints, typically found in timber bridges. A test-setup was exposed outdoors over a period of one year while the moisture content was measured in specific measuring points. The test-setup included groups of beams, columns and joints commonly found in timberbridges. For the beams and columns, the effectiveness of typical protective measures was also tested. The annual decay rate was estimated using two different decay prediction models. Compared to a reference beam, the results show that structural protection reduced the risk of decay while joints and end-grain tended to be at increased risk. The lowest service life, estimated to 3-4 years, was found close to end-grain where drying was hindered but moisture could accumulate. In general, the discrepancy between the two decay models was large for low to medium exposure and decreased with increasing exposure.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Niklewski, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Moisture conditions of rain-exposed glue laminated timber members: the effect of different detailing : the effect of different detailing
- 2018
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Ingår i: Wood Material Science and Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-0272 .- 1748-0280. ; 13:3, s. 129-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In performance-based durability design, relating the in-use conditions of wooden members to their moisture content is an important step. In the present study, the effects of detail design on the wood moisture content of glulam members are investigated experimentally. The moisture content of glulam members, designed with various connection details and structural protection, was monitored at 18 different measuring points (n = 3) by use of resistance-type moisture sensors for a period of a year. The effects of detail design are studied by comparing the moisture content of various details to that of a freely exposed beam. As expected, the design of the details was clearly reflected by their moisture content. Efforts to protect the wood were favourable in most cases, although only complete shelter kept the moisture content consistently below the level critical for the occurrence of decay. In order to relate the effects of moisture traps to the climate, a three-parameter empirical model was constructed and fitted to the experimental results. The model was able to capture the main features of the measurements and was used in order to characterize the performance of details in terms of their response to weather.
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| 23. |
- Palmer, Katie, et al.
(författare)
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Association of polypharmacy and hyperpolypharmacy with frailty states : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Geriatric Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1878-7649 .- 1878-7657. ; 10:1, s. 9-36
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To investigate: (1) the cross-sectional association between polypharmacy, hyperpolypharmacy and presence of prefrailty or frailty; (2) the risk of incident prefrailty or frailty in persons with polypharmacy, and vice versa.Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase from 01/01/1998 to 5/2/2018. Pooled estimates were obtained through random effect models and Mantel-Haenszel weighting. Homogeneity was assessed with the I-2 statistic and publication bias with Egger's and Begg's tests.Results: Thirty-seven studies were included. The pooled proportion of polypharmacy in persons with prefrailty and frailty was 47% (95% CI 33-61) and 59% (95% CI 42-76), respectively. Increased odds ratio of polypharmacy were seen for prefrail (pooled OR=1.52; 95% CI 1.32-1.79) and frail persons (pooled OR=2.62, 95% CI 1.81-3.79). Hyperpolypharmacy was also increased in prefrail (OR=1.95; 95% CI 1.41-2.70) and frail (OR=6.57; 95% CI 9.57-10.48) persons compared to robust persons. Only seven longitudinal studies reported data on the risk of either incident prefrailty or frailty in persons with baseline polypharmacy. A significant higher odds of developing prefrailty was found in robust persons with polypharmacy (pooled OR=1.30; 95% CI 1.12-1.51). We found no papers investigating polypharmacy incidence in persons with prefrailty/frailty.Conclusions: Polypharmacy is common in prefrail and frail persons, and these individuals are also more likely to be on extreme drug regimens, i.e. hyperpolypharmacy, than robust older persons. More research is needed to investigate the causal relationship between polypharmacy and frailty syndromes, thereby identifying ways to jointly reduce drug burden and prefrailty/frailty in these individuals.
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| 24. |
- Ranefjärd, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a hot-box test setup with dynamic outdoor climate
- 2019
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Ingår i: Thermal Buildings XIV 2019.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Europe, all new houses built require an energy declaration showing the expected energy consumption during use. However, there is often a discrepancy between the calculated and the actual energy consumption. Some claim that in general the difference is on the positive side for wooden buildings, with real energy consumption being lower than predicted. This could be an effect of thorough and long-time work with energy related issues or it could be the bio based material performing better than designed. The working hypothesis for this paper is that materials with moisture buffering capacity have better energy performance when used in real structures under real climatic conditions compared to standard test of thermal insulation performance. The goal of this paper is therefore to develop an experimental procedure to test thermal insulation with different outdoor climates. The setup should also be suitable for various materials and different wall structures. With the objective to simulate a variety of outdoor climates, a Hot Box test was setup where one side of the experimental setup is a humidity- and temperature controlled climate chamber (outdoor side). The other side is a highly insulated box with temperature controlled heating, where the energy required to maintain the temperature is measured (indoor side). As validation of the test setup, steady-state values (as an ordinary Hot Box test) were compared against values obtained using a HotDisk apparatus. For common insulation materials as mineral wool and XPS, the results from Hot Box and HotDisk tests were very similar whereas there were differences for the bio based insulation material. Dynamic outdoor climate with diurnal changes does not result in apparent differences in the performance compared to the steady state Hot Box test for the tested materials, but there is reason to believe there is a difference with longer cycles.
