| 1. |
- Ernberg, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Specification and Implementation of an ISDN Telephone System Using LOTOS
- 1992. - 1
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We present a specification and implementation of an ISDN-related specification in the formal description technique LOTOS. The purpose of this work has been twofold. Firstly, we confirm the applicability of using LOTOS to specify telephony applications beyond Plain Old Telephony Systems (POTS). Secondly we have semi- automatically generated executable code from our LOTOS specification. This code has been used to run a small telephone exchange, thus demonstrating the potential use of LOTOS as a rapid prototyping language.
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| 2. |
- Esteves, Francisco, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Automatically elicited fear : Conditioned skin conductance responses to masked facial expressions
- 1994
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Ingår i: Cognition & Emotion. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0269-9931 .- 1464-0600. ; 8:5, s. 393-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined automatic elicitation of conditioned skin conductance responses (SCRs), when a backward masking procedure prevented the subject's conscious awareness of the conditioned stimuli (CSs). The CSs were pictures of emotional facial expressions. A differential conditioning procedure was used. One facial expression (e.g. an angry face) was aversively conditioned by a shock unconditioned stimulus, whereas another facial expression (e.g. a happy face) was never presented with the shock. After conditioning, the CSs were presented backwardly masked by a neutral face. This procedure prevented conscious perception of the CS. Nevertheless, reliable differential SCRs were obtained when the CS had been an angry face. This effect, however, was dependent on the subject's direction of attention. When attention was focused on the mask, no differential responding was observed. Thus it was concluded that, when fear-relevant stimuli (angry faces) served as the CS, elicitation of SCRs was automatic in the sense that it was possible even when the subjects were not aware of the stimuli presented. However, it was only partially automatic because the effect was modified by attention.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Esteves, Francisco, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Masking the face : Recognition of emotional facial expressions as a function of the parameters of backward masking
- 1993
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 34:1, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four experiments are reported investigating recognition of emotional expressions in very briefly presented facial stimulus. The faces were backwardly masked by neutral facial displays and recognition of facial expressions was analyzed as a function of the manipulation of different parameters in the masking procedure. The main conclusion was that stimulus onset asynchrony between target and mask proved to be the principal factor influencing recognition of the masked expressions. In general, confident recognitions of facial expressions required about 100–150 msec, with shorter time for happy than for angry expressions. The manipulation of the duration of both the target and the mask, by itself, had only minimal effects.
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| 5. |
- Esteves, Francisco, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Nonconscious associative learning : Pavlovian conditioning of skin conductance responses to masked fear-relevant facial stimuli
- 1994
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Ingår i: Psychophysiology. - : Wiley. - 0048-5772 .- 1469-8986. ; 31:4, s. 375-385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the possibility of nonconscious associative learning in a context of skin conductance conditioning, using emotional facial expressions as stimuli. In the first experiment, subjects were conditioned to a backwardly masked angry face that was followed by electric shock, with a masked happy face as the nonreinforced stimulus. In spite of the effectively masked conditioned stimuli, differential conditioned skin conductance responses were observed in a subsequent nonmasked extinction phase. This effect could not be attributed to differential sensitization or pseudo‐conditioning. In the second experiment, the differential responding during extinction was replicated with angry but not with happy faces as conditioned stimuli. It was concluded that with fear‐relevant facialexpressions as the conditioned stimulus, associative learning was possible even in conditions where the subjects remained unaware of the conditioned stimulus, associative learning was possible even in conditions where the subjects remained unaware of the conditioned stimulus and its relationship to the unconditioned stimulus.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Kuhl, Patricia K, et al.
(författare)
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Linguistic experience alters phonetic perception in infants by 6 months of age.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Science. - 0036-8075. ; 255:5044, s. 606-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Linguistic experience affects phonetic perception. However, the critical period during which experience affects perception and the mechanism responsible for these effects are unknown. This study of 6-month-old infants from two countries, the United States and Sweden, shows that exposure to a specific language in the first half year of life alters infants' phonetic perception.
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| 8. |
- Nånberg, Eewa, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Fibroblast growth factor stimulates protein kinase C in quiescent 3T3 cells without Ca2+ mobilization or inositol phosphate accumulation
- 1990
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Ingår i: Journal of Cellular Physiology. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0021-9541 .- 1097-4652. ; 143:2, s. 232-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To elucidate the transmembrane signalling processes initiated by fibroblast growth factor (FGF), we have studied the effect of recombinant basic FGF (bFGF) on various early events associated with mitogenesis in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. bFGF, at mitogenic concentrations, neither induced Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores nor increased the accumulation of inositol phosphates. In contrast, bFGF stimulated the phosphorylation of the Mr 80,000 (80K) cellular protein which is a major substrate of protein kinase C. This effect was potentiated by the diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor R59022. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and phosphopeptide mapping showed that the 80K phosphoproteins generated in response to bFGF, bombesin, and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate were indistinguishable. Down-regulation of protein kinase C prevented bFGF stimulation of 80K phosphorylation. Other protein kinase C-dependent early events such as transmodulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor, cytoplasmic alkalinization, inhibition of vasopressin induced increase in cytosolic [Ca2+], and enhancement of cAMP accumulation in response to forskolin were also induced by bFGF. Similar results were obtained when bFGF was added to quiescent cultures of tertiary mouse embryo fibroblasts. We conclude that bFGF stimulates protein kinase C through a signal transduction pathway distinct from inositol phospholipid turnover and Ca2+ mobilization.
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| 9. |
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