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| 25. |
- Ranefjärd, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Parametric Study of Mould Risk in the Climate Envelope of Timber Buildings using Hydrothermal simulations
- 2019
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Ingår i: Thermal Buildings XIV 2019.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With global efforts in reducing energy consumption, house manufacturers are seeking use of new materials and design solutions. However, some believe this will increase the risk of mould. One way to assess the mould risk is to use a hygrothermal software for simulating the climate envelopes’ moisture performance. But as with all simulation, the quality of the output can never be better than the quality of the input. In moisture design, some parameters are only based on engineering judgement, which increases the uncertainty. The purpose of this paper is therefore to examine the risks and uncertainties of moisture safety design using hygrothermal simulations. The parametric study is done by using a factorial design and a mould risk assessment tool, Mould – Resistance Design (MRD), to identify what parameters are most influential in affecting the mould risk. The study includes common mould risks, as rain leakage and small air gaps, but also typical ways in which timber house manufacturers try to improve the moisture resistance. Some of the results were quite expected, e.g. the mould risk increases with water leakage closer to the timber frame. But the methodology also showed that changing the façade insulation to a PIR- insulation increases the mould risk more than the risk is decreased by the increased thermal insulation. The study also proves a point in that a lot of theincluded factors are just assumptions based on estimates while the real values are unknown, and they still are the most influential. Other parameters thathad significant importance are often neglected in moisture design, for instance the coefficient regarding wind driven rain and the temperature of the cladding.This paper further acknowledges that there are many and big obstacles in performing a good moisture safety assessment.
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| 26. |
- Rossi, Simone, et al.
(författare)
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Load-bearing capacity of ductile multiple shear steel-to-timber connections
- 2016
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Ingår i: WCTE 2016. - 9783903024359 ; , s. 195-203
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The strength of connections typically governs the cross-sectional size of structural timber members. This is particularly true when multiple slotted-in plates and dowels are used. In such a case, in fact, the larger the number of slotted-in plates - which practically means "the wider the cross section" - the higher the capacity per dowel will be. However, in the case of several slotted-in plates, due to inevitable fabrication tolerances the plates of the connection could be unevenly loaded. It is very important, therefore, to choose a layout of the connection that allows for a ductile behaviour and thus for a possible load redistribution among the dowels and ultimately contribute to the overall robustness of the structure. The present paper deals with the results of an investigation conducted on dowel-type connections with multiple slottedin steel plates. A large set of laboratory tests were carried out at the Division of Structural Engineering, Lund University, Sweden. The tests were conducted by varying two different parameters, i.e. the number of slotted-in steel plates and the thickness of the timber elements. The objectives were 1) to assess the influence of these parameters on the performance of the timber joints in terms of load-bearing capacity, stiffness, and ductility; and 2) to provide design guidance in order to prevent premature (brittle) failure of the connection.
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| 27. |
- Suttie, Ed, et al.
(författare)
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Performance-based specification of wood : Introducing project ClickDesign
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper introduces the new ForestValue research project CLICKdesign – delivering fingertip knowledge to enable service life performance specification of wood. This European consortium is working on the primary innovation to move from the complex, fragmented and general to the easy-to-use, consolidated and specific by provision of an accessible digital tool for specifiers. Competing materials tackle this and provide designers and architects with software. The specification of performance of wood products is highly complex and fraught with uncertainty, inconsistency and requires use of multiple platforms for data, experience, standards and national recommendations. CLICKdesign will provide a tool that has embedded within it the decades of excellent research, the complexity of the standards specification systems and the variation of approach due to tradition, materials and culture across Europe and beyond. A simple tool for non-expert public users will be available as well as a tool accessible to professional users that will be refined with industry to ensure relevancy and accelerate uptake and use. The project runs for 3 years from the 1 March 2019 and looks forward to contributing to the IRG debate now and in future.
